The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas Volume I, II, and III

Ethnography in South America
I6J
Berichten des 16. Jahrhunderts," in Peter Waldmann and Georg Elwert,
eds, Ethnizitdt im Wandel. Spektrum 21 Saarbriicken, 1989), 93—118; Donald
Forsyth, "Three cheers for Hans Staden: The case for Brazilian
cannibalism," Ethnohistory 32:1 (1985), 17-36.
On the historian Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo in Italy, see A. Gerbi,
Nature in the New World. From Christopher Columbus to Gonzalo Fernandez
de Oviedo (Pittsburgh, 1985), 137. The young Francisco Pizarro appears
to have served in Italy; see J. Lockhart, The men of Cajamarca: A
social and biographical study of the first conquerors of Peru (Austin, 1972),
140 f; Pedro de Candia, who was Greek, had also served in Italy,
Lockhart p. 129, and Hernando Pizarro had served in Navarre, p. 158.
The father of Juan Ruiz de Arce, who joined Francisco Pizarro for the
invasion of Peru, fought in Navarre, Portugal, and Granada; see Antonio
del Solar y Taboada Marques de Ciadoncha, "Relacion de los servicios
en Indias de don Juan Ruiz de Arce, conquistador del Peru," Boletin de
la Academia de la Historia 102 (Madrid, 1933), 327-384.
For information about the ebb and flow of the Pacific picked up on
the Parana River, see "Carta de Luis Ramirez a su padre, 1528," in Jose
Toribio Medina, El Veneciano Sebastian Caboto al servicio de Espana, vol.
1 (Santiago de Chile, 1908, hereafter Luis Ramirez, "Carta"), 442—457 at
p. 449. For the fall of Cuzcotuyo, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Historia
indica (Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles 135, Madrid, 1965), 61; land of
"immortality and perpetual rest," Pero Magalaes de Gandavo, History of
the Province of Santa Cruz, chapter 14 (in John B. Statson, trans., The
histories of Brazil by Pero de Magalhaes, New York, 1922, 117); Erland
Nordenskiold, "The Guarani invasion of the Inka empire in the sixteenth
century: An historical Indian migration," Geographical Review (New
York, August 1917), 102—121; A. Metraux, "Migrations historiques des
Tupi-Guarani," Journal de la Societe des Americanistes 19 (1927), 1-41;
Charles E. Nowell, "Aleixo Garcia and the White King," Hispanic American
Historical Review 26 (1946), 450-466.
Francisco L6pez de Gomara, Historia general de las Indias, ed. Pilar
Guibelalde (Madrid, 1965), Part I, chapters 11-12, writes on American
coastlines. This work may now be consulted in a facsimile edition of
Garcilaso Inca de la Vega's copy in the Biblioteca Nacional of Lima, with
his marginal notes: La historia general de las Indias y nuevo mundo con
mas la conquista del Peru y de Mexico . . . ([Zaragoza, 1555] Lima, 1993).
The geographical outline in Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, Historia
general y natural de las Indias, ed. Juan Perez de Tudela Bueso, appears
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