FINISHED_Final_Notebook_Jones

Learning Goals: Describe the properties of the carbon atom that make the
diversities of carbon compounds possible.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zm9hvcw/revision
What is a homologous series?
A family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share
the same general formula.
First homologous series is Alkanes
Meth(ane) - natural gas | used for cooking and heating
Prop(ane) - used in gas cylinders for BBQ etc.
Oct(ane) - used in petrol for cars
General Formula is C H
(Names end in -ane)
n 2n+2
Saturated (single carbon bonds)
[M] - Monsters
[E] - Eat
[P] - Pupils
[B] - But
[P] - Prefer
[H] - Hairy
[H] - Haggis
[O] - Occasionally
[Meth]ane
[Eth]ane
[Prop]ane
[But]ane
[Pent]ane
[Hex]ane
[Hect]ane
[Oct]ane
Naming branched chain alkanes -
(Methyl-) - one carbon atom in the branch
(Ethyl-) - two carbon atoms in the branch
(Di-) - two branches
(Tri-) - three branches
Second homologous series is Alkenes(Names end in -ene)
General Formula is C n H2n
Contain double bonds, which makes them unsaturated
Third homolgous series is Cycloalkanes (Names start with cyclo- end in -ane)
General Formula is C n H (identical to Alkenes)
2n
Unlike Alkenes, they are saturated (only have single bonds)
Many cycloalkanes are used in motor fuel, natural gas, kerosene, diesel
and other heavy oils.
Combustion Reactions
All hydrocarbons can undergo a combustion reaction:
Formula: hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
What is an Isomer?
Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formulae but different structural
formulae. They have the same number of each type of atom but may have
different physical and chemical properties.
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