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Wellness Foods + Supplements 1/2022

Wellness Foods & Supplements is the first European magazine devoted exclusively to health ingredients, nutraceutical foods and beverages. Questions about the trade magazine Wellness Foods & Supplements? Interested in subscribing or advertising? The board of editors at Wellness Foods & Supplements kindly remains at your disposal.

Wellness Foods & Supplements is the first European magazine devoted exclusively to health ingredients, nutraceutical foods and beverages.

Questions about the trade magazine Wellness Foods & Supplements? Interested in subscribing or advertising? The board of editors at Wellness Foods & Supplements kindly remains at your disposal.

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No. 1, April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

www.harnisch.com | ISSN 2364-8104<br />

Functional ingredients Gut health<br />

Dietary fibres Micronutrients<br />

Marine ingredients Skin health<br />

Sports nutrition Oils and fats


Let Your Inspiration Flow<br />

World’s Leading Trade Fair for the<br />

Beverage and Liquid Food Industry<br />

September 12–16, <strong>2022</strong><br />

drinktec.com


Editorial<br />

SILKE WATKINS, Editor-in-Chief<br />

Overall well-being – a noble goal<br />

Vitafoods Europe is opening its doors in<br />

May as usual again this year. A look at the<br />

trade fair’s main focus areas shows that this<br />

edition is in tune with the times.<br />

Mental health is a topic that is gaining<br />

consider ably more attention going forward.<br />

Countless people have been under enormous<br />

stress and strain over the last two<br />

years. For many, this was compounded by<br />

sleep disturbances. Families in particular<br />

and especially children suffered. The mental<br />

stress of children and adolescents in the<br />

course of the pandemic remains high. A<br />

study conducted by the Hamburg-Eppendorf<br />

University Hospital did however find<br />

a small but significant improvement in the<br />

mental health of children.<br />

With regard to mental health, the microbiome<br />

is also deserving of special attention.<br />

This microbial community influences<br />

the way food is digested, the activity level<br />

and fitness of the immune system, and the<br />

functioning of the central nervous system.<br />

A number of illnesses are being linked to a<br />

disturbed microbiome today.<br />

Functional substances not only contribute to sound digestion and<br />

intestinal health as well as strengthening the body’s defences, they<br />

also increase the availability of minerals such as calcium, magnesium,<br />

iron and zinc.<br />

The importance of omega-3 fatty acids has long since been proven,<br />

along with their tremendous significance in sports. They have a positive<br />

effect on brain development in children, and can boost cognitive<br />

flexibility and therefore also counteract dementia. Supplementing<br />

with omega-3 fatty acids can considerably improve the anti-oxidative<br />

capacity in case of macular degeneration due to age. This also<br />

applies to taking micronutrients.<br />

Combining all of these topics already gets us very close to overall<br />

well-being. Surprisingly, many of these things are related and influence<br />

each other.<br />

I wish you an interesting read!<br />

Warmest regards,<br />

Silke Watkins<br />

The microbiome makes an important contribution<br />

to human health. Studies point to a<br />

connection between a healthy microbiome<br />

and healthy skin, but also healthy ageing<br />

and a longer life.<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

3


Contents<br />

Health<br />

Convenience Food<br />

Food & Beverages<br />

Confectionary<br />

Cover Photo © : Indena S.p.A.<br />

More than 150 million people annually (1), are affected<br />

by urinary tract infections (UTIs) which are among the<br />

most frequent infections in clinical practice worldwide.<br />

UTIs can affect any part of the urinary system although<br />

the organs where they most frequently develop are the<br />

bladder and urethra. Cranberry products have beneficial<br />

role for urinary tract wellbeing because they can<br />

control R-UTIs episodes frequencies, as observed by<br />

several studies. The complex mixture of proanthocyanidins<br />

(PACs), flavonols and phenolicacids contained in<br />

cranberry extract seems to level biofilm formation and<br />

tissues pricking.(see Cover story at page 6)<br />

Sports Nutrition<br />

Health Care<br />

Personal Care<br />

Contents<br />

Cover story<br />

06 Urinary health maintenance, a goal for millions of people<br />

Functional ingredients in gut health<br />

08 Naticol ® Gut: a key ingredient in gut health<br />

Dietary fibres and overall wellbeing<br />

12 More than gut health: Fibre contributes to overall wellbeing<br />

Microbiome<br />

15 Gut health 2.0 – The increasing role of the microbiome<br />

Bioactives for stress and sleep wellbeing<br />

19 Lactium ® , a natural bioactive for mental wellbeing praised by its consumers!<br />

Marine ingredients in sports nutrition<br />

