proceedings of the fourth us water jet conference - Waterjet ...

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significantly change the trend of the effect of standoff distance on volume removal, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Figure 4. Effect of standoff distance on volume removal rate (mild steel). Figure 5. Effect of standoff distance on volume removal rate (Aluminum) 7
Effect of Traverse Speed Increasing the traverse rate will result in reduced volume removal and depth of cut, Figure 6. However, volume removal rates may increase with increasing traverse speed. The additional requirement for milling is that the surfaces produced be regular. This has been observed to be dramatically controlled by the traverse speed. Increasing the traverse speed continually improves the depth uniformity of the produced slot. Measurements of the depth of cut produced at locations along the cut were made to determine the ranges by which depths of cut vary as a function of the traverse rate. Figure 6 shows an example of that effect. Figure 6. Effect of traverse rate on depth of cut and its uniformity. Measurements of depth of cut variation with traverse rate in the range from 16 to 160 mm/s were made on aluminum and mild steel with a variation range of 10 to 250 micron. Table 2 shows additional data on volume removal rates and energy consumed in cutting., The shapes of the produced slots were also observed to vary with varying traverse rates. Figure 7. Shows a diagrammatic representation of both the effects standoff distance and of traverse rate in the slot geometry. Dual-Jet Milling Nozzle Brief tests were conducted using a modified nozzle shape. This nozzle employs two parallel waterjets flowing into a single mixing chamber. The objective is to increase the effective width of the cutting jet. A total of 17 tests were conducted with this nozzle at different parameters as shown in Table 3. Comparison of results from Tables 2 ad 3 shown that the dual-jet concept is inefficient in material removal. This is due to the inefficiency of the mixing process, which utilizes a relatively large mixing tube (10 mm 8
Page 1 and 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH U.S. WATE
Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD The U.S. Water Jet Confere
Page 5 and 6: FIELD APPLICATIONS- MINING Water Je
Page 7 and 8: Figure 1. Abrasive-Waterjet Nozzle
Page 9 and 10: N2 = ⋅ 2 d 2 j mav N = 3 N 4 Sett
Page 11: • Although reasonable correlation
Page 15 and 16: Table 3. Material removal rate and
Page 17 and 18: Abrasive flow rate 7.5 g/s (maximum
Page 19 and 20: where u is the traverse rate in mm/
Page 21 and 22: Table 4 shows the results of additi
Page 23 and 24: this technique. The technique is al
Page 25 and 26: 12. Preece, C., editor, "Treatise o
Page 27 and 28: experiment was carried out to exami
Page 29 and 30: of changes in jet pressure, nozzle
Page 31 and 32: D = 0.0911 P 1.42 n 1.37 V −0.39
Page 33 and 34: Figure 8. Average Specific Energy V
Page 35 and 36: with the density of the material, o
Page 37 and 38: PERCUSSIVE JETS—STATE-OF-THE-ART
Page 39 and 40: This process of discharge modulatio
Page 41 and 42: has been demonstrated on all types
Page 43 and 44: 500 psig and 6,000 psig. Compressiv
Page 45 and 46: Figure 6. STATIC IMPACTS ON COMMERC
Page 47 and 48: not pursued because frequency, ampl
Page 49 and 50: 12. Ponchot, W.D., "Hydrodynamic Mo
Page 51 and 52: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT
Page 53 and 54: D.Rockwell, E.Naudascher, Thomas an
Page 55 and 56: Fig. 3 Flow model Hence we can comp
Page 57 and 58: amplitude decreases suddenly when c
Page 59 and 60: Where T: wave function period If we
Page 61 and 62: Fig.14 Variation of dimensionless r
Page 63 and 64:
EXPERIMENTAL RESULT ANALYSIS (1) Th
Page 65 and 66:
Fig.19 Amplification factor versus
Page 67 and 68:
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERJET
Page 69 and 70:
A piezoelectric transducer (Kistler
Page 71 and 72:
From the data obtained, it is clear
Page 73 and 74:
conjectured that this optimum signa
Page 75 and 76:
difference of impact forces with an
Page 77 and 78:
The pressure of the jet is not an i
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near the nozzle exit in the mixing
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etween 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. Full- fie
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earlier observations that cavitatio
Page 85 and 86:
Obstructed Conical Nozzle The nozzl
Page 87 and 88:
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF A W
Page 89 and 90:
An experimental mechanism was desig
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horn and the modification of the st
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ased on more detailed examination o
Page 95 and 96:
DEVELOPMENT OF CAVITATING JET EQUIP
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hole, a total 23 minutes was requir
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from 1.5 to 4 ft to be cut. Other f
Page 101 and 102:
Table 2 Summary of CCPC Pavement Cu
Page 103 and 104:
All of the experimental modules wer
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Figure 10. Effect of CAVIJET R cutt
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HYDRO DEMOLITION - TECHNOLOGY FOR P
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Figure 1. Air entrained concrete pr
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TABLE II used a mean rating because
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As work loads grew and costs escala
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inches deep of deteriorated bridge
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 6. Atlas Copco Conjet removi
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6. Total Ownership Cost Per Day $ 9
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ABRASIVE-WATERJET AND WATERJET TECH
Page 123 and 124:
Commercial nuclear power plant deco
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 3. Components of rotating no
Page 127 and 128:
shroud and catching system designed
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Figure 9. Effect of abrasive size.
