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NESTORIUS : UNDERSTANDING INCARNATION PROF. M. M. NINAN give birth to a son, and you will name him Jesus. He will be very great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his ancestor David. 33And he will reign over Israel Greek over the house of Jacob. forever; his Kingdom will never end!” Mary asked the angel, “But how can this happen? I am a virgin.” he angel replied, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. So the baby to be born will be holy, and he will be called the Son of God. Born the son of Mary (Luke 1:31) and the son of “his father David” (Luke 1:32) while also being “the Son of the Most High” (Luke 1:32), “the Son of God” (Luke 1:35). That is, he would be fully human (son of Mary) while also being fully divine (Son of the Most High). The miracle the Holy Spirit brought to pass, then, was to conceive in Mary none other than the God-man, the the anthropic person, Jesus Christ, son of David and Son of God. The Gospel of John begins with these announcements: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God" (John 1:1). The whole gospel is a follow up on this identity of Jesus as God. Evidently by that time Jesus was worshiped as God all over the world including as far as India. It was written around AD 70. John stand witness for it: John 1:14 ”The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth. Jesus says: (John 8:23). "You are from below, I am from above; you are of this world, I am not of this world" In He told His disciples, "I came forth from the Father and have come into the world; I am leaving the world again and going to the Father." John 16:28 "What then, if you see the Son of Man ascending to where He was before?" (John 6:62). In His high-priestly prayer Jesus spoke of the glory which He had with the Father before the world existed (John 17:5). He claimed to have control over the eternal destinies of people (John 8:24; cf. Luke 12:8-9; John 5:22, 27-29), to have authority over the divinely-ordained institution of the Sabbath (Matthew 12:8; Mark 2:28; Luke 6:5), to have the power to answer prayer (John 14:13-14; cf. Acts 7:59; 9:10-17), and to have the right to receive worship and faith due to God alone (Matthew 21:16; John 14:1; cf. John 5:23). He also assumed the ability to forgive sins (Mark 2:5-11)—something which, as His shocked opponents correctly understood, only God can do (Mark 2:7). Jesus also called God's angels (Genesis 28:12; Luke 12:8-9; 15:10; John 1:51) His angels (Matthew 13:41; 24:30-31); God's elect (Luke 18:7; Romans 8:33) His elect (Matthew 24:30-31); and God's kingdom (Matthew 12:28; 19:24; 21:31; Mark 1:15; Luke 4:43; John 3:3) His kingdom (Matthew 13:41; 16:28; cf. Luke 1:33; 2 Timothy 4:1). When a Samaritan woman said to Him, "I know that Messiah is coming (He who is called Christ); when that One comes, He will declare all things to us" (John 4:25) Jesus replied, "I who speak to 25
NESTORIUS : UNDERSTANDING INCARNATION PROF. M. M. NINAN you am He" (John 4:26). Evidently he claimed himself to be the Messiah. In His high-priestly prayer to the Father, He referred to Himself as "Jesus Christ whom You have sent" (John 17:3); When asked at His trial by the high priest, "Are You the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?" (Mark 14:61) Jesus replied simply, "I am" (Mark 14:62). Where he used the ineffable name of YHVH “I am” and the High Priest declares that they have heard it directly from Jesus and he is guilty of blasphemy. Elsewhere Jesus used it to describe himself. When the Roman soldiers were brought to arrest Jesus in the Garden of Gathsemene when Jesus uttered that word “I am” the soldiers fell down.(John 18:5-8). He also accepted, without correction or amendment, the testimonies of Peter (Matthew 16:16-17), Martha (John 11:27), and others (e.g., Matthew 9:27; 20:30-31) that He was the Messiah. Though the word Messiah in itself mean only “One who is annointed” the prophecy of Isaiah makes Messiah identical with God. "His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace" (Isaiah 9:6). Jesus always used the title "Son of Man" (cf. Matthew 8:20; Mark 2:28; Luke 6:22; John 9:35-37, etc.). Although that title seems to stress His humanity, it also speaks of His deity in the context of . Daniel 7:13-14, where the Son of Man is on equal terms with God the Father, the Ancient of Days. “In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man,[a] coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all nations and peoples of every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed.” "All things have been handed over to Me by My Father," Jesus affirmed, "and no one knows the Son except the Father; nor does anyone know the Father except the Son, and anyone to whom the Son wills to reveal Him" (Matthew 11:27). In John 5:25-26 He said, "Truly, truly, I say to you, an hour is coming and now is, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. For just as the Father has life in Himself, even so He gave to the Son also to have life in Himself." When asked at His trial, "Are You the Son of God, then?" Jesus replied, "Yes, I am" (Luke 22:70; cf. Mark 14:61-62). Instead of rejecting the title, the Lord embraced it without apology or embarrassment (Matthew 4:3, 6; 8:29; Mark 3:11-12; Luke 4:41; John 1:49-50; 11:27). "The Jews answered [Pilate], 'We have a law, and by that law He ought to die because He made Himself out to be the Son of God'" (John 19:7). And in John 5:18 — "The Jews sought all the more to kill Him, because He not only broke the Sabbath, but also said that God was His Father, making Himself equal with God." 'Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am'" (John 8:58). . "I and the Father are one" (John 10:30); "He who sees Me sees the One who sent Me" (John 12:45); "He who has seen Me has seen the Father" (John 14:9-10). Thus Paul proclaims: "in Him dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily" (Colossians 2:9), we can worship Him accordingly as "our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus" (Titus 2:13). He is worshiped (Matt. 2:2, 11; 14:33) He was called God (John 20:28; Heb. 1:8) 26
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