................................................................................................................. 98 Fleischwirtschaft <strong>international</strong> 1_<strong>2018</strong> Research &Development Efficacy of various bind enhancing agents on the quality of extended restructured mutton chops Sensory Tab. 5: Effect of refrigerated storage on sensory attributes of aerobicallypackaged extended restructured mutton chops with optimum level of binders (Mean±S.E.)* Treatments Refrigerated storage period (days) Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 Day 15 General appearance Control 7.02±0.06 a2 6.89±0.06 ab2 6.80±0.08 bc1,2 6.61±0.08 d1,2 1% TSP 7.21±0.07 a2 6.92±0.08 b1,2 6.76±0.06 bc1,2 6.68±0.08 c1,2 1% FF 7.46±0.05 a1 7.10±0.08 b1 6.93±0.06 bc1 6.82±0.07 c1 0.5% GT 7.03±0.07 a2 6.80±0.07 b2 6.78±0.05 b1,2 6.54±0.06 c2 0.5% GA 7.04±0.06 a2 6.95±0.05 a1,2 6.63±0.07 b2 6.28±0.07 c3 Flavor Control 7.06±0.06 a 6.97±0.05 ab 6.84±0.06 bc 6.70±0.05 c 1% TSP 7.03±0.05 a 6.94±0.07 ab 6.82±0.06 b 6.78±0.10 c 1% FF 7.15±0.06 a 7.06±0.05 ab 6.94±0.05 b 6.67±0.10 c 0.5% GT 7.00±0.06 a 6.94±0.06 ab 6.81±0.05 bc 6.75±0.04 c 0.5% GA 7.00±0.06 a 6.93±0.07 ab 6.83±0.09 ab 6.74±0.06 b Binding Control 6.92±0.05 a2 6.83±0.07 ab2 6.79±0.07 ab2 6.67±0.08 b 1% TSP 7.32±0.07 a1 7.26±0.05 a1 6.98±0.04 b1 6.78±0.06 c 1% FF 7.33±0.06 a1 7.19±0.04 a1 6.91±0.09 b12 6.77±0.05 b 0.5% GT 7.32±0.06 a1 7.24±0.04 a1 6.96±0.04 b12 6.64±0.04 c 0.5% GA 7.28±0.05 a1 7.13±0.05 b1 6.87±0.03 c12 6.60±0.07 d Texture Control 6.92±0.05 a2 6.82±0.06 ab2 6.68±0.07 bc2 6.55±0.07 c2 1% TSP 7.30±0.04 a1 7.15±0.05 a1 6.91±0.05 b1 6.75±0.07 c1 1% FF 7.26±0.03 a1 7.07±0.06 b1 6.83±0.08 c1,2 6.71±0.05 c1,2 0.5% GT 7.32±0.04 a1 7.14±0.06 b1 6.96±0.07 c1 6.62±0.05 d1,2 0.5% GA 7.23±0.06 a1 7.07±0.05 a1 6.80±0.06 b1,2 6.64±0.06 b1,2 Juiciness Control 7.08±0.06 a 6.82±0.06 b 6.63±0.08 bc 6.50±0.09 c 1% TSP 7.27±0.07 a 6.98±0.06 b 6.77±0.08 c 6.62±0.08 c 1% FF 7.17±0.08 a 6.98±0.06 ab 6.80±0.08 b 6.57±0.06 c 0.5% GT 7.03±0.06 a 6.83±0.06 ab 6.64±0.09 bc 6.50±0.09 c 0.5% GA 7.03±0.06 a 6.88±0.07 a 6.61±0.08 b 6.44±0.07 b Overall acceptability Control 6.92±0.06 a1 6.89±0.06 a2 6.69±0.07 b2 6.42±0.07 c2 1% TSP 7.17±0.07 a1,2 6.97±0.07 b1,2 6.89±0.06 bc1 6.75±0.05 c1 1% FF 7.26±0.06 a1 7.13±0.04 a1 6.87±0.06 b1,2 6.63±0.05 c1 0.5% GT 7.22±0.04 a1,2 6.95±0.06 b2 6.87±0.04 b1,2 6.59±0.05 c1,2 0.5% GA 7.08±0.06 a2,3 6.90±0.05 b2 6.70±0.06 c2 6.58±0.07 c1,2 *Mean±S.E. with different superscripts row wise (alphabet) and column wise (numeral) differ significantly(P
Fleischwirtschaft <strong>international</strong> 1_<strong>2018</strong> 99 Research &Development in all products except the product with an optimum level of tamarind seed powder.The decrease in juiciness could be attributed to some loss of moisture during aerobic storage. There was asignificant decrease (P0.05) in the mean sensory scores of the overall acceptability.The overall acceptability of the products decreased, which was expected due to the increase in lipid oxidation, pigment oxidation and degradation of proteins and fats in extended restructured mutton chops with the advancement in storage period. Conclusion The incorporation of different bind enhancing agents in extended restructured mutton chops resulted in improved cooking yields and shear force values of the products as compared to control. The fat content was highest in the product incorporated with flaxseed flour (1%). The inclusion of tamarind seed powder (1%)and flaxseed flour (1%)not onlyimproved the binding and texture of the product but also led to an increased overall acceptability of the product. Water activity was recorded lowest for the product incorporated with tamarind seed powder (1%)indicating more shelf life of this product when compared to others. The microbiological study revealed that all products could be kept for 15 days at refrigeration temperature without any marked loss in their quality and sensory attributes. However, due to the anti-oxidant behavior of tamarind seed powder and flaxseed flour, their products showed