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alternative abrasive material. The
Page 133 and 134:
four arms leading to nozzle holders
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surrounding grout, they tended to r
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12. Hashish, M. “Steel Cutting wi
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 1 Kerf test stand pressure v
Page 141 and 142:
Figure 3 Kerf area versus standoff
Page 143 and 144:
The ratio of kerf depth to width or
Page 145 and 146:
where: x c = u o d o ( ) (1) 4v e l
Page 147 and 148:
Depending on the rock type γ can v
Page 149 and 150:
CONICAL WATER JET DRILLING W. Dicki
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feed line. A conical cutting fluid
Page 153 and 154:
A second series of tests at the ful
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Figure 8. 6061-T6 aluminum cut with
Page 157 and 158:
serves to reduce tool wear (8). It
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Traverse speed is the velocity of t
Page 161 and 162:
Figure 4: Diagram illustrating the
Page 163 and 164:
The picture changes dramatically wh
Page 165 and 166:
Analysis of the residuals of these
Page 167 and 168:
5. Hood, M., "Cutting Strong Rock w
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hundred feet-per-second. At these v
Page 171 and 172:
Figure 1. Typical Nozzle Configurat
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Figure 5. Expanded Signal from an I
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where: V w = water velocity F = mea
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HYDRO-ABRASIVE CUTTING HEAD—ENERG
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Figure 3. Percentage of initial abr
Page 181 and 182:
Figure 6. Location of optimum recei
Page 183 and 184:
WATER JET ASSISTED LONGWALL SHEARER
Page 185 and 186:
• reduction of the proportion of
Page 187 and 188:
The conversion set for the shearer
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into account. As far as possible no
Page 191 and 192:
gal/yd 3 ). Another important influ
Page 193 and 194:
At approximately 2 m/s (393 fpm), a
Page 195 and 196:
Proceedings of the 8th Internationa
Page 197 and 198:
κ = permeability of rock at atmosp
Page 199 and 200:
operating parameters (P. V tr , etc
Page 201 and 202:
κ = permeability at 1 atm. pressur
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was substantial gain in the depth o
Page 205 and 206:
Figure 9. Plot of exposure rate aga
Page 207 and 208:
For nozzle C2, a = 0.5 x 10 4 and b
Page 209 and 210:
204
Page 211 and 212:
Deep drilling or slotting requires
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imparted by an air motor coupled to
Page 215 and 216:
Conventional rotary or percussive r
Page 217 and 218:
A RELATIVE CLEANABILITY FACTOR A. F
Page 219 and 220:
Relation [6] was used to derive the
Page 221 and 222:
which has been observed for much of
Page 223 and 224:
As part of a project to develop the
Page 225 and 226:
Figure 1. Cost per square foot clea
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Abrasive Feed Rate The effect of ab
Page 229 and 230:
Figure 4. Total cost per square foo
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3. Barker, C. R.; Mazurkiewicz, M.
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For our purposes here, we will lump
Page 235 and 236:
Surface condensers can be cleaned b
Page 237 and 238:
Some Powerlance customers have 20,0
Page 239 and 240:
system could be designed that was o
Page 241 and 242:
236
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ROTARY WATERBLAST LANCING MACHINES
Page 245 and 246:
Motors and Gearing An advantage of
Page 247 and 248:
The DuPont Company in LaPlace, Loui
Page 249 and 250:
Fig 3 Heavy duty Rotary Lancing Mac
Page 251 and 252:
D L - lower diameter of through hol
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Figure 1. A - single-pass, rough ke
Page 255 and 256:
The erosion process is stochastic i
Page 257 and 258:
three dimensional controlled erosio
Page 259 and 260:
This can only be regarded as a simp
Page 261 and 262:
approximately zero. Time constant T
Page 263 and 264:
Figure 12. Transients of HAJM cycli
Page 265 and 266:
T A = (f, h o, p, s o, f o, c, . .
Page 267 and 268:
SURFACE FINISH CHARACTERIZATION IN
Page 269 and 270:
FIG. 2 Force Sensor Designed for Cu
Page 271 and 272:
system can be used in the developme
Page 273 and 274:
Figure 8 Cutting Force versus Cutti
Page 275 and 276:
nearly at the center of the ceramic
Page 277 and 278:
ABRASIVE WATERJET CUTTING OF METAL
Page 279 and 280:
Figure 1. Experimental setup, inclu
Page 281 and 282:
Figure 3. Scanning microphotograph
Page 283 and 284:
Figure 8. Effect of cutting speed o
Page 285 and 286:
a. Scanning microphotograph, lOOOx
Page 287 and 288:
c. Silicon image 1000x Figure 16. S
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