INQUIRY

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<strong>INQUIRY</strong> • Volume 19, 2015 the self, such as self-efficacy, psychological well-being, perceived stress and depression. Fifty individuals who had experienced domestic violence and were currently staying at a large domestic violence shelter filled out four standard self-report measures for self-efficacy, psychological well-being, perceived stress and depression as well as the newly developed safety scale. Results are expected to show that there is a positive correlation between safety and self-efficacy and between safety and psychological well-being. There is also an expectation of a negative correlation between safety and perceived stress and between safety and depression. If the expected results are found, then it can be inferred that the level of safety an individual feels is important to other aspects of how the individual perceives and copes with life. This study can highlight aspects of safety in which those who have experienced domestic violence may need support in order to decrease the negative mental health effects associated with domestic violence. A scale that can accurately measure the construct of safety will also be beneficial in determining the optimal level of safety for those who have experienced domestic violence to function independently. 3D Morphometrics of the Cercopithecoid Distal Humerus: Implications for the Reconstruction of Paleohabitats Emma Kristina Curtis, Anthropology Sponsor: Professor Terry Harrison, Anthropology The reconstruction of paleohabitats is a necessary precursor to understanding the environmental pressures that drove hominin evolution. However, the relative scarcity of hominins in the fossil record, as compared to other mammals, makes direct inference difficult. The ecomorphology of cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) can serve as a valuable indicator of habitat composition given their behavioral diversity and greater relative abundance in Plio- Pleistocene fossil assemblages. By identifying reliable correlations between bone morphology and behavior in living cercopithecoid species, the behavior of extinct species and, subsequently, the types of environments they inhabited can be predicted. The morphology of the distal humerus—which comprises the top half of the elbow joint—is functionally informative regarding the extent to which the elbow is adapted for certain types of motion that correspond to the degree of terrestriality (ground-living) versus arboreality (tree-living) of a species. This study utilizes geometric morphometric analyses to visualize 3D shape variation of the distal humerus among terrestrial, semi-terrestrial and arboreal cercopithecoids. Humeral shape is digitized using 18 landmarks and analyzed in conjunction with quantitative behavioral data. Multivariate analyses of coordinate data are used to determine the accuracy with which individuals can be placed along a terrestrialarboreal spectrum based on the morphology of this joint surface. Results show a significant correlation between distal humeral shape and percentage of terrestriality, t (26) =-6.662, p
New York University • College of Arts and Science Ambivalence in Diversion Courts Emma Dickson, Computer Science, Sociology Sponsor: Professor Jennifer Jennings, Sociology Since 1989 the number of treatment courts, both drug courts and mental health courts, has been increasing across the United States. These types of courts are designed to observe and foster a defendant’s progress through treatment. Drug courts, in particular, were established to curb an epidemic of petty crime and unnecessarily long convictions. In their original incarnation they failed to anticipate the mental health needs of defendants, many of whom have co-occurring mental health problems. Instead, they viewed defendants as addicts who could be cured. While recidivism rates do decrease for graduates, it is very difficult to successfully graduate and less than fifty percent manage to do so. This work explores the distinctions drawn explicitly in judicial practices and implicitly through social conventions between drug addicted and mentally ill criminal defendants. This study, based on first-hand observations of two drug courts and one mental health court, focuses on how the two groups of defendants were ushered through this process: who was offered or denied advancement to the next stage, how many sanctions were issued and even how judges speak to defendants. Currently, the judicial system treats these two types of defendants very differently: mental health courts sought to treat those in its care while drug courts sought to cure them. The unfortunate reality is that an enormous amount of the defendants who qualify for drug court also have other mental illnesses, and failure to address these needs is likely contributing to the low rate of graduation from drug courts. The Rise of Latina Teenagers’ Suicide Rate in New York City Alaïs Diop Diakhaté, Journalism, Spanish Sponsors: Professor Brooke Kroeger, Journalism; Professor Georgina Dopico Black, Spanish and Portuguese Statistics show that the rate of Latina teenage girls attempting to commit suicide in New York is increasing annually; yet, this disturbing trend is still underreported in the non-Latino public sphere. It stays discussed in academic or medical studies. In 2013, attempted suicide was almost two times as high for Latinas as for white females (15.6% compared to 8.5% and 10.7% of African American), a 5% increase since 2011 alone. Research shows that these girls have issues at home and at school. They struggle to assimilate into American social environments, a situation which leads to problems of self-image and acculturation. Their familial structure as well as the Latino community they are part of have serious impacts on their behaviors and make them feel more secluded. Their struggles lie in the tension between parents who want to keep their daughters in traditional cultural roles or are financially unstable, and the difficulties they have with integrating into a society that sometimes seems reluctant to their integration. New York is the epicenter for Latina girls attempting to commit suicide. There are specific reasons behind their vulnerability, yet treatments are not always effective. Often times, what seems to work best is to offer help through activities such as artistic workshops or small discussion groups, where they can interact with girls who went through similar struggles and aspire for a better future together. Determinants of the Eurosceptic Vote in Crisis-Hit Europe Lucia D’Onofrio, International Relations Sponsor: Professor Leonid Peisakhin, Politics Criticism and opposition to the European Union (EU) is on the rise. After the financial crisis of 2008 and the following years of intense economic hardship, the voice of dissent has become louder. The 2014 European Parliament (EP) elections saw the Eurosceptic parties get their highest number of candidates elected in history. This study uses statistical analysis to examine the impact of economic hardship on the increase in the vote share gained by Eurosceptic parties in the 2014 EP election. The results suggest that economic hardship has influenced the increase in Eurosceptic parties’ vote share at the crossnational level and that a strong correlation exists between countries’ contribution to the EU budget and the increase in the Eurosceptic vote. The findings suggest that policymakers should place greater emphasis on the economic and social incentives that the EU experiment has generated for the old EU members. If EU institutions and politicians do not begin to highlight the benefits of the Union, the future of the EU could be at risk, which could result in dire economic and social consequences for the EU members and propagate instability in the rest of the world. De-Personifying Morality: Abstract Reasoning Changes Intuitive Moral Judgments Jayson Dorsett, Psychology Sponsor: Professor Jay Van Bavel, Psychology Most, if not all, people will agree that it is immoral to cause harm and that immoral acts violate the safety of others. Nevertheless, individuals consistently judge controversial, but harmless, moral scenarios as harmful and wrong, even when they cannot give a reason supporting their judgments (Haidt, 2001). These moral judgments are flexible, changing based on when they are made. For example, when participants take a series of analytical reasoning tasks before reading controversial moral scenarios, higher performance on the tasks predicts less severe moral judgments of the scenarios (Pennycook, Cheyne et al., 2014). 44
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