Hazard perception handbook - RTA

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2 Foreword When you were a learner driver, it might have seemed that driving was all about steering the car, changing gears, using the indicators and knowing the road rules. While these are important, to stay safe as a solo driver you also need to be able to detect and react to any hazards that might arise when you are driving. A hazard is any possible danger that might lead to an accident. This includes pedestrians crossing the road, roadworks, broken-down vehicles and other cars stopping ahead of you or entering from side roads. There are many hazards out there on the roads. Good and safe drivers know how to recognise and respond to hazards. They know how to spot them in time to take actions that will avoid accidents. They know these things because they have good hazard perception skills. The Hazard Perception Handbook and the associated interactive information on our website have been produced to assist you in developing your hazard perception skills and to drive more safely. Hazard perception handbook
Contents 1. WHAT IS THE HPT? .............................................. 6 The Hazard Perception Test (HPT) ....................................6 Why the HPT? ....................................................6 Hazards and hazard perception ........................................7 developing hazard perception skills ....................................9 2. CRASH PATTERNS Of PROvISIONAL dRIvERS .................. 10 five most common crash types for provisional drivers ....................10 Where and when these crashes happen ................................12 Comparison with full licence holders ..................................12 Why are provisional drivers more involved in crashes? ....................13 Avoiding crashes ..................................................13 3. HOW THE HPT WORkS ..........................................14 Where to go for the HPT ...........................................14 Non-English speakers/applicants with special needs .....................14 When to take the HPT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 What happens when you get there ....................................15 Interacting with the HPT computer ................................16 Audio/sound option ...............................................17 The sound button .................................................17 What you will see after the welcome screen .............................18 The test instructions ...............................................18 The confirmation screen buttons .....................................19 After the confirmation screen ........................................19 The practice questions ..............................................20 The real HPT questions .............................................21 The results and feedback screen ......................................21 If you fail the HPT ...............................................22 Aiding and cheating during the HPT ..................................22 Developing and practising hazard perception skills ..................23 Cross referencing to the HPT website .................................25 4. kEEPING SPACE fROM OTHER vEHICLES .......................26 Crash avoidance space ............................................26 Maintaining a crash avoidance space to the front ........................27 Controlling your speed ............................................28 Speed limits, speeding and crashing ...................................28 The problems with speed ...........................................28 Speeding and crash severity ..........................................29 Speed and single vehicle crashes ......................................30 A final word on speed ..............................................31 key points summary ...............................................31 Practice exercise ...................................................31 Keeping a safe following distance ..................................32 Hazard perception handbook 3
Page 1: Hazard perception handbook
Page 6 and 7: 4 The three second rule ...........
Page 8 and 9: 1 6 What is the HPT? THE HAzARd PER
Page 10 and 11: 1 8 Identifying hazards ahead, behi
Page 12 and 13: 2 10 Crash patterns of provisional
Page 14 and 15: 2 12 9 percent involve running off
Page 16 and 17: 3 How the HPT works 14 The Hazard P
Page 18 and 19: 3 16 Interacting with the HPT compu
Page 20 and 21: 3 18 WHAT yOU WILL SEE AfTER THE WE
Page 22 and 23: 3 20 THE PRACTICE qUESTIONS The pra
Page 24 and 25: 3 22 If you fail, you will get spec
Page 26 and 27: 3 24 • Scanning for hazards ahead
Page 28 and 29: 4 26 Keeping space from other vehic
Page 30 and 31: 4 28 Controlling your speed SPEEd L
Page 32 and 33: 4 30 Hazard perception handbook Res
Page 34 and 35: 4 32 keeping a safe following dista
Page 36 and 37: 4 34 WHAT A SAfE fOLLOWING dISTANCE
Page 38 and 39: 4 36 keeping a safe distance to the
Page 40 and 41: 4 38 keeping a safe distance to the
Page 42 and 43: 5 40 Selecting safe gaps is a key p
Page 44 and 45: 5 42 All drivers should be looking
Page 46 and 47: 5 44 TURNING RIGHT AT A CROSS INTER
Page 48 and 49: 5 46 PRACTICE ExERCISES: SAfE GAPS
Page 50 and 51: 5 48 Safe gaps - making U-turns U-t
Page 52 and 53: 5 50 you may need less time to cros
Page 54 and 55:
5 52 fEATURES Of OvERTAkING The dif
Page 56 and 57:
5 54 Practise timing how long it ta
Page 58 and 59:
5 56 Practise this task until you c
Page 60 and 61:
6 58 Scanning for hazards Scanning
Page 62 and 63:
6 60 Blind spot area do not drive i
Page 64 and 65:
6 62 Smart scanning When you are sc
Page 66 and 67:
6 64 AvOIdING fATIGUE fatigue (bein
Page 68 and 69:
6 66 Map out a circular route throu
Page 70 and 71:
7 68 Pedestrians, cyclists and moto
Page 72 and 73:
7 70 Give all cyclists plenty of ro
Page 74 and 75:
7 72 3 sec gap. 5 sec gap. Hazard p
Page 76 and 77:
7 74 Scan ahead for roadwork signs.
Page 78 and 79:
7 76 Animals on the road you might
Page 80 and 81:
8 78 Expecting the unexpected Road
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8 80 • Check for pedestrians, cyc
Page 84 and 85:
8 82 A few final words about hazard
Page 86 and 87:
8 84 Apply these skills effectively
Page 88 and 89:
9 86 P2 Licence - provisional licen
Page 90:
10 88 S Safe gap, definition ......
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Hazard perception handbook - RTA

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