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GRAPH 5: Share of clean energy infrastructure of total Cohesion Policy. Source: our own calculations based on approved Operational Programmes according to categories of intervention GRAPH 6: Energy intensity of the economy 2013 - Gross inland consumption of energy divided by GDP (kg of oil equivalent per 1 000 EUR), CEE and EU 28 average. Source Eurostat Code: tsdec360 14.00% 600.0 10.50% 512.7 450.0 7.00% 353.8 337.2 334.7 310.6 294.7 266.4 256.6 219.5 141.6 300.0 3.50% 150.0 0% 0.0 LT CZ HU LV SK RO PL HR EE EE CZ SK RO LV PL LT HU HR EU28 Country Share of energy efficiency, renewables clean energy and electricity distribution and storage investments, euro on total ERDF, ESF, CF LT 13,21% 886.085.548 CZ 10,57% 2.237.185.806 HU 9,45% 2.035.032.151 LV 8,25% 362.033.474 SK 6,30% 867.775.034 RO 6,27% 1.412.329.787 PL 5,49% 4.222.110.075 HR 5,16% 436.810.805 EE 4,78% 164.138.298 In addition, for the first time, a ‘climate tracking’ methodology was introduced, attributing a coefficient for the calculation of support to climate change objectives to each of the categories of intervention 19 , thus allowing calculation of the total sum of EU funds dedicated to climate action. According to this tracking methodology, the nine CEE countries spend EUR 30.5 billion on climate action (Graph 4). This share of funding allocated to ‘climate action’ includes among other things the financing of measures for climate change adaptation to limit the damage already done (or expected damage) by climate change, as well as other environmental protection measures and transport funding. Investments into clean energy infrastructures such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, smart distribution electricity grids and electricity storage will receive little more than one third of all climate action funding (Graph 5), around EUR 12.6 billion or 7% of all Cohesion Policy funding. Renewables and energy efficiency are key to both tackling climate change and eliminating fossil fuel dependency. Electricity interconnection and smart demand management is needed to incorporate the growing share of renewables. Given the significantly higher energy intensity in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe compared to the EU average (Graph 6) and the huge investment needed to replace the current carbon-intensive infrastructure, the planned allocations to energy efficiency, renewables and electricity distribution and storage appear rather unambitious. This is a lost opportunity, particularly in regard to the multiple benefits of investing into green energy transition: cut GHG emissions, improve public health, decrease costly energy 19 The so called ‘Rio Marker’ values of 0%, 40% or 100% climate relevance according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 215/2014 of 7 March 2014 14 ‘Climate’s enfants terribles: how new Member States’ misguided use of EU funds is holding back Europe’s clean energy transition’
GRAPH 7: Comparison of energy efficiency allocations for public building, housing, enterprises in 2007- 2013 and 2014-2020, Euro, 2014 prices. Source: our own calculations based on approved Operational Programmes according to categories of intervention GRAPH 8: Comparison of allocations for renewable energy sources in 2007-2013 and 2014-2020, Euro, 2014 prices. Source: Own calculations based on approved Operational Programmes according to categories of intervention CZ HR EE HU LV LT PL SK RO CZ HR EE HU LV LT PL SK RO Country 2007-2013 2014-2020 Country 2007-2013 2014-2020 CZ 615.000.000 1.946.794.585 HR n/a 321.810.805 EE 85.000.000 154.563.830 HU 155.000.000 1.159.078.519 LV 120.000.000 311.806.660 LT 315.000.000 465.942.000 PL 415.000.000 2.501.919.373 SK 90.000.000 698.775.034 RO n/a 1.251.170.213 CZ 270.000.000 53.439.383 HR n/a 95.000.000 EE 8.000.000 9.574.468 HU 200.000.000 875.953.632 LV 70.000.000 26.597.247 LT 40.000.000 329.868.111 PL 780.000.000 938.928.986 SK 95.000.000 169.000.000 RO n/a 94.787.234 imports and thus increase energy security, lower consumer and industrial energy bills, tackle energy poverty and create jobs. We welcome that a higher proportion of funds compared to the 2007-2013 period has been allocated for energy efficiency measures (Graph 7), and especially the introduction of the private housing sector as eligible recipients of EU funding, a necessary condition to tap the potential for energy savings. However, our analysis also shows that in several countries allocations for renewable energy sources are stagnant or even in decline (Graph 8). Of particular concern, is the fact that the majority of this support is planned for biomass (Graph 9). ‘Climate’s enfants terribles: how new Member States’ misguided use of EU funds is holding back Europe’s clean energy transition’ 15
Page 1 and 2: CLIMATE’S ENFANTS TERRIBLES HOW N
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 5 and 6: safeguard mechanism, the Strategic
Page 7 and 8: SLOVAKIA HUNGARY ROMANIA CROATIA Sl
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY
Page 11 and 12: EU FUNDS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUR
Page 13: LT RO SK HU CZ LV CEE EE PL HR 20.0
Page 17 and 18: GRAPH 10: Different types of energy
Page 19 and 20: GRAPH 12: Member States’ GHG emis
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 2: Criteria for renewable ene
Page 23 and 24: What EU money can’t buy: the gree
Page 25 and 26: 25% of production respectively 30 .
