FCCC/CP/2015/7

FCCC/CP/2015/7
Support needs, including needs for finance, technology and capacity-
(a)
building;
(b)
(c)
(d)
Domestic support, including institutional arrangements;
International support;
South–South cooperation.
296. Specific support needs identified by Parties include the need for:
(a) Favourable enabling environments with appropriate institutional
arrangements and legislation, including for strengthening the engagement of the private
sector;
(b) Sufficient financial resources to assess, plan, implement, monitor and
evaluate adaptation actions;
(c) Technologies for adaptation, 64 including in the areas of climate observation
and monitoring, early warning systems, water resources, including irrigation and waste
water management, coastal zones, resilient transportation, sustainable agriculture, forestry
and land management;
(d) Training and building of institutional and human capacities and technical
expertise, including in the area of vulnerability and adaptation assessments;
(e) Research, data and information, including in the area of climate forecasting
and modelling;
(f)
adaptation.
Education, raising awareness and outreach on climate change impacts and
297. While several Parties quantified their financial needs, others are in the process or are
planning to do so. Needs for finance were expressed either as total quantified financial
needs to implement mitigation and adaptation actions identified in the INDCs or as specific
adaptation finance needs. Parties that reported specific financial needs for adaptation did so
for either the whole INDC period (with individual needs ranging from USD 100 million to
over USD 200 billion) or on an annual basis (with individual needs ranging from around
USD 10 million to USD 3 billion per year). A few Parties provided additional information
on their finance needs by sector or plan/strategy and two Parties provided projected
adaptation costs for different mitigation scenarios.
298. Several Parties reported on how they are addressing the identified support needs
through the provision of domestic support, in particular finance. Those financial resources
are reported to come from a variety of sources, including: the national budget; insurance;
contingent credit and catastrophe bonds; income credits of the domestic market; allocations
from valued added tax as well as environmental fees, taxes and levies; soft and low-interest
loans; and the domestic private sector.
299. Investment strategies/plans and national climate change/adaptation funds are being
set up by some Parties to assist in allocating resources in national budgets, to mobilize
additional resources, to assist in engaging the private sector, including through establishing
public–private partnerships, and to ensure adequate uptake of finance.
300. In addition, several Parties noted their ongoing capacity-building, training and
research efforts, including related to research cooperation, innovation clusters and
cooperation with regional and local governments as well as the financial sector.
64 Some Parties referred to their technology needs assessments.
63