the Aviation Dictionary

torching . tow hook
torching - Long plumes of flame extending from the
exhaust stack caused by an excessively rich mixture
and traces of unburned fuel remaining in the exhaust.
This unburned fuel will not ignite until oxygen in the
air of the exhaust system mixes with the charge.
tornado - A violently rotating column of air, which
appears as a pendant from a cumulonimbus cloud, and
nearly always observable as "funnel-shaped." Tt is the
most destructive of all small-scale atmospheric
phenomena.
toroidal wound coil -An electrical coil wound around a
ring or doughnut-shape core.
torque - 1. A resistance to turning or twisting. 2. Forces
that produces a twisting or rotating motion. 3. In
rotorcraft, in helicopters with a single, main rotor
system, the tendency of the helicopter to turn in the
opposite direction of the main rotor rotation.
torque limited - A limitation placed on the drive train
of a helicopter in regards to power output of the engine.
torque link - The hinged
linkage between the piston
and cylinder of an oleo
shock strut. The piston
moves in and out, but is
restrained from rotating.
Also referred to as
scissors.
toss-up - A question where all the alternative answers
are equally good.
total drag - The sum of parasite and induced drag.
total estimated elapsed time [ICAO] - For IFR flights,
the estimated time required from takeoff to arrive over
that designated point, defined by reference to
navigation aids, from which it is intended that an
instrument approach procedure will be commenced, or,
if no navigation aid is associated with the destination
aerodrome, to arrive over the destination aerodrome.
For VFR flights, the estimated time required from
takeoff to arrive over the destination aerodrome.
total pressure - The pressure a moving fluid would
have if it were stopped. No losses are considered.
total temperature - A temperature measurement of air
in motion. The total of static temperature plus
temperature rise due to ram effect.
totalizer - A single fuel quantity gauge that indicates
the total of fuel in all of the fuel tanks.
touch and go - An aircraft training technique in which
the pilot practices a series of landings and takeoffs
without coming to a complete stop. As the airplane
lands, the pilot advances the power for another takeoff
and go-around.
touch-and-go landing - See touch-and-go.
touchdown - 1. The point at which an aircraft first
torque nose - A makes contact with the landing surface. 2. Concerning
mechanism or apparatus at the nose section of the a precision radar approach (PAR), it is the point where
engine that senses the engine torque and activates a the glide path intercepts the landing surface.
torquemeter.
touchdown RVR - The runway visual range (RVR)
torque tube - A tubular member of a control system visibility readout values obtained from RVR equipment
used to transmit torsional movement to the control.
serving the runway touchdown zone.
torque wrench - A precision hand tool used to measure
the amount of torque applied to a bolt or nut.
torquemeter - An indicator used on some large
reciprocating engines or on turboprop engines to
indicate the amount of torque the engine is producing.
torquemeter indicator - A turboprop or turboshaft
cockpit instrument used to indicate engine power
output. The propeller or rotor inputs a twisting force to
an electronic or oil operated torquemeter that sends a
signal to the indicator.
torsion - An external stress that produces twisting
within a body.
torsional force - A twisting force. Torsional forces act
on a rotating propeller as the result of aerodynamic
twisting force and tensile forces that try to pull it apart.
touchdown zone - The first 3,000 feet of the runway
beginning at the threshold. The area is used for
determination of Touchdown Zone Elevation in the
development of straight-in landing minimums for
instrument approaches.
touchdown zone [ICAO]- The portion of a runway,
beyond the threshold, where it is intended landing
aircraft first contact the runway.
touchdown zone elevation - The highest elevation in
the first 3,000 feet of the landing - surface. TDZE is
indicated on the instrument approach procedure chart
when straight-in landing minimums are authorized.
touchdown zone lighting - See airport lighting.
toughness - The property of a metal that allows it to be
deformed without breaking.
torsional strength - The strength of a material in a tow -In composites, an untwisted bundle of filaments.
direction that opposes a twisting force.
tow hook - A mechanism allowing the attachment and
release of a towrope on the glider or tow plane. On
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