Page 27 and 28: are implemented through six Nationa
Page 29 and 30: track to carbon-neutral development
Page 31 and 32: It is also worth noting, that all O
Page 33 and 34: very specific - although mostly sil
Page 35 and 36: 110 billion in the optimal renovati
Page 37 and 38: whose ROP clearly prioritises commu
Page 39 and 40: aimed at modernising and building n
Page 41 and 42: The long and rocky path away from s
Page 43 and 44: GRAPH 21: Production of electricity
Page 45 and 46: CLIMATE ACTION: THE CASE FOR EU FUN
Page 47 and 48: GRAPH 23: Investment areas of Cohes
Page 49 and 50: could play a major role in replacin
Page 51 and 52: The missing pathway to long-term de
Page 53 and 54: intensity has decreased over the la
Page 55 and 56: achieving policy objectives. Such i
Page 57 and 58: change. Nevertheless, no specific c
Page 59 and 60: Considering the fact that renewable
Page 61 and 62: equires a more comprehensive assess
Page 63 and 64: A ‘green’ veneer, but at what c
Page 65 and 66:
NATIONAL GHG EMISSIONS The transiti
Page 67 and 68:
monopoly (which imports Russia`s ga
Page 69 and 70:
GRAPH 36: Cargo traffic by mode of
Page 71 and 72:
than that of deforestation, some ex
Page 73 and 74:
GRAPH 41: Energy efficiency allocat
Page 75 and 76:
Bring on the money, don’t ask for
Page 77 and 78:
GRAPH 43: Energy mix of the Czech R
Page 79 and 80:
Regarding the Europe 2020 emissions
Page 81 and 82:
the renewables share to 35%, the Cz
Page 83 and 84:
of commitment of public authorities
Page 85 and 86:
GRAPH 53: Share of transport modes
Page 87 and 88:
TABLE 12: Renewable energy output i
Page 89 and 90:
2007-2013 2014-2020 In the Enterpri
Page 91 and 92:
GRAPH 55: The different types of en
Page 93 and 94:
Finance for the energy transition -
Page 95 and 96:
ENERGY SECTOR OF SLOVAKIA: STEADY W
Page 97 and 98:
strategy until 2030, in 2012, but t
Page 99 and 100:
This support is very welcome as it
Page 101 and 102:
environmentally-friendly production
Page 103 and 104:
participation in assessment procedu
Page 105 and 106:
The Integrated Infrastructure OP se
Page 107 and 108:
THE DARK SIDE IS IN THE DETAILS Cli
Page 109 and 110:
GRAPH 60: Climate targets, scenario
Page 111 and 112:
GRAPH 64: Total climate allocations
Page 113 and 114:
EXPECTED COMPLEMENTARY FINANCING MO
Page 115 and 116:
Recommendations for the mid-term re
Page 117 and 118:
Notwithstanding a few exceptions, t
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c) Renewable energy sources Eligibl
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enewables in transport, as this tas
Page 123 and 124:
Annex II - Complementary financing
Page 125 and 126:
Going ‘super-green’, but not ri
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GRAPH 67: Energy mix 2013 - Gross i
Page 129 and 130:
OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL AND
Page 131 and 132:
cogeneration systems, monitoring sy
Page 133 and 134:
pollution levels and poor air quali
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line with the Europe 2020 targets a
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esidential sector and the usage of
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In the preparation phase, the mains
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of the Thematic Objective or progra
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Land of unfulfilled clean energy po
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hydropower plants (94%), and the ot
Page 147 and 148:
points to a need for the developmen
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and adaptation, disaster resilience
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significant biomass growing fields.
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ports (EUR 140 million), new and im
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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PLANNING, MONIT
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