the Aviation Dictionary

the battery while it charges are neutralized by this
material.
sun gear - The center gear in a planetary gear system
around which the planetary gears rotate.
sunset and sunrise - The mean solar times of sunset
and sunrise as vublished in the Nautical Almanac.
converted to local standard time for the locality
concerned. Within Alaska, the end of evening civil
twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as
defined for each locality.
sun gear. superstructure
supercritical wing - An aerodynamic wing design that
enhances the range, cruising speed, and fuel efficiency
of jet aircraft by producing weaker shock waves that
create less drag and permits high efficiency.
superheat - The heat energy added to a gas after
evaporation has been completed.
superheated vapor - Vapor that has been heated above
its boiling point.
- -
superheated water - The process of heating water to a
temperature above 212°F when it normallv changes -
super high frequency - The frequency band between 3 from a liquid state to a vapor. Water can be
and 30 gigahertz (gHz). The elevation and azimuth superheated by heating it in a pressurized container.
stations of the microwave landing system operate from This is because more heat energy has to be added
503 1 MHz to 5091 MHz in this spectrum. before the molecules move fast enough to become
super high radio frequency - Frequencies between 3.0
steam.
and 30.0 gigahertz having wavelengths between 100
and 10 mm.
superadiabatic lapse rate - A lapse rate greater than
the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
supercell thunderstorm - A severe thunderstorm that
almost always produces one or more of the extremes of
convective weather: Very strong horizontal wind gusts,
large hail, andlor tornadoes. The supercell can occur
anywhere in the mid-latitudes, but by far the favored
area is the southern Great Plains of the United States.
The supercell is so named because it requires extreme
instability and a special combination of boundary layer
and high-level wind conditions.
supercharger - An engine or exhaust driven air
compressor used to provide additional pressure to the
induction air so the engine can produce additional
power.
superheterodyne - A radio receiver circuit that mixes
the radio frequency signal received with a frequency
produced in a local oscillator to create an intermediate
frequency.
super-refraction - A condition where radar beams are
bent more than normal due to anomalies in temperature
or humidity.
supersaturated - Any solution (such as sugar and
water) in which a solid is dissolved until no more of the
solid can be added. This amount varies according to the
temperature of the liquid. As the temperature decreases
more of the solid recrystallizes and drops out of the
solution.
supersede - To make obsolete by replacement. When a
manufacturer issues new maintenance manuals, the
new manuals supersede the old ones.
supersonic -A
speed greater than the speed of sound.
supercharger control system - The system of
supersonic aerodynamics - The branch of
controlling the supercharger to maintain a constant
aerodynamics that deals with the theory of flight at
manifold pressure as the altitude changes.
speeds faster than the speed of sound. Aero means
supercharging - Increasing the cylinder pressure of a pertaining to air; dynamics is that branch of physics
reciprocating aircraft engine by introducing that considers bodies in motion and the forces that
compressed air into the cylinder on the intake stroke. produce changes of bodies in motion.
superconduction - The effect experienced at very low
temperatures (approaching absolute zero) when atomic
vibration ceases. Conduction electrons are free to drift
through conductors without opposition or loss of
energy.
superconductivity - A reaction of certain chemical
elements when they are cooled and held at or near
absolute zero degrees. At absolute zero degrees, these
elements lose almost all of their electrical resistance
and become strongly diamagnetic.
supercooled water - Water that has been cooled below
the freezing point, but is still in a liquid state.
Supercooled water forms solid ice as soon as it is
disturbed.
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supersonic diffuser - A converging diffuser where the
supersonic airstream pressure is raised as velocity
decreases.
supersonic nozzle - A divergent-shaped duct designed
to allow - gases to expand outward faster than they
accelerate rearward.
supersonic speed - Mach 1.0 to Mach 5.0.
supersonic transport - The British-French Concorde
and the Russian TU-144. The only two types of
supersonic commercial aircraft presently in existence.
superstructure - Framework attached to an aircraft
truss structure to provide the desired aerodynamic