FCCC/CP/2015/7

FCCC/CP/2015/7
river basins, but one Party also mentioned its intention to contribute to the integration of
climate change into regional transhumance plans. Transboundary issues with a global scope
were reported by a few Parties that have sectors of their economies, for example food
production, that contribute to ensuring global security.
289. There is recognition that progress has already been made by many Parties in
addressing adaptation. For example, one Party indicated that it has made great strides in
reducing vulnerability in the tourism, agriculture and ecosystem management sectors,
among others; it has also enhanced its research and data management. In addition, a few
Parties mentioned that the methodologies and tools that they have developed for their
national adaptation work have been recognized by the international community as good
practices.
290. In addition, several Parties indicated that they are encouraging the active
participation of relevant stakeholders as a means of strengthening the implementation of
their adaptation actions. Among these, some Parties specifically mentioned the need to
enhance the participation of vulnerable communities, including women, with a view to
empowering them.
291. A few Parties provided objectives and targets for their adaptation measures or
actions. For example, one Party defined quantitative targets for planning, including that 100
per cent of the national territory and all sectors should be covered by climate change plans
by 2030.
Loss and damage
292. Loss and damage associated with past 63 and projected impacts of climate variability
and change were reported by several Parties. Loss and damage are projected to be incurred
because of extreme hydrometeorological events such as drought, floods or tropical storms
but also because of sea level rise and associated coastal erosion, increases in vector- and
water-borne diseases or fires.
293. Projected loss and damage have been quantified by some Parties, for example in the
form of absolute costs, annual loss of GDP (ranging from 1 to 2 per cent by 2030 to 1.8 to
8.6 per cent by 2050 to 9.4 per cent by 2100), or percentage of land or agricultural
production lost or percentage of population affected by a certain year or a particular
threshold, for example a specific rise in sea level. A few Parties provided details on
projected costs of climate change impacts and how intended adaptation measures are
expected to reduce the projected costs of impacts, leaving some residual damage, thus
clearly making an economic case for investing in adaptation and disaster risk reduction.
294. Measures highlighted to reduce projected loss and damage include first and
foremost: aligning development, adaptation, disaster risk reduction and adaptation;
enhancing risk sharing and transfer, including setting up insurance schemes; strengthening
institutional arrangements and legislative frameworks; strengthening early warning
systems; enhancing building codes and land-use planning; and promoting social protection.
Means of implementation for adaptation actions
295. Most Parties provided information on the means needed, including finance,
technology and capacity-building, to support the implementation of their envisaged
adaptation actions. The information reported relates to:
63 Information on loss and damage due to past climate impacts is included in the section on impact and
vulnerability assessments above.
62