1, 3, and 4. Ed. Perdita Lottner. Exh. cats. Hanover: Sprengel Museum Hannover, 1990. Umland, Anne, Adrian Sudhalter, and Scott Gerson. Dada in the Collection of The Museum of Modern Art, 275—99. Studies in Modern Art, 9. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2008. Dillon, Brian. “Species of Spaces: Art, Architecture and Environment.” In Psycho Buildings: Artists Take on Architecture, 29—37. Exh. cat. London: Hayward Gallery, 2008. —. “Dada-Hanover.” In Dada and the Press, 293—349. Ed. Harriett Watts and Stephen C. Foster. Vol. 9 of Crisis and the Arts: The History of Dada. New York: G. K. Hall; London: Prentice Hall International, 2004. —. “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong> and Katherine Dreier.” German Life and Letters 52, no. 4 (Oct. 1999): 443-56. 172
Important group exhibitions in Europe and the United States held during <strong>Schwitters</strong> lifetime may be found in the Chronology. Exhibitions are listed in chronological order. “Collages by <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” The Phillips Gallery, Washington, D.C., 1957 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” Lord’s Gallery, London, 1958 [Unknown title], Galerie Goyert, Cologne, 1919 “Der Sturm. 76. Ausstellung. <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>, M. Langenstrass-Uhlig,” Galerie Der Sturm, Berlin, July 1919 Galerie Herbert Cramer, Frankfurt, 1920 “Der Sturm. 96. Ausstellung. <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>. <strong>Merz</strong>bilder, <strong>Merz</strong>zeichnungen. Gesamtschau,” Galerie Der Sturm, Berlin, April 1921 “Der Sturm. 138. Ausstellung. Otto Nebel. <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>. Gesamtschau,” Galerie Der Sturm, Berlin, February 1925 “Grosse <strong>Merz</strong>ausstellung 1927.” The following venues have been verified: Nassauischer Kunstverein Wiesbaden in the Neues Museum and Wiesbadener Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, Wiesbaden; Städtische Gemäldegalerie, Bochum, Germany; Ruhmeshalle, Barmen, Germany, 1927 “Sonderausstellung <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” Kunstverein für Böhmen, Prague, 1927 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” [?] Galerie Blomquist, Oslo, 1934 “Paintings and Sculpture by <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” The Modern Art Gallery. London, December 1944 “Gedächtnisausstellung <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” Galerie d’Art Moderne Basel, 1948 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” The Pinacotheca, New York, 1948 “Collage, Painting, Relief and Sculpture by <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” Sidney Janis Gallery, New York; The Arts Club of Chicago, 1952 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>. Collages,” Berggruen Gallery, Paris, 1954 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>: Fifty-Seven Collages,” Sidney Janis Gallery, New York, 1956 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” Kestner-Gesellschaft, Hanover; Kunsthalle Bern (together with Hans Arp); Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam; Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brüssel; Musée des Beaux-Arts, Lüttich, Germany, 1956 “Seventy-Five Collages by <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” Sidney Janis Gallery, New York, 1959 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong> 1887—1948,” Cambridge Arts Council Gallery, 1959; Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea, England; Graves Art Gallery, Sheffield, England; Leicester Museum and Art Gallery, England; Herbert Temporary Art Gallery, Coventry, England; Glasgow University Print Room, Scotland, 1960 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>. 1887—1948,” Minami Gallery, Tokyo, 1960 “XXX Biennale Internazionale d’Arte. Sonderausstellung <strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” La Biennale di Venezia, 1960 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong> Sonderausstellung,” VI Bienal de São Paulo, Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, 1961 “Fifty Collages by <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” Sidney Janis Gallery, New York, 1962 “<strong>Kurt</strong> MERZ <strong>Schwitters</strong>. 1887-1948, Retrospektivt/ <strong>Schwitters</strong>/<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>. 1887—1948/<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>. 1887-1948. Schilderijen, collages, sculpturen, tekeningen/ <strong>Schwitters</strong>. Mostra retrospettiva,” Konstsalongen Samlaren im Konstnärshuset, Stockholm; Statens Museum for Kunst und Kunstforeningen, Copenhagen, 1962; Marlborough Fine Art, London; Wallraf-Richartz- Museum und Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne, 1963; Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam; Toninelli Arte Moderna, Milan; Marlborough Galleria d’Arte, Rome, 1964 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>,” Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, Texas; Pasadena Art Museum, California; The Currier Gallery of Art, Manchester, New Hampshire; The Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C., 1962; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; J. B. Speed Art Museum, Louisville, Kentucky, 1963 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong> in the Lake District,” Abbot Hall Art Gallery, Kendal, England, 1964 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>. ‘Aphorismer,’ 1918—1947. Collage och relief, Konstsalongen Samlaren,” Stockholm, 1965 “<strong>Kurt</strong> <strong>Schwitters</strong>, Retrospective,” University of California at Los Angeles; Marlborough-Gerson Gallery, New York; SOLO EXHIBITIONS 173
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‘constructivist’ period, which,
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