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2. Dive Injuries Table 2.2-7 suggests the estimated greatest proportion of visits to the emergency department for scuba injuries resulted in divers being either treated and released or else being released without treatment. Though the actual number of fatalities is too small to give a trusted estimate, the indication is that the great majority of divers presenting to the emergency department with scuba injuries leave the hospital alive and well. Table 2.2-7 Disposition of diving related Emergency Department admissions (weighted estimates) Disposition NEISS Disposition Code N (%) Treated and released, or examined and released without treatment 1 3672 (84) Treated and admitted for hospitalization (within same facility) 4 219 (5) Treated and transferred to another hospital 2 211 (5) Left without being seen / Left against medical advice 6 110 (3) Held for observation (includes admitted for observation) 5 79 (2) Fatality, including DOA, died in the emergency department 8 77 (2) Total 4368 (100) Though detailed case notes were not available for the 136 actual cases listed by the NEISS, abbreviated case notes do offer an idea of the circumstances surrounding many of the injuries. An illustrative selection is reproduced here, with diagnostic abbreviations expanded for clarity: 2010 Emergency department admission notes Case number Case notes 100149233 43-year-old male went scuba diving today about 40 fsw (12 msw) developed severe pain in joints and chest. Decompression sickness. 100200501 48-year-old female was wearing a rented wet suit while diving and developed a rash all over chest. Contact dermatitis. 100809953 20-year-old male scuba diving and was bit by an octopus in the lower arm. 101019928 51-year-old male was scuba diving and was on a wreck hit side of wreck with ankle. Laceration foot. 100621584 48-year-old female was found unresponsive while scuba diving 15 fsw (5 msw) under water. 100544805 24-year-old male scuba diving in 10 fsw (3 msw) of water developed ear pain and otitis. 100921691 65-year-old male went scuba diving down 50 fsw (15 msw) for 30 minutes and developed severe chest pain upon ascent. 101035632 40-year-old male with syncope and dizziness. Recent scuba diving experience four days ago where he did two dives twice a day up to 80 fsw (24 msw). Diagnosis: syncope, headache. 100326602 Otitis media. 22-year-old male, pain since scuba diving on the weekend. 100936634 27-year-old male went scuba diving and upon ascent developed chest pain and nose bleed. 101122486 23-year-old male was scuba diving and ran out of air. Cardiac arrest. 100528769 14-year-old male went scuba diving to about 30 fsw (9 msw) and developed headache and facial pain; came up with bleeding in eyes. Conjunctival hemaorrhage. 62 Annual Diving Report – 2012-2015 Edition
2. Dive Injuries 100859397 29-year-old female went scuba diving down to over 30 fsw (9 msw) twice and came up; developed a severe headache. Diagnosis: headache, possible decompression. 100444519 50-year-old female was scuba diving when mask filled with water and she pulled out regulator. Diagnosis: near drowning, respiratory failure, barotrauma. 100325740 35-year-old male was scuba diving and cannot hear well. Diagnosis: left otitis media, eustacian tube dysfunction. 100800020 37-year-old scuba diving and developed severe pain in face at 30 fsw (9 msw) depth; then eyes started to bleed. Subconjunctival hemorrhage. 100448285 Diagnosis: perforated tympanic membrane. 23-year-old male scuba diving experienced sudden ear pain in left ear when descending. 2011 Emergency department admission notes Case number Case notes 110122085 Diagnosis: diving accident. 19-year-old female, rapid ascent from 85 fsw (26 msw). Blood in mouth when got to surface, shivering. 110362157 30-year-old male was scuba diving and exposed to coral reef after which developed itchy rash. 110641050 50-year-old male, was diving by himself and ran out of air at 200 fsw (61 msw) with rapid ascent. Diag- nosis: acute respiratory distress syndrome, decompression sickness. 110629066 64-year-old male, cardiac arrest-near, drowning. Co-divers rescued patient and started cardiopulmonary rescusitation at the water’s edge. 110743227 47-year-old female, scuba diving, dove 35 fsw (11 msw), ear pain, continued with dive, ascent gradual and controlled, vomiting last 24 hours. Diagnosis: tympnaic membrane perforation due to barotrauma. 110432834 69-year-old male, fell and landed on his torso on his tank contusing chest. 110935413 Diagnosis: cellulitis. Leg/abrasion/right knee. 34-year-old female with abrasion to right knee injured while scuba diving; scraped on coral. 110707061 69-year-old female snorkeling and sustained a laceration to left knee on some coral. 111027280 68-year-old male, smoking cigarette wearing oxygen which caught fire burning face with 2% total body surface area, no fire department. 110122098 Diagnosis: perforated tympanic membrane left otitis externa left. 18-year-old male scuba diving at ~40 fsw (12 msw) heard pop to left ear. Had episode of vertigo, pain and fluid leaking from ear. 110649047 17-year-old male went scuba diving two days ago and developed severe pain in both ears. Diagnosis: barotrauma ears. 110832208 20-year-old male diving in harbor at 25 fsw (8 msw) and developed chest pain. Pneumomediastium. 110900138 30-year-old male scuba diving and had problems in 12 fsw (4 msw) of water, air issues and found at the bottom of the ocean. Diagnosis: near drowning scuba accident. 2012 Emergency department admission notes Case number Case notes 120620770 23-year-old female head injury. Hit head on someone’s air tank while scuba diving. Annual Diving Report – 2012-2015 Edition 63
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A N N U A L DIVING R E P O R T 2012
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Annual Diving Report 2012-2015 Edit
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Worldwide DAN Offices DAN is compri
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1. Introduction Introduction Since
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1. Dive Fatalities Section 1. Dive
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1. Dive Fatalities Table 1.2-1 (con
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Page 21 and 22: 1. Dive Fatalities Sea condition (s
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Page 91 and 92: Appendix A. Breath-hold Incident Ca
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Page 111 and 112: Appendix D - Japanese Diving Certif
Page 113 and 114: Appendix D - Japanese Diving Table
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Appendix E. DAN Classification of H
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Appendix E. DAN Classification of H
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Appendix F. Glossary Arterial Gas E
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Appendix F. Glossary ness, paralysi
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Appendix F. Glossary typically in a
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Appendix F. Glossary Mixed-Gas Any
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Appendix F. Glossary Rebreather Sel
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Appendix F. Glossary Type I DCS (DC
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