20 A small revolution is underway in the world of lipids and marine ingredients<br />

Ceramides for skin health<br />

23 Ceramides: science supported lipids for skin health<br />

AMD and micronutrients<br />

26 Age-related macular degeneration: Micronutrients for prevention and therapy<br />

Minerals in sports nutrition<br />

32 Minerals in sports nutrition<br />

Active ingredients<br />

37 A “new generation” of liposomes<br />

Antioxidants in baked goods<br />

40 Natural solutions in baked goods. From early civilizations to modern innovation!<br />

Oils and fats<br />

43 Virgin coconut oil and MCT oil: effective energy suppliers<br />

Vitafoods Europe<br />

46 Vitafoods Europe returns in May <strong>2022</strong><br />

48 Vitafoods Europe – Preview<br />

50 Impressum<br />

4 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


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trade fair, and visit us at VIVATIS booth I60!<br />

➜ Discover new delivery technologies and innovative product formats<br />

➜ Find out about our branded ingredients and their best formulations<br />

➜ Learn more about the newest member in the VIVATIS family: Probionova –<br />

our partner for innovative probiotic solutions<br />

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Cover story<br />

Photo © : Adobestock/eAlisa<br />

Urinary health maintenance, a goal<br />

for millions of people<br />

With Indena’s Anthocran ® Phytosome ® let’s shed new light on urinary tract health,<br />

enhancing cranberry potential<br />

More than 150 million people annually (1), are affected by urinary<br />

tract infections (UTIs) which are among the most frequent infections<br />

in clinical practice worldwide. UTIs can affect any part of the urinary<br />

system although the organs where they most frequently develop are<br />

the bladder and urethra.<br />

Such infections create clinical and economic burdens on healthcare<br />

systems, and negatively influence individuals’ quality of life as well.<br />

Recurrent lower urinary tract infections (R-UTIs) are common after<br />

urinary catheterization in surgical patients, but they may occur also<br />

in non-surgical patients, particularly in women, and are also common<br />

in men.<br />

Cranberry products have beneficial role for urinary tract wellbeing<br />

because they can control R-UTIs episodes frequencies, as observed<br />

by several studies. The complex mixture of proanthocyanidins<br />

(PACs), flavonols and phenolicacids contained in cranberry extract<br />

seems to level biofilm formation and tissues pricking.<br />

On the other hand, cranberry extract presents<br />

a problem of poor availability and bioabsorption,<br />

like many other natural compounds.<br />

That’s why Indena has developed a new<br />

health-food ingredient based on Phytosome ®<br />

formulation proprietary technology, able to<br />

enhance and optimize the delivery of Indena’s<br />

cranberry extract (Anthocran ® Phytosome ® )<br />

where the effects are needed.<br />

In addition to its better ability to reach tissues,<br />

thanks to the phytosome ® 100 % food grade<br />

formulation, cranberry extract (Anthocran ®<br />

Phytosome ® ) boasts a unique phytochemi cal<br />

characterization, which makes it the highest<br />

quality cranberry extract on the market;<br />

infact, it is standardized in proanthocyanidins<br />

(PACs: 6.0-9.0 % UV-visible spec-<br />

6 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Cover story<br />

trophotometric contents – DMAC method)<br />

and contains the full polyphenols profile of<br />

natural cranberry, including flavonols, anthocyanins<br />

and phenolic acids.<br />

A recent human urines pharmacokinetics<br />

study (2) has been done with the aim to<br />

profile, by using an HPLC-MS/MS method,<br />

cranberry compounds and metabolites<br />

found in human urine after supplementation<br />

of a highly standardized cranberry extract:<br />

Anthocran ® Phytosome ® . Two different strategies<br />

were adopted for the data analysis: a<br />

targeted and an untargeted approach. These<br />

strategies allowed the identification of 42<br />

analytes including cranberry components,<br />

known metabolites and metabolites hitherto<br />

unreported in the literature, including eight<br />

valerolactones/valeric acid derivatives whose<br />

presence in urine after cranberry consumption<br />

has never been described before.<br />

Moreover, the ex vivo study showed that urine<br />

fractions rich in these metabolites are the<br />

most active against the pathogen Candida<br />

so frequent in hospitalized patients; it can<br />

reach the 10 % of positive urine cultures in<br />

hospitals, intensive care units and tertiary<br />

care facilities.<br />

To support from a clinical point of view<br />

these interesting data, a pilot registry study<br />

(3) recently investigated the effects of the<br />

oral supplementation of a standardized<br />

Anthocran ® Phytosome ® for the support of<br />

urinary tract health.<br />

reported to have a more favorable actions in managing UTI discomforts<br />

(like urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria and nocturia),<br />

as assessed on the visual analogue scale, compared with subjects in<br />

the standard management or nitrofurantoin groups.<br />

No subjects with blood in urines and with traces of bacterial infection<br />

in urine in the group treated with the supplement compared with<br />

controls (p < 0.05). The cranberry extract was also superior to the<br />

control management in terms of recurrence of signs, with none of the<br />

subjects in this group reporting a R-UTI in the 3-months following the<br />

study end (p < 0.05).<br />

The supplementation showed an optimal safety profile, with no significant<br />

adverse events and no drop-outs in the supplement group.<br />

The study shows that cranberry extract (Anthocran ® formulated as<br />

Phytosome ® ) is a valid diet supplementation for subjects where postoperative,<br />

post-catheter R UTIs may occur, whit a good tolerability<br />

profile.<br />

References<br />

1 World J Urol. 2020 Nov;38(11):2669-2679. doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-03071-4.<br />

Epub 2020 Jan 10.)<br />

2 Giovanna Baron et alii, Biochemical Pharmacology 173 (2020) 113726<br />

3 Roberto Cotellese, Andrea Ledda, Gianni Belcaro, Maria R. Cesarone, Claudia Scipione,<br />

Valeria Scipione, Mark Dugall, Beatrice Feragalli, Antonella Riva, Pietro Allegrini,<br />

Giovanna Petrangolini & Stefano Togni (2021):, DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1972074<br />

For more information, please contact<br />

Laura Bo<br />

External Communication and<br />

Sustainability, Indena S.p.A.<br />

laura.bo@indena.com<br />

www.indena.com<br />

The study included 64 otherwise healthy<br />

subjects who underwent a surgical procedure<br />

and required post-surgical urinary<br />

catheterization. The subjects have been<br />

divided by randomization in four groups:<br />

12 subjects were given supplementation<br />

with the standardized cranberry extract at<br />

the dose of either 120 mg/day, 12 subjects<br />

at 240 mg/day, 18 subjects were assigned<br />

to a control group consisting of standard<br />

management and 22 to a group with nitrofurantoin<br />

administration for four weeks to<br />

relief the R UTIs.<br />

At the end, subjects receiving the standardized<br />

cranberry Phytosome ® supplementation<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

7


Functional ingredients in gut health<br />

Naticol ® Gut: a key ingredient in gut health<br />

Weishardt patented fish collagen peptides modulate intestinal inflammation<br />

Mouna Rahabi, PhD<br />

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory<br />

diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Remaining<br />

largely unclear, the etiology of IBD involves a complex interaction<br />

between genetics, environmental and microbial<br />

factors and immune responses 1 .<br />

In fact, there is clear evidence that the prevalence of IBD is associated<br />

with the environment as demonstrated by a north-south gradient<br />

of the disease prevalence which is markedly higher in industrialized<br />

countries. The rapid incidence increase of IBD over the last decades<br />

is believed to be associated with the introduction of the “western diet”<br />

across the world. Indeed, diet can influence intestinal inflammation<br />

by different pathways essentially by altering gut microbiota, affecting<br />

gut permeability or triggering immune responses 2 . Thus, it appears<br />

that nutrients intake can modulate gut inflammatory status. Although<br />

many approaches focus on the use of probiotics in intestinal inflammation,<br />

only few studies target nutrients such as collagen peptides<br />

in this context 3 .<br />

Besides, an important number of studies<br />

have been conducted to demonstrate<br />

the anti-inflammatory activity of collagen<br />

peptides in osteoarthritis but, until now, there<br />

was no clear evidence on their impact on<br />

intestinal inflammation.<br />

Naticol ® Gut<br />

Weishardt scientific team has worked on<br />

transposing fish collagen peptides bioactivity<br />

to gut inflammation and provide today solid<br />

evidence that the new patented Naticol ®<br />

Gut fish collagen peptides have a beneficial<br />

effect in this axis. Indeed, Naticol ® Gut<br />

reduces experimental colitis severity in an<br />

immune system-dependent manner that<br />

consequently leads to a healthier gut micro-<br />

8 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Functional ingredients in gut health<br />

biota. These complete pre-clinical results are corroborated by the<br />

very encouraging fact that Naticol ® Gut also restores the anti-inflammatory<br />

phenotype of immune cells from subjects suffering from IBD.<br />

Naticol ® Gut displays an anti-inflammatory<br />

and anti-oxidant activity in gut<br />

Gut immune system is largely involved in the inflammatory status of<br />

gastric tract. Among immune cells, macrophages represent a population<br />

that plays a key role in gut balance. In physiological conditions,<br />

gut macrophages do not react to the gut microbiota thereby<br />

avoiding inappropriate immune reactions. Conversely, in IBD there<br />

is a massive infiltration of macrophages leading to the rupture of the<br />

intestinal barrier by displaying pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant<br />

activities 4 . The experimental model of colitis in which Naticol ® Gut<br />

activity was assessed, is based on a chemical induction (Dextran<br />

Sodium Sulfate, DSS) of intestinal inflammation with symptoms<br />

and biological changes that can be assimilated to human ulcerative<br />

colitis 5 . Interestingly, Naticol ® Gut-treated DSS mice displayed a lower<br />

degree of colonic inflammation as reflected by less immune cells infiltrate,<br />

crypts loss, and epithelial erosion on histological sections of the<br />

colon (Fig. 1).<br />

Photo © : istockphoto/shironosov<br />

Fig. 1: Histological staining of representative cross-sections of colon<br />

Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Naticol ® Gut is able to switch the<br />

phenotype of colonic inflammatory macrophages generated by DSS<br />

administration towards an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant pheno-<br />

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Functional ingredients in gut health<br />

Gut microbiota represents one of the most incriminated components<br />

in IBD development. Indeed, in intestinal inflammation, there<br />

is a disruption of the harmonious relationship between the microbiota<br />

and the immune system. Microbiota becomes unbalanced<br />

and immune system overactivated. The unbalanced microbiota,<br />

called dys biosis, is characterized by an increase of the “aggressive”<br />

species and a impoverishment in the probiotic species 7 . Interestingly,<br />

Naticol ® Gut administration consistently decreases the burden<br />

of “bad” bacteria and yeast such as Escherichia coli or Candida<br />

albicans while it enriches populations of protective bacteria and<br />

yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lactobacillus sp. Our<br />

study demons trates that this modulation of gut microbiota is exerted<br />

through the effect of Naticol ® Gut on the immune system via a crosstalk<br />

between both components 6 (Fig. 3).<br />

Fig. 2: Cytokine expression by macrophages<br />

##p ≤ 0.01, ###p ≤ 0.005, ####p ≤ 0.001 DSS-exposed mice compared<br />

to DSS-exposed mice treated with Naticol ® Gut<br />

type (Fig. 2). This effect on macrophages reverberates on the whole<br />

immune system as the global pro-inflammatory mediators’ production<br />

is significantly dampened by Naticol ® Gut 6 .<br />

Naticol ® Gut impacts gut microbiota<br />

Fig. 3: microbiota fluctuation<br />

#p ≤ 0.05, ##p ≤ 0.01, DSS-exposed mice compared to DSS-exposed mice<br />

treated with Naticol ® Gut<br />

Conclusion<br />

The use of functional ingredients in gut health management is an<br />

emerging concept. In this context, Weishardt provides solid preclini<br />

cal results as well as an encouraging translational approach using<br />

immune cells directly collected from human subjects and in which<br />

results show that Naticol ® Gut restores an anti-inflammatory profile.<br />

Last but not least, Weishardt has taken the science behind fish<br />

collagen peptides to a deeper level of understanding by highlighting<br />

the mechanism by which Naticol ® Gut exerts its beneficial effects.<br />

References<br />

1<br />

Actis, G. C., Pellicano, R., Fagoonee, S. & Ribaldone, D. G. History of Inflammatory Bowel<br />

Diseases. J. Clin. Med. 8, 1970 (2019).<br />

2<br />

Rajendran, N. & Kumar, D. Role of diet in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.<br />

World J. Gastroenterol. WJG 16, 1442–1448 (2010).<br />

3<br />

Rossi, R. E. et al. The role of dietary supplements in inflammatory bowel disease: a<br />

systematic review. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 28, 1357–1364 (2016).<br />

4<br />

Kühl, A. A., Erben, U., Kredel, L. I. & Siegmund, B. Diversity of Intestinal Macrophages in<br />

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front. Immunol. 6, (2015).<br />

5<br />

Chassaing, B., Aitken, J. D., Malleshappa, M. & Vijay-Kumar, M. Dextran sulfate sodium<br />

(DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 104, 15.25.1-15.25.14 (2014).<br />

6<br />

Rahabi, M. et al. Bioactive fish collagen peptides weaken intestinal inflammation by<br />

orienting colonic macrophages phenotype through mannose receptor activation. Eur. J.<br />

Nutr. (<strong>2022</strong>) doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02787-7.<br />

7<br />

Ni, J., Wu, G. D., Albenberg, L. & Tomov, V. T. Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?<br />

Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 573–584 (2017).<br />

Photo © : Shutterstock/rangizz<br />

For more information, please contact<br />

WEISHARDT International<br />

81300 Graulhet, France<br />

Phone +33 5 63 42 14 41<br />

welcome@weishardt.com<br />

www.weishardt.com<br />

10 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Connect with<br />

nutraceutical<br />

experts<br />

This year, Vitafoods Europe <strong>2022</strong> returns to its annual<br />

May slot in your diary. As it’s a hybrid event you’ll be<br />

able to join us in person and online to share ideas,<br />

see new products, source ingredients and innovate<br />

with an inspiring community of experts. This is your<br />

chance to connect with industry-leading buyers,<br />

suppliers and manufacturers from over 110 countries,<br />

so don’t miss it.<br />

Register for your free<br />

badge now and save €160*<br />

Geneva: 10-12 May<br />

Online: 2-13 May<br />

For more details visit<br />

vitafoods.eu.com<br />

*Onsite visitor registration will cost €160


Dietary fibres and overall wellbeing<br />

Photo © : Shutterstock/Monkey_Busines<br />

More than gut health: Fibre contributes<br />

to overall wellbeing<br />

Natural fibre Sunfiber ® counteracts dietary deficiencies – even in those with digestive problems<br />

Dr Stefan Siebrecht<br />

For a long time, dietary fibre was thought of as useless and<br />

even burdensome because of its indigestible properties – until<br />

the first indications of its positive effects on the body emerged.<br />

Nowadays, those previously held opinions have been overturned,<br />

and experts recommend integrating “dietary fibre” into<br />

the diet in much larger quantities for a variety of reasons, from<br />

digestive health to emotional wellbeing.<br />

The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends a daily intake<br />

of 30 g of dietary fibre. In most European countries, however, the<br />

average consumption is far below this amount. If you look at the fibre<br />

content of popular foods – avocados, for example, contain about 7 g<br />

of fibre per 100 g, and apples about 2 g per 100 g – it becomes clear<br />

that the modern eating habits and taste preferences of Western diets<br />

are not sufficiently balanced when it comes to fibre intake. Important<br />

sources such as whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables<br />

are not consumed in sufficient amounts to<br />

meet daily requirements. 1 Therefore, fortifying<br />

or supplementing foods and beverages<br />

with dietary fibre offers a promising approach<br />

to improving overall intake and, thus, the<br />

general health of the population.<br />

Prebiotic ingredients like Taiyo’s partially<br />

hydrolysed guar gum (Sunfiber ® ) make it easy<br />

to add fibre to all sorts of foods and beverages,<br />

and fortified products are a pleasant way for<br />

consumers to boost their health and wellbeing.<br />

Sunfiber ® is easy to process, its positive effect<br />

on the digestive tract is scientifically proven,<br />

and foods containing it can be labelled with<br />

the EU Nutritional Claim “high in fibre”.<br />

12 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Dietary fibres and overall wellbeing<br />

The importance of dietary fibre<br />

Scientific research has repeatedly shown<br />

that our overall health depends to a large<br />

extent on the health of the gut, which is home<br />

to about 100 trillion bacteria from 1,000<br />

different species. This “microbiome” has<br />

many functions, including supporting digestion,<br />

nutrient absorption and the immune<br />

system. Studies in recent years have also<br />

confirmed that the gut is in direct contact<br />

with the emotional centre of the brain. By<br />

changing the gut microbiome, it has been<br />

proven that neurobiochemistry, behaviour<br />

and even personality can be significantly<br />

altered. 2<br />

The microbiome is directly affected by what<br />

we eat: a high-sugar, low-fibre diet feeds<br />

harmful bacteria, while a diet high in fibre<br />

and low in sugar has the opposite effect: It<br />

supports beneficial gut bacteria diversity to<br />

help regulate blood sugar, fight inflammation<br />

and produce the substances required for a<br />

healthy brain.<br />

After consuming dietary fibre, blood glucose<br />

levels rise only moderately and remain<br />

constant for a lengthy period of time, during<br />

which the body needs less insulin. As a<br />

result, there is an increased feeling of satiety,<br />

with hunger pangs kept at bay for longer.<br />

Fibre can therefore play an effective role in<br />

weight management. In addition, fibre intake<br />

promotes the production of digestive juices,<br />

which have a stimulating effect on general<br />

intestinal movements. This means that the<br />

transit time of food in the digestive system<br />

is shortened, which can, in turn, reduce the<br />

risