EACVI Echo Handbook - sample

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Chapter 9 Right Heart Function and Pulmonary Artery Pressure 9.1 RV function 380 Right chamber imaging and views 380 RV measurements 381 RV function 382 Causes of RV dysfunction 382 Measures of RV function 383 Measures of RV function—longitudinal measures 384 Tricuspid annular plane systolic velocity (s’) 384 Measures of RV function—combined measures 385 Right atrial (RA) measurements 388 9.2 RV volume overload 389 Aetiology 389 Specific echocardiographic findings 389 9.3 RV pressure overload 391 Aetiology 391 How to measure RV pressures 391 RV pressures 392 Echocardiographic findings in acute PE (pulmonary embolism) 392 Echo findings in chronic PAH and secondary PH 393 Exercise testing for pulmonary hypertension 393 Reference values 394 Suggested reading 396 379
Chapter 9 Right Heart Function and Pulmonary Artery Pressure RV pressures Alternative measures of increased RV pressures are: ◆◆ Raised RVEDP calculated from the pulmonary regurgitation velocity on CW Doppler (Fig. 9.3.2) ◆◆ Short pulmonary acceleration time (time from start of ejection to peak flow) (Fig. 9.3.3) ◆◆ Notched RV outflow through pulmonary valve by PW Doppler (Fig. 9.3.4) Echocardiographic findings in acute PE (pulmonary embolism) ◆◆ A range of pulmonary vascular and RV findings may be observed. Normal PASP/RV function does not exclude PE ◆◆ PASP may be elevated and RV function may be impaired. Most frequently, reduced RV contraction occurs with little or no RV dilation ◆◆ McConnell’s sign (akinesis of the mid RV free wall) and other regional RV dysfunction are common and may be identified qualitatively or with strain/strain rate ◆◆ Combination of PAT < 60 ms and PASP < 60 mmHg (‘60/60 sign’) is relatively specific for PE + 11 mmHg + RAP Fig. 9.3.2 Raised RVEDP Fig. 9.3.3 Short pulmonary acceleration time short pulmonary acceleration time notched RV outflow Doppler trace Fig. 9.3.4 Notched RV outflow through pulmonary valve by PW Doppler 392
Page 2 and 3: The EACVI Echo Handbook
Page 4 and 5: The EACVI Echo Handbook Edited by P
Page 6 and 7: Foreword Echocardiography has been
Page 8 and 9: Contents Contributors Abbreviations
Page 10 and 11: 7 Heart valve disease 199 7.1 Aorti
Page 12 and 13: 13 Adult congenital heart disease 4
Page 14 and 15: Contributors Editors Bernard Cosyns
Page 16 and 17: AR aortic regurgitation ARDS acute
Page 18 and 19: IMH IVA IVC IVRT IVS LA LAA LAD LAX
Page 20 and 21: PLAX PMC PMC PML PNX PPG PR PrV PrV
Page 22 and 23: TAD TAPSE TAV TAVI TD TE TEVAR TGA
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 Examination 1.1 How to se
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1 Examination Gain Controls
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 1 Examination Focal positio
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 1 Examination A Continuous-
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 1 Examination A B C Strong
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 1 Examination 4. Adjust sam
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2 The Standard Transthoraci
Page 42 and 43: 2.6 The storage and report on trans
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 3 The Standard Transoesopha
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 3 The Standard Transoesopha
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 5 Assessment of Diastolic F
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 7 Heart Valve Disease 7.1 A
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 11 Cardiac Transplants Intr
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 13 Adult Congenital Heart D
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 15 Diseases of the Aorta In
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 17 Systemic Disease and Oth
Page 62 and 63: Index acute myocardial infarction (
Page 64 and 65: Index cardiorespiratory arrest 432-
Page 66 and 67: Index H haematochromatosis 555-6 ha
Page 68 and 69: Index mitral regurgitation (MR) 30-
Page 70 and 71: Index prosthetic valves (Cont.) mec
Page 72 and 73: Index suprasternal long-axis view 2
Page 74: Index valve disease see aortic regu

EACVI Echo Handbook - sample

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