better results. Therefore, tamarind seed powder and flaxseed flour were found to equallyefficacious in improving the binding of extended restructured mutton chops which in turn, will make the product more economicallyviable due to its cheaper cost. References 1. ANDERSON,D.M.W. and BRIDGEMAN,M.M.E. (1985): The composition of the proteinaceous polysaccharides exuded by Astragalus microcephalus , A. gummifer and A. kurdicus,the sources of turkish gum tragacanth. Phytochemistry 24 (10), 2301–2304. –2.ANNISON,G., TRIMBLE,R.P.and TOPPING,D.L. (1995): Feeding Australian acacia gums and gum arabic leads to non-starch polysaccharide accumulation in the cecum of rats. Journal of Nutrition 125 (2), 283–292. –3. AOAC (1995): Official Method of Analysis. 16 th Edn. Association of Officical Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC. –4.BERGLUND,D.R. (2002): Flax: new uses and demands. Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS press, Alexandria, VA,358–360. –5. BERRY,B.W. and STIFFLER, D.M. (1981):Effect of electric stimulator boiling temperature formulation and rate of freezing on sensory cooking chemical and physical properties of ground beef patties. J. Food Sci. 46, 1103–1106. –6.BILEK,E.and TURHAN,S.(2009): Enhancement of the nutritional status of beef patties by adding flaxseed flour.Meat Science 82, 472–477.–7.BOURNE,M.C. (1978): Texture profile analysis. J. Food Sci. 32, 62–67.– 8. CHEN,H.H., XU,S.Y.,and WANG,Z.(2004): Separation and purification of acidic polysaccharides and neutral polysaccharides in flaxseed gum. Journal of Food and Fermentation Industry 1, 96–100. –9.CHEN,H.H., XU,S.and WANG,Z.(2006): Gelation properties of flaxseed gum. Journal of Food Engineering 77, 295–303. –10. DUNCAN, D.B. (1995): Multiple range and multiple Ftest. Biometrics 1, 1–8. –11. FAO (2016): www.fao.org.Accessed on 14 Oct 2016.–12.FISCUS,A., HARRIS,J., ALBRECHT,J.A. and SCHEIDELER,S.E. (1999):Incorporation of Flaxseed into aMaster Mix and Evaluation of Banana Bread and Peanut Butter Cookies. JAmDiet Assoc. 99, A29. –13. HASRET,U. (2006): Effects of carrageenan and guar gum on the cooking and textual properties of low fat meatballs. Food Chemistry 95, 600–605. –14. ICMSF (1996): Microorganisms in Foods 5. Characteristics of Microbial Pathogens. Springer Science and Business Media, London, UK, 45–328. –15. JAY,J.M. (1996) In Modern food microbiology (4th ed.). New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors. –16. KEETON,J.T. (1983): Effect of fat and sodium chloride salt/ phosphate level on the chemical and sensory properties of pork patties. J. Food Sci. 48, 878–885. –17. KUMAR,A., MENDIRATTA, S.K., SEN,A.R., KANDEEPAN,G., TALUKDER,S., SHARMA,H., SONI,A., IRSHAD,A.and KUMAR,S. (2015a): Preparation and storage stability of meat spread developed from spent hens. Veterinary World 8 (5), 651–655. –18. KUMAR,A., MENDIRATTA,S.K., SEN,A.R., KANDEEPAN,G., TALUKDER,S., SHARMA,H.and CHAUDHARY,J.K. (2015b): Steam cooked meat spread: Anew Dimension to spent hen meat utilization. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 50 (3), 315–318.–19.KUMAR,S., MENDIRATTA,S.K., AGARWAL,R.K., SHARMA,H.and KUMAR,R.R. (2017): Qualityevaluation of muttonnuggets incorporated with optimized levelofflaxseed flour.Nutrition and Food Science 47 (1).–20. MARATHE,R.M., ANAPURE,U.S.,SINGHAL,R.S. and KULAKRNI,P.R. (2002):Gellingbehavior of ployose from tamarind seed polysaccharide. Food Hydrocolloids 16,423–426. –21.NATH,R.L., MAHAPATRA,C.M.,KONDAIAH,N., ANAND,S.K. andSINGH,J.M. (1995):Effect of level of chickenfat on the quality and storage life of chicken patties. Ind. J. Poult.Sci. 30, 52–57.–22. PELSER,W.M., LINSSEN,J.P.H., LEGGER,A.and HOUBEN,J.H. (2007): Lipid oxidation in n-3 fatty acid enriched Dutch style fermented sausages. Meat Science 75, 1–11. –23. RAMASAMY,G., SHARMA,B.D., SHARMA,H.and TALUKDER,S.(2014): Standardization of Processing Technologies for the Preparation of Restructured Buffalo Meat Steaks. JFood Process Technol 5, 366. doi: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000366. –24. RAZALI, N., MAT-JUNIT,S., ABDUL-MUTHALIB,A.F., SUBRAMANIAM,S.and ABDUL-AZIZ,A.