Dental Asia March/April 2022

CLINICAL FEATURE
of alveolar bone and stop growing
after puberty in contrast to osteoma,
which generally occurs on lingual or
palatal aspects that continue to grow
post-puberty 1,3,4,17,20 .
Focal sclerosing osteomyelitis,
osteosarcoma, peripheral ossifying
fibroma, chondroma, Paget’s disease,
monostotic fibrous dysplasia, calcified
meningioma, and odontoma should
also be considered as differential
diagnosis 1 . Osteoblastoma and osteoid
osteoma usually present more pain
and have a greater growth rate than
osteomas 1,3,4,17.
Surgery, which includes excision with
bone recontouring and curettage,
is not generally needed unless
there are symptoms, deformity, has
active growth, or other secondary
problems 1,2,3,4,17,21 . Recurrence after
surgery is rare, and no known reports
are associated with malignant
change 1,2,3,16 .
The presence of osteomas may signify
Gardner’s syndrome, an autosomaldominant
disorder characterised by a
triad of colorectal polyposis, skeletal
abnormalities, and multiple impacted
supernumerary teeth 1,2,8,9 .
Since osteomas develop before
colorectal polyposis, early detection
of the syndrome is paramount to the
prognosis of the disease. Thus, dental
practitioners should be aware of the
triad of Gardner’s disease 1,5,6,7 .
CONCLUSION
Osteomas are rare, benign,
slow-growing, bony lesions that
occur in the oral maxillofacial region.
It should always be considered a
differential diagnosis for any bony
hard, slowly growing, with or without
pain swelling on the oral maxillofacial
region.
Exact aetiology and pathogenesis
remain unknown, but it is suggested
that molecular and genetic
research be done to improve the
understanding of this lesion.
Osteomas can cause facial
deformity, limitation or deviation
on the movement of the mandible,
headache, bone pain, dysphagia,
sinusitis, or ophthalmologic
complaint; hence, dental
practitioners should be aware of
these signs and symptoms during an
examination. DA
References
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr Lordjie Marr
Morilla received
his Doctor of
Dental Medicine
degree from the
University of the
Philippines and
pursued a Master of Science in
Dentistry specialising in Oral Diagnostic
Sciences at Khon Kaen University,
Thailand. Councillor to the Philippine
section of the Asian Society of Oral and
Maxillofacial Pathology, he also gives
lectures on oral diagnosis and pathology
and has presented his research
at various local and international
conferences. At present, he is a PhD
student at The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University and his research area focuses
on genetics and associated mutations
of complex diseases.
DENTAL ASIA MARCH / APRIL 2022 39