FCCC/CP/2015/7

FCCC/CP/2015/7
Indicators reported include quantitative (e.g. number of people benefiting from adaptation
activities, number of hectares with drought-resistant crops under cultivation, and forest
coverage increases to 45 per cent) and qualitative (e.g. degree of integration of adaptation
into sectoral policies and plans, and level of awareness) ones.
309. The focus on short-term monitoring of activities, processes and outputs rather than
on longer-term outcomes was stressed by one Party. A few Parties have initially tested the
M&E of adaptation for specific regions, sectors or projects and, on the basis of those
experiences and lessons learned, are now planning to scale up M&E to the national level.
Connecting project-level with national-level M&E of adaptation is the goal of a three-tier
M&E approach 65 highlighted by one Party.
310. In terms of the M&E of domestic and international support provided and received, in
particular finance, a few Parties are putting in place climate finance systems for
determining, disbursing and monitoring climate expenditure and for enhancing the visibility
of adaptation measures within the allocation of their national budgets.
Synergies between adaptation and mitigation
311. Noting that climate change actions require a holistic approach, several Parties
elaborated on the synergies between adaptation and mitigation as part of their overall lowemission,
climate-resilient development strategies. Synergies are being sought at project,
sector or landscape level, in planning or institutional frameworks at national, regional or
local level and in urban and rural settings. Table 2 provides an overview of the frequently
highlighted sectors offering adaptation and mitigation synergies along with example
measures.
Table 2
Sectors and sample measures reported by Parties offering synergies between
adaptation and mitigation
Sector
Agriculture, forestry and
other land-use, including
livestock
Human settlements and
infrastructure
Water
Energy
Examples of adaptation measures with mitigation co-benefits
New crop varieties that allow for a decrease in the use
of pesticides and are able to withstand water stress
Sustainable land management practices
Improved livestock production practices
Protection and restoration of forests
Afforestation, including of mangroves and droughttolerant
species
Climate-smart and resilient urban centres
Waste and storm water management, including
treatment
Integrated water resources management, including
watershed protection
Renewable energy
Energy efficiency
65 The first tier, macro-level monitoring, would allow for tracking the evolution of the national
adaptation planning process as a whole. The second tier, meso-level monitoring, would allow for
tracking progress and results at a disaggregated level, either sectoral or geographical; and finally the
third tier, a micro-level structure of reporting, would apply to specific adaptation actions. Reporting is
envisaged to be undertaken annually. Every four years (i.e. at the end of a planning cycle), an
aggregated NAP impact study would elaborate on results achieved and make recommendations for
the next cycle.
65