Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

COLONOSCOPY AND FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY 169
through tubing attached to the suction port on the umbilical.
Push the suction valve and also cover the biopsy port during this
procedure to avoid unpleasant (refluxed) surprises.
FURTHER READING
General sources
Rex DK. Colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am 2000; 10:
135–60.
Sivak MV Jr, ed. Gastroenterologic Endoscopy, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: WB
Saunders, 1995.
Waye JD, Rex DK., Williams CB. Colonoscopy. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,
2003.
Preparation, medication and management
Axon AT, Beilenhoff U, Bramble MG et al. Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob
disease (vCJD) and gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy; 2001; 33:
1070–80.
Bell GD. Premedication, preparation, and surveillance. Endoscopy 2002;
34: 2–12.
Eckardt VF, Kanzier G, Willems D, Eckardt AJ, Bernhard G. Colonoscopy
without premedication versus barium enema: a comparison of patient
discomfort. Gastrointest Endosc 1996; 44: 177–180.
Fleischer D. Monitoring the patient receiving conscious sedation for
gastrointestinal endoscopy: issues and guidelines. Gastrointest Endosc
1989; 35: 262–5.
Hussein AMJ, Bartram CI, Williams CB. Carbon dioxide insufflation for
more comfortable colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1984; 30: 68–70.
Kim LS, Koch J, Yee J, Halvorsen R, Cello JP, Rockey DC. Comparison of
patients’ experiences during imaging tests of the colon. Gastrointest
Endosc 2001; 54(1): 67–74.
Martin JP, Sexton BF, Saunders BP, Atkin WS. Inhaled patient-administered
nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture does not impair driving ability
when used as analgesia during screening flexible sigmoidoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 51: 701–703.
Saunders BP, Fukumoto M, Halligan S Patient-administered nitrous
oxide/oxygen inhalation provides effective sedation and analgesia
for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1994; 40: 418–21.
Stevenson GW, Wilson JA, Wilkinson J, Norman G, Goodacre RL. Pain
following colonoscopy: elimination with carbon dioxide. Gastrointest
Endosc 1992; 38: 564–7.
Techniques and indications
Arigbabu AO, Badejo OA, Akinola DO. Colonoscopy in the emergency
treatment of colonic volvulus in Nigeria. Dis Colon Rectum 1985; 28:
795–8.