the Aviation Dictionary

three: one that cuts to the left, one that cuts to the right,
and one that cuts straight.
hand tools - A general name for all of the
hand-operated tools used in the performance of
maintenance.
hand-bending tools - A hand-operated, tube-bending
tool consisting of a clamp, a radius block, and a sliding
bar. It is used to bend thin-wall aluminum alloy or
copper tubing in such a way that it does not collapse
the &be.
handbook - A manual that describes simple operations
or a system of operations. A handbook normally does
not contain specific detailed information on the
maintenance of such systems.
hand-cranked inertia starter - A starter that uses a
hand crank to store energy in a spinning flywheel. The
crank is geared to the flywheel through a high-ratio
gear system so that the flywheel can be spun at a high
speed. The flywheel is coupled by a clutch to the
crankshaft of the engine for starting.
handoff - An action taken to transfer the radar
identification of an aircraft from one controller to
another if the aircraft will enter the receiving
controller's airspace and radio communications with
the aircraft will be transferred.
hangar - A building used for the purpose of housing
and maintaining aircraft.
hangar queen - Slang, for an aircraft that is frequently
non-airworthy and spends a lot of time in the hangar. In
the military or commercial aviation, these aircraft are
frequently robbed of parts to keep other aircraft
airworthy, thus prolonging the status of the hangar
queen. Also referred to as an orphaned airplane.
hard - The condition of a material when it is compact,
solid, and difficult to bend or deform.
hard landing - An improper landing of an aircraft that
has transmitted undue stresses into the structure. The
degree of a landing's hardness determines the type of
special inspection that will be performed to determine
if there is structural damage to the aircraft.
hard X-rays - The degree of the penetration power of
an X-ray as determined by the amount of voltage that is
applied to the anode of the X-ray tube. The higher the
voltage, the greater its penetrating power.
hardboard - A wood composition material
manufactured by bonding sawdust and chips of wood
with an adhesive under heat and pressure.
hard-drawn copper wire - Copper wire that has been
pulled through dies to reduce its diameter to a
predetermined size. Pulling the wire also hardens the
wire and increases its tensile strength.
hand tools hazardous attitudes
hardenability - In a ferrous alloy, the property of metal
that determines the depth and distribution of hardness
induced by heat treatment and quenching or by cold
working.
hardened steel - Steel that has been hardened by a
process of heating the steel above its critical
temperature then quenching it in brine, water, or oil.
Although the hardened steel is very strong, it is also
brittle.
hardener - A chemical constituent of an adhesive that
promotes its setting and hardening.
hardening - 1. A heat treatment of metal that increases
its brittleness as well as its resistance to abrasion while
it decreases its ductility and malleability. 2. Aluminum:
The process of increasing the strengthand hardness of
aluminum after it has been solution-heat treated. Age
hardening takes several days at room temperature until
the metal reaches its full hard state. 3. Steel: A process
whereby steel is made hard and brittle by heating it to a
temperature above its critical temperature and
immediately - quenching - - it in water or oil.
hard-facing - A process of welding, plating, or spraying
a hard material such as carbide on the surface of a tool
to increase its hardness and to keep the tool from
wearing.
hardness - The property of a metal that enables it to
resist penetration, wear, or cutting actions.
hardness test - An evaluation of the hardness of a
material by measuring the depth of penetration of a
specially shaped probe under a specified load. The
surface hardness of aluminum alloy parts such as brake
housings and wheels can be measured to determine
whether or not their heat treatment has been affected by
overheating.
hardware - The nuts, bolts, screws, rivets, etc.
necessary for assembling - - parts.
hardwood -A
Aircraft Technical Book Company
P.O. Box 270
Tabernash, CO 80478
http:llwww.ACTechbooks.com
wood with compact texture.
harmonic - A frequency of vibration that is an even
multiple of the fundamental of another vibration
frequency.
harness satin - A weaving pattern producing a satin
appearance. See also eight-hamess satin and fourharness
satin.
Hartley oscillator - An electronic oscillator that
produces its feedback through a tapped inductor.
have numbers -Used by pilots to inform ATC that they
have received runway, wind, and altimeter information
only.
hazardous attitudes - Studies have identified five
hazardous attitudes that can interfere with a pilot's
ability to make sound decisions and exercise authority
properly. The five hazardous attitudes are anti-