Stanton PhD Thesis final_docx - Atrium - University of Guelph

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Goldhawk, C., Chapinal, N., Veira, D. M., Weary, D. M. & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. 2009. Prepartum feeding behavior is an early indicator of subclinical ketosis. Journal of dairy science, 92, 4971-4977. Gonzalez-Jimenez, E. & Blaxter, K. L. 1962. The metabolism and thermal regulation of calves in the first month of life. British Journal of Nutrition, 16, 199-212. Hart, B. L. 1988. Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 12, 123. Huzzey, J. M., Veira, D. M., Weary, D. M. & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. 2007. Prepartum Behavior and Dry Matter Intake Identify Dairy Cows at Risk for Metritis. Journal of dairy science, 90, 3220-3233.. Jago, J. G., Krohn, C. C. & Matthews, L. R. 1999. The influence of feeding and handling on the development of the human–animal interactions in young cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 62, 137-151. Kent, J. E., Molony, V. & Graham, M. J. 2001. The Effect of Different Bloodless Castrators and Different Tail Docking Methods on the Responses of Lambs to the Combined Burdizzo Rubber Ring Method of Castration. The Veterinary Journal, 162, 250-254. Lauber, M. C. Y., Hemsworth, P. H. & Barnett, J. L. 2006. The effects of age and experience on behavioural development in dairy calves. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 99, 41-52. Maunsell, F. & Donovan, G. A. 2008. Biosecurity and Risk Management for Dairy Replacements. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 24, 155-190. Millman, S. T. 2007. Sickness behavior and its relevance to animal welfare assessment at the group level. Animal Welfare, 16, 123-125. Molony, V. & Kent, J. E. 1997. Assessment of acute pain in farm animals using behavioral and physiological measurements. Journal of animal science, 75, 266-272. Molony, V., Kent, J. E. & Robertson, I. S. 1993. Behavioural responses of lambs of three ages in the first three hours after three methods of castration and tail docking. Research in veterinary science, 55, 236-245. Molony, V., Kent, J. E. & McKendrick, I. J. 2002. Validation of a method for assessment of an acute pain in lambs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 76, 215-238. Müller, R. & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. 2006. Consistency of flight speed and its correlation to productivity and to personality in Bos Taurus beef cattle. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 99, 193-204. 53
Panivivat, R., Kegley, E. B., Pennington, J. A., Kellogg, D. W. & Krumpelman, S. L. 2004. Growth Performance and Health of Dairy Calves Bedded with Different Types of Materials. Journal of dairy science, 87, 3736-3745. Proudfoot, K. L., Huzzey, J. M. & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. 2009. The effect of dystocia on the dry matter intake and behavior of Holstein cows. Journal of dairy science, 92,. Schaefer, A. L., Cook, N. J., Church, J. S., Basarab, J., Perry, B., Miller, C. & Tong, A. K. W. 2007. The use of infrared thermography as an early indicator of bovine respiratory disease complex in calves. Research in veterinary science, 83, 376-384. Schrama, J. W., Arieli, A., Brandsma, H. A., Luiting, P. & Verstegen, M. W. 1993. Thermal requirements of young calves during standing and lying. Journal of animal science, 71, 3285- 3292. Snodgrass, D., Terzolo, H., Sherwood, D., Campbell, I., Menzies, J. & Synge, B. 1986. Aetiology of diarrhoea in young calves. Veterinary Record, 119, 31-34. Svensson, C. & Jensen, M. B. 2007. Short Communication: Identification of Diseased Calves by Use of Data from Automatic Milk Feeders. J.Dairy Sci., 90, 994-997. Todd, C. G. 2007. Effects of meloxicam (metacam) therapy on the behaviour of dairy calves with neonatal calf diarrhea complex. MSc Thesis thesis, University of Guelph,. Tyler, J. W., Hancock, D. D., Wiksie, S. E., Holler, S. L., Gay, J. M. & Gay, C. C. 1998. Use of Serum Protein Concentration to Predict Mortality in Mixed-Source Dairy Replacement Heifers. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 12, 79-83. USDA. 2010. Dairy 2007, Heifer Calf Health and Management Practices on U.S. Dairy Operations, 2007. #550.0110. USDA. 2009. Dairy 2007, Part V: Changes in Dairy Cattle Health and Management Practices in the United States, 1996-2007. # 519.0709. USDA. 2007. Dairy 2007, Part I: Reference of Dairy Cattle Health and Management Practices in the United States. #N480.1007. Weary, D. M., Huzzey, J. M. & von Keyserlingk, M. A. G. 2009. Board-invited review: Using behavior to predict and identify ill health in animals. J.Anim Sci., 87, 770-777. doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-1297. 54
Page 1 and 2:
AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF MANA
Page 3 and 4:
differences in weight gain or calf
Page 5 and 6:
3.2.2 Experimental Study Design 68
Page 7 and 8:
7.4.5 Culling and mortality prior t
Page 9 and 10:
Table 6.5: Reasons for death loss a
Page 11 and 12:
and season as fixed effects and for
Page 13 and 14: , which requires that “all calves
Page 15 and 16: ehaviour of dams challenged with LP
Page 17 and 18: In cattle, early disease detection
Page 19 and 20: increased rest and decreased appeti
Page 21 and 22: 1.4.2 Nutritional Stressors Dairy c
Page 23 and 24: humans, the metabolic rate increase
Page 25 and 26: Without human intervention, calves
Page 27 and 28: average group size of three or four
Page 29 and 30: al., 2004). Group composition and g
Page 31 and 32: first is the addition of antibiotic
Page 33 and 34: viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) bovine
Page 35 and 36: 1.7 CONCLUSION AND THESIS OBJECTIVE
Page 37 and 38: Buhman, M. J., L. J. Perino, M. L.
