The Thirty Years' War - James Aitken Wylie

More documents

Recommendations

Info

those who began it, this war was holding its fearful course, as if it longed to gather beneath its scythe not the German people only, but the nations of Christendom. Now awoke a loud and universal cry for peace. Even Maximilian of Bavaria had grown weary of the war. The House of Austria was left alone in this great field of blood and corpses, and negotiations for peace were opened at Munster and Osnaburg. These negotiations proceeded slowly. The conflicting interests that had to be reconciled, and the deep-seated jealousies, antipathies, and bigotrys that had to be conquered, before the sword could be sheathed, were innumerable. The demands of the negotiating parties rose and fell according to the position of their arms. But at last the great victory – more glorious than any that had preceded it – was achieved. They were exchanging the last shots on the very spot where the first had been fired, namely at Prague, when a messenger brought the news that a peace had been concluded on the 24th of October, 1648. First of all, the new treaty confirmed the old ones of Passau and 208
Augsburg (1552-5), and declared that the interpretation now put upon them was to remain valid in spite of all protests, from any quarter whatsoever. But the new advanced a step beyond the old treaties, and gave still more important results. Besides a number of territorial and political concessions, such as giving Pomerania to Sweden, it extended Toleration to Calvinists as well as Lutherans. This was the crowning blessing which rose out of these red fields. And to this day the balance of power between Romanist and Protestant has remained substantially as it was fixed by the Pacification of Westphalia. Footnotes: 1. Swed. Intell., vol. 3., p. 200 – apud Chapman, p. 390. 2. Diet of Heilbronn – Swed. Intell., vol. 3., p. 312. 3. Schiller, vol. 2., p. 148. 4. Schiller, vol. 2., p. 170. Khevenhiller, vol. 12., p. 591. Forster, Wallenstein's Briefe, vol. 3., p. 30 – apud Chapman, p. 391. 209
Page 1 and 2:
THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR James Aitken
Page 3 and 4:
drama about to open, there was noth
Page 5 and 6:
its awful strife. The first grand s
Page 7 and 8:
and the Prince-bishops of Wurzburg,
Page 9 and 10:
needed; for the Old had to be displ
Page 11 and 12:
Deputies were summoned to Prague fr
Page 13 and 14:
moment the Emperor Matthias died, a
Page 15 and 16:
and virtue were offered up in the h
Page 17 and 18:
existence. Even when the army-roll
Page 19 and 20:
evolution of political results, how
Page 21 and 22:
eligious liberty to Protestants. In
Page 23 and 24:
Chapter 2 The Army and the Camp BEF
Page 25 and 26:
day of confusion. The light horsema
Page 27 and 28:
more substantial rampart. Immediate
Page 29 and 30:
the peace between the several regim
Page 31 and 32:
about in their huts, or to visit th
Page 33 and 34:
year of the war a cow might be boug
Page 35 and 36:
infected by the putrid bodies of de
Page 37 and 38:
Footnotes: 1. Gustav. Freytag, Jahr
Page 39 and 40:
defense. Some of them were surround
Page 41 and 42:
commerce of the West, diffused over
Page 43 and 44:
monger fled at the sound of his voi
Page 45 and 46:
soldiery were endless, and complian
Page 47 and 48:
They saw terrible sights in the sky
Page 49 and 50:
evenge. How sad the change! The woo
Page 51 and 52:
The clergy were the chief consolers
Page 53 and 54:
honor. His successor, John Schmidt,
Page 55 and 56:
of a cave, which is overshadowed by
Page 57 and 58:
Chapter 4 Conquest of North Germany
Page 59 and 60:
uncontrolled in things spiritual, a
Page 61 and 62:
approach of evil days! We behold ze
Page 63 and 64:
magnificent palace was partially bu
Page 65 and 66:
only useless it gave it even an air
Page 67 and 68:
wisdom could say. At this moment th
Page 69 and 70:
that moment he had on his hands a w
Page 71 and 72:
of the Protestant Confederacy makes
Page 73 and 74:
esolute will, and a heart which amb
Page 75 and 76:
servants and baggage; sixty carriag
Page 77 and 78:
een born to possess. He followed hi
Page 79 and 80:
anything. The royal permission was
Page 81 and 82:
Count Mansfeld set about executing
Page 83 and 84:
capable of opposing them, resumed t
Page 85 and 86:
assumed the title of "Admiral of th
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 5 Edict of Restitution THE
Page 89 and 90:
of Augsburg in 1555, when a propose
Page 91 and 92:
Augsburg. This was eminently a city
Page 93 and 94:
and recover for Rome the Kingdoms o
Page 95 and 96:
constitution -- namely, one king,,
Page 97 and 98:
Other parties came forward to urge
Page 99 and 100:
y the ambassadors of France and of
Page 101 and 102:
was stepping upon the shore of Nort
Page 103 and 104:
alarm the troops of the League and
Page 105 and 106:
never been before, ready to engage
Page 107 and 108:
of the enterprise was immense, and
Page 109 and 110:
When at length he found words, the
Page 111 and 112:
look of their beloved sovereign. Co
Page 113 and 114:
that of the Reformed faith? This it
Page 115 and 116:
exchanged their plundering habits f
Page 117 and 118:
He now turned his victorious arms t
Page 119 and 120:
effort to recover the much of which
Page 121 and 122:
the hand of the northern stranger t
Page 123 and 124:
Footnotes: 1. Chapman, p. 196. 2. L
Page 125 and 126:
ditches. The commerce on its river
Page 127 and 128:
Magdeburg's heroic defense and trag
Page 129 and 130:
egiment of his soldiers. Faction, u
Page 131 and 132:
discover the Swedish banners on the
Page 133 and 134:
having been foreseen, no plan of re
Page 135 and 136:
Some of the officers of the League,
Page 137 and 138:
he said, the moment he heard of the
Page 139 and 140:
protracted. "If we decide upon a ba
Page 141 and 142:
wind was blowing from the west, and
Page 143 and 144:
ullet, and were trampled into the b
Page 145 and 146:
Chapter 8 Conquest of the Rhine and
Page 147 and 148:
still doubtful, the Swedish monarch
Page 149 and 150:
Upsala. This formed some compensati
Page 151 and 152:
going on, treaties were being frame
Page 153 and 154:
from destruction he had undertaken
Page 155 and 156:
e restored. 10th. Out of gratitude
Page 157 and 158: attle. It delights us to be able to
Page 159 and 160: emperor to tell him that the army w
Page 161 and 162: who was but too glad of an excuse f
Page 163 and 164: The king left Augsburg next day, an
Page 165 and 166: were expiring on the highway: the m
Page 167 and 168: the order of battle, and waiting th
Page 169 and 170: the third was wavering, Wallenstein
Page 171 and 172: own life." A page assisted him to d
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 9 Death of Gustavus Adolphu
Page 175 and 176: imperial center were now attacked,
Page 177 and 178: the battle to wax in fury, the near
Page 179 and 180: to flee; but when his messengers sa
Page 181 and 182: with blood and wounds. The king had
Page 183 and 184: which strike like a hand from heave
Page 185 and 186: who had grown up around him; in the
Page 187 and 188: These unworthy princes put away fro
Page 189 and 190: wore according to the fashion of th
Page 191 and 192: of Rome: this he did. The battle of
Page 193 and 194: mainly to the man who had laid down
Page 195 and 196: quicker dispatch to all his plans.
Page 197 and 198: the scene of their triumphs. They c
Page 199 and 200: promised this dignity to Wallenstei
Page 201 and 202: of the company rose and gave as a t
Page 203 and 204: the field, 80 cannon, 4,000 wagons,
Page 205 and 206: guilty of a shameful abandonment of
Page 207: victorious Swedes, pouring over the
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 11 The Fatherland After the
Page 213 and 214: they marched out, and ascended the
Page 215 and 216: the cry of the wolf at the yard-gat
Page 217 and 218: to pay 5,500 guldens of war indemni
Page 219 and 220: assembly, wearing green wreaths, an
Page 221 and 222: prisons; travelers who had been plu
Page 223 and 224: single inhabited dwelling. A messen
Page 225: Footnotes: 1. Gustav. Freytag, pp.
show all

The Thirty Years' War - James Aitken Wylie

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?