(2012): Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica L. Food Chem. 131, 441–448. – 25. REITMER,C.A. and PRUSA,K.J. (1991):Composition, cooking loss, colour and compression of ground pork with dry and wet-milled corn germ proteins. J. Food Sci. 56, 216–219.–26. SHARMA,H., SHARMA,B.D., TALUKDER,S.and RAMASAMY,G.(2013): Utilization of Tamarind Seed Powder as Bind Enhancing Agent on the Quality of Extended Restructured Mutton Chops. Fleischwirtschaft International 5, 58–64. –27. SHARMA, H., SHARMA,B.D., TALUKDER,S.K., MENDIRATTA,S.K. and GIRIPRASAD,R.(2014a): Optimization of Processing Conditions and Level of Extenders Used for the Preparation of Extended Restructured Mutton Chops. Journal of Meat Science 10 (1),23–27.– 28. SHARMA,H., SHARMA,B.D., TALUKDER,S., MENDIRATTA,S., and KUMAR,R.R. (2014b): Effect of gum acacia on the product characteristics of extended restructured mutton chops. Indian Journal of Animal Research 48 (5), 504–508. –29. SHARMA,H., SHARMA, B.D., MENDIRATTA,S., TALUKDER,S.and RAMASAMY,G.(2014c): Efficacy of flaxseed flour as bind enhancing agent on the quality of extended restructured mutton chops. Asian-Aus JAnSci 27, 247.–30. SHARMA,H., SHARMA,B.D., TALUKDER,S.and RAMASAMY, G. (2015a): Utilization of gum tragacanth as bind enhancing agent in extended restructured mutton chops. JFood Sci Tech 52 (3), 1626–1633. –31. SHARMA,H., TALUKDER,S., SHARMA,B.D., GOSWAMI,M.and GIRIPRASAD,R.(2015b): Development and quality assessment of value added chicken fingers. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 50 (1),66–71. –32. SHARMA,H., MENDIRATTA,S.K., AGRAWAL,R.K., GURUNATHAN,K., KUMAR,S.and Singh,T.P.(2017a): Use of various essential oils as bio preservatives and their effect on quality of vacuum packaged fresh chicken sausages under frozen conditions. LWT–Food Science and Technology 81, 118–127. –33. SHARMA,H., MENDIRATTA,S.K., AGARWAL,R.K.,KUMAR,S.and SONI,A.(2017b): Evaluationofantioxidant and anti-microbial activity of various essential oils in fresh chicken sausages. Journal of Food Science and Technology 54 (2), 279–292. –34. SINGER, F.A.W., TAHA,F.S., MOHAMED,S.S., GIBRIEL,A.and E-NAWAWY,M.(2011): Preparation of protein/ mucilage products from flaxseed. American Journal Of Food Technology 6 (4), 260–278. –35. SINGH,R., CHATLI,M.K., BISWAS,A.K. and SAHOO,J.(2011): Quality of omega-3 fatty acids enriched low-fat chicken meat patties incorporated with selected levels of linseed flour/ oil and canola flour/ oil. JFood Sci Technol, doi 10.1007/s13197-011-0507-9. –36. SNEDECOR,G.W. and COCHRAN,W.G. (1995): Statistical methods, 8 th edn. IOWA, State University Press, Ames, IOWA. –37. TALUKDER,S., SHARMA,B.D., MENDIRATTA,S.K., MALAV,O.P., SHARMA,H.andGOKULAKRISHNAN,P.(2013): Development and evaluation of extended restructured chicken meat block incorporated with colocasia (Colocasia esculenta )flour.Journal of Food Processing and Technology 4 (2), doi: 10.4172/2157- 7110.1000207.–38. TARLADGIS,B.G., WATTS,B.M., YAUNATHAN,M.T. and DUGAN,L.R. (1960): Distillation methods for thequantitative determinationofmalonaaldehyde in rancid foods. J. Am Oil Chem Soc 37, 66–71. – 39. THOMAS,R., ANJANEYULU,A.S.R. and KONDAIAH,N.(2006): Quality and shelf life evaluation of emulsion and restructured buffalo meat nuggets at cold storage (4±1 o C). Meat Sci 72, 373–379. –40. TSAI,S.J., UNKLESBAY,N., UNKLESBAY,K.and CLARKE,N.(1998): Water and absorptive properties of restructured beef products with five binders at four isothermal temperatures. LWT–Food Science and Technology 31,78–83. Authors’ addresses Heena Sharma (corresponding author: s.heenavet@gmail.com), Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, India; B.D. Sharma and Suman Talukder, Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Meena Goswami Awasthi, Division of Livestock Products Technology, DUVASU, Mathura-281001,Uttar Pradesh, India, and Imran Ahmed Ganai, Programme Assistant, Mountain Research Centre for Sheep and Goat, Skuast-Kashmir, Srinagar-190025, Jammu &Kashmir, India