Енглески језик, Way up 1 Intermediate 1, уџбеник и радна свеска за енглески језик у првом разреду гимназије, Klett

2D Skills enhancement
Part I Reading
1 This exercise gives you an example of
the kind of task which is sometimes
used for testing, but which gives you
useful skills practice and lets you
develop your ability to read more
quickly and more efficiently. You are
not expected to understand every
word. Read the text in order to answer
just those questions you are asked.
In the text, 8 parts of sentences have
been removed. Choose from phrases
A–J the ONE that fits each gap 1–9.
There is one extra phrase you do not
need. 1 is an example.
A to finance their degrees
B in the mornings than in
the afternoons
C in key subjects like English
and maths
D not start their classes until
afternoon
E students performed better in
the mornings
F to considerable dangers from
sleep deprivation
G as they get older
H sleeping late in the morning
I reduced rates of truancy and
depression
J much later than in adults
2 A In a small group, compare your
answers.
B Think about your experience of
doing the exercise. Did you have any
of these problems? Add your own
problems.
1 I never have enough time!
By the time I’ve read the
text, and started putting in
the answers, time’s up and
I haven’t done them all!
2 I start putting in the answers,
then I find I can’t fit the rest
in. Some expressions don’t
seem to go anywhere, and I
get confused.
3 When I come across words
I don’t understand, I can’t
get the meaning of the
whole paragraph.
My problems:
Making teens start school
in the morning is ‘cruel’,
brain doctor claims
Teenage students should start school in the afternoon because making
them turn up in the morning is “cruel”, a top brain doctor has claimed.
Professor Russell Foster said teens would achieve more if they were
allowed to have a lie-in and (1 D ). The Oxford University neuroscientist
said grumpy teenagers follow different sleep patterns from adults –
making them more alert in the afternoon than in the morning. And he
said German and American schools which switched to later start times
had experienced improved success in exams and (2 ).
Prof Foster said that forcing teenagers to turn up to school in the morning
could result in more errors, poor memory, reduced motivation and
depression. Allowing secondary school students a lie-in on the other hand
would improve performance (3 ).
“It is cruel to impose a cultural pattern on teenagers that makes them
underachieve,” he told a conference at the University of Wales in Cardiff.
“Most school regimes force teenagers to function at a time of day that
is not ideal and many university students are exposed (4 ).”
Prof Foster, Oxford University’s head of circadian neuroscience – the
study of how the daily routine affects the brain – said the time at which
children become fully awake gets progressively later (5 ). The pattern
continues until the age of 20, when it begins to reverse, making adults
more alert in the mornings.
His comments back up research published last year which recommended
that schools and universities should not start until 11 am because
teenagers were in a “permanent state of jet-lag”. The American study
found that teenagers’ biological clocks run later because a hormone
known as melatonin, which promotes sleepiness, starts to be secreted
in the brain (6 ). The researchers found that students’ performance
in exams also went down when they sat them in the morning compared
to the afternoon.
Prof Foster said: “Teenagers’ body clocks can be delayed between two
and four hours and they don’t start to function until 10 am or as late as
noon. He said the problem was worse in Britain where many students
work long hours in part-time jobs (7 ).
But teachers’ leaders disagreed with the Prof Foster’s views – saying
they believed (8 ). National Association of Head Teachers director
Anna Brychan said: “Our members are interested in anything which
throws new light on the best way of helping young people develop their
creative faculties. But many teachers will say they find their classes
infinitely more receptive to new ideas (9 ).” A teacher’s union official
Geraint Davies said: “Schools have been trying to tackle this issue for
years but have found students are more attentive in the morning.”
14
Забрањено је репродуковање, умножавање, дистрибуција, објављивање, прерада и друга употреба овог ауторског дела или његових делова у било ком обиму и поступку, укључујући
фотокопирање, штампање, чување у електронском облику, односно чињење дела доступним јавности жичним или бежичним путем на начин који омогућује појединцу индивидуални приступ делу
са места и у време које он одабере, без писмене сагласности издавача. Свако неовлашћено коришћење овог ауторског дела представља кршење Закона о ауторском и сродним правима.