The Thirty Years' War - James Aitken Wylie

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and monasteries, in short all the property and goods which had belonged to the Romish Church, and which since the Religious Peace of Passau had been taken possession of by the Protestants, should be restored. This was a revolution the extent of which it was not easy to calculate, seeing it overturned a state of things which had existed for now nearly a century, and implied the transference of an amount of property so vast as to affect almost every interest and person in Germany. "It was a coup-d'etat as furious," says Michiels, "as if the French were now to be asked to restore the clerical property seized during the Revolution."[1] Part of that property went to the payment of the Protestant ministers: good part of it was held by the princes; in some cases it formed the entire source of their revenue; its restitution would beggar some of them, and irritate all of them. The princes might plead that the settlement which this edict proposed to overturn had lasted now seventy-five years; that it had been acquiesced in by the silence of four preceding emperors, and that these secularizations had received a legal ratification at the Pacification 88
of Augsburg in 1555, when a proposed clause enjoining restitution had been rejected. They might farther plead that they were entitled to an equal share in those foundations which had been contributed by their common ancestors, and that the edict would disturb the balance of the constitution of Germany, by creating an overwhelming majority of Popish votes in the Diet. The hardships of the edict were still farther intensified by the addition of a clause which touched the conscience. Popish landed proprietors were empowered to compel their vassals to adopt their religion, or leave the country. When it was objected that this was contrary to the spirit of the Religious Peace, it was coolly replied that "Catholic proprietors of estates were no farther bound than to allow their Protestant subjects full liberty to emigrate."[2] Commissaries were appointed for carrying out the edict; and all unlawful possessors of church benefices, and all the Protestant States without exception, were ordered, under pain of the ban of 89
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THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR James Aitken
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drama about to open, there was noth
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its awful strife. The first grand s
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and the Prince-bishops of Wurzburg,
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needed; for the Old had to be displ
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Deputies were summoned to Prague fr
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moment the Emperor Matthias died, a
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and virtue were offered up in the h
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existence. Even when the army-roll
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evolution of political results, how
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eligious liberty to Protestants. In
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Chapter 2 The Army and the Camp BEF
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day of confusion. The light horsema
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more substantial rampart. Immediate
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the peace between the several regim
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about in their huts, or to visit th
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year of the war a cow might be boug
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infected by the putrid bodies of de
Page 37 and 38: Footnotes: 1. Gustav. Freytag, Jahr
Page 39 and 40: defense. Some of them were surround
Page 41 and 42: commerce of the West, diffused over
Page 43 and 44: monger fled at the sound of his voi
Page 45 and 46: soldiery were endless, and complian
Page 47 and 48: They saw terrible sights in the sky
Page 49 and 50: evenge. How sad the change! The woo
Page 51 and 52: The clergy were the chief consolers
Page 53 and 54: honor. His successor, John Schmidt,
Page 55 and 56: of a cave, which is overshadowed by
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 4 Conquest of North Germany
Page 59 and 60: uncontrolled in things spiritual, a
Page 61 and 62: approach of evil days! We behold ze
Page 63 and 64: magnificent palace was partially bu
Page 65 and 66: only useless it gave it even an air
Page 67 and 68: wisdom could say. At this moment th
Page 69 and 70: that moment he had on his hands a w
Page 71 and 72: of the Protestant Confederacy makes
Page 73 and 74: esolute will, and a heart which amb
Page 75 and 76: servants and baggage; sixty carriag
Page 77 and 78: een born to possess. He followed hi
Page 79 and 80: anything. The royal permission was
Page 81 and 82: Count Mansfeld set about executing
Page 83 and 84: capable of opposing them, resumed t
Page 85 and 86: assumed the title of "Admiral of th
Page 87: Chapter 5 Edict of Restitution THE
Page 91 and 92: Augsburg. This was eminently a city
Page 93 and 94: and recover for Rome the Kingdoms o
Page 95 and 96: constitution -- namely, one king,,
Page 97 and 98: Other parties came forward to urge
Page 99 and 100: y the ambassadors of France and of
Page 101 and 102: was stepping upon the shore of Nort
Page 103 and 104: alarm the troops of the League and
Page 105 and 106: never been before, ready to engage
Page 107 and 108: of the enterprise was immense, and
Page 109 and 110: When at length he found words, the
Page 111 and 112: look of their beloved sovereign. Co
Page 113 and 114: that of the Reformed faith? This it
Page 115 and 116: exchanged their plundering habits f
Page 117 and 118: He now turned his victorious arms t
Page 119 and 120: effort to recover the much of which
Page 121 and 122: the hand of the northern stranger t
Page 123 and 124: Footnotes: 1. Chapman, p. 196. 2. L
Page 125 and 126: ditches. The commerce on its river
Page 127 and 128: Magdeburg's heroic defense and trag
Page 129 and 130: egiment of his soldiers. Faction, u
Page 131 and 132: discover the Swedish banners on the
Page 133 and 134: having been foreseen, no plan of re
Page 135 and 136: Some of the officers of the League,
Page 137 and 138: he said, the moment he heard of the
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protracted. "If we decide upon a ba
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wind was blowing from the west, and
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ullet, and were trampled into the b
Page 145 and 146:
Chapter 8 Conquest of the Rhine and
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still doubtful, the Swedish monarch
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Upsala. This formed some compensati
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going on, treaties were being frame
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from destruction he had undertaken
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e restored. 10th. Out of gratitude
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attle. It delights us to be able to
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emperor to tell him that the army w
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who was but too glad of an excuse f
Page 163 and 164:
The king left Augsburg next day, an
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were expiring on the highway: the m
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the order of battle, and waiting th
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the third was wavering, Wallenstein
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own life." A page assisted him to d
Page 173 and 174:
Chapter 9 Death of Gustavus Adolphu
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imperial center were now attacked,
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the battle to wax in fury, the near
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to flee; but when his messengers sa
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with blood and wounds. The king had
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which strike like a hand from heave
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who had grown up around him; in the
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These unworthy princes put away fro
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wore according to the fashion of th
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of Rome: this he did. The battle of
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mainly to the man who had laid down
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quicker dispatch to all his plans.
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the scene of their triumphs. They c
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promised this dignity to Wallenstei
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of the company rose and gave as a t
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the field, 80 cannon, 4,000 wagons,
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guilty of a shameful abandonment of
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victorious Swedes, pouring over the
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Augsburg (1552-5), and declared tha
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Chapter 11 The Fatherland After the
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they marched out, and ascended the
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the cry of the wolf at the yard-gat
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to pay 5,500 guldens of war indemni
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assembly, wearing green wreaths, an
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prisons; travelers who had been plu
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single inhabited dwelling. A messen
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Footnotes: 1. Gustav. Freytag, pp.
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The Thirty Years' War - James Aitken Wylie

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