Page 39 and 40: Hemsworth, P. H., G. J. Coleman, J.
Page 41 and 42: Schein, M. W. and M. H. Fohrman. 19
Page 43 and 44: Waltner-Toews, D., S. W. Martin and
Page 45 and 46: ehavioural observations ( Borderas,
Page 47 and 48: and had access to ad libitum calf s
Page 49 and 50: may indicate abdominal discomfort,
Page 51 and 52: identified in 5% (40/788) of calves
Page 53 and 54: of diarrhea in calves on this farm
Page 55 and 56: The most common response to the vig
Page 57 and 58: at any observation period. For this
Page 59 and 60: 3 was associated with lower ADG rel
Page 61 and 62: of heifers to allow them to calve a
Page 63: 2.5 REFERENCES Al-Chaer, E. D. & Tr
Page 67 and 68: Table 2.2: List of exclusions used
Page 69 and 70: Table 2.4: The lsmeans ± S.E. of t
Page 71 and 72: Figure 2.1: Timeline describing tri
Page 73 and 74: Proportion of calves performing beh
Page 75 and 76: in a lower rate of vocalizations an
Page 77 and 78: sites. During the summer months bot
Page 79 and 80: treatment and weight gain category.
Page 81 and 82: pre-weaning calf starter intake, an
Page 83 and 84: Calves spent a total of 13 ± 6 (me
Page 85 and 86: calves were still allowed access to
Page 87 and 88: It was hypothesized that the more t
Page 89 and 90: calves to consume sufficient calf s
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.1: Descriptive list of obse
Page 93 and 94: Number of steps per day 7000 6000 5
Page 95 and 96: Number of lying bouts per day 35 30
Page 97 and 98: Weight gain (kgs) first 7 days post
Page 99 and 100: The concept of separating stressors
Page 101 and 102: were bedded with straw. While house
Page 103 and 104: 4.2.5 Data Collection Calf starter
Page 105 and 106: 4.3 RESULTS enrolment. On average,
Page 107 and 108: 4.3 DISCUSSION There was no effect
Page 109 and 110: 4.4 REFERENCES Chua, B., E. Coenen,
Page 111 and 112: Steps per day 2500 2000 1500 1000 5
Page 113 and 114: Appendix 4.1: Scoring sheet used fo
Page 115 and 116:
positive for M. bovis and 4 differe
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feedlots (Van Donkersgoed, 1992). I
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protocol included the identificatio
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(cases) and two calves closest in a
Page 123 and 124:
No statistical analysis was perform
Page 125 and 126:
5.4.3 Growth Three calves returned
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5.4.4 Testing for Mycoplasma Of the
Page 129 and 130:
may be an early sign of respiratory
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small number of unilateral ear droo
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evaluated for efficacy and carefull
Page 135 and 136:
5.6 REFERENCES Biddle, M. K., L. K.
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USDA. 2007. Dairy 2007, part II: Ch
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Table 5.2: Incidence and median age
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Table 5.4: Breakdown of the number
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Figure 5. 5.1: 1: Images taken from
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6.1 ABSTRACT Bovine respiratory dis
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efore entry into the milking herd o
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with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD). O
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6.3.3 Outcome Measures All calves w
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tests, or multiple partial F-tests,
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The effect of treatment on height a
Page 157 and 158:
this study involved continuing with
Page 159 and 160:
is important to emphasize that the
Page 161 and 162:
6.7 REFERENCES J. Carroll and N.E.
Page 163 and 164:
Table 6.1: Disease variables consid
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Table 6.3: Least squares means ( ±
Page 167 and 168:
Table 6.5: Reasons for death loss a
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER 7: THE IMPACT OF BOVINE RES
Page 171 and 172:
7.2 INTRODUCTION Bovine respiratory
Page 173 and 174:
days following study enrolment than
Page 175 and 176:
Age at First Calving Since age at f
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(Weaning, Transition, Grower 1, Gro
Page 179 and 180:
The excluded source farm resulted i
Page 181 and 182:
of calves with BRD60 survived to fi
Page 183 and 184:
7.4.8 Milk Production First Test Da
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BRD before 6 months of age decrease
Page 187 and 188:
BRD following movement to group hou
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calves with BRD60 were 1.5 (95% CI:
Page 191 and 192:
7.7 REFERENCES Correa, M. T., C. R.
Page 193 and 194:
Table 7.1: Calving Ease Scoring Sys
Page 195 and 196:
Table 7.3: Least-square means (± S
Page 197 and 198:
Table 7.5: Proportion of calves sur
Page 199 and 200:
Table 7.7: Producers primary reason
Page 201 and 202:
Table 7.9: Effect of BRD60 on calvi
Page 203 and 204:
Table 7.11: Distribution of heifers
Page 205 and 206:
Figure 7.2: Difference in least squ
Page 207 and 208:
Figure 7.4: Time to event analysis
Page 209 and 210:
CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE R
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Heifers with poor post-weaning grow
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strategic antimicrobial use was met
Page 215 and 216:
Specifically, How can disease sever
Page 217 and 218:
Does transportation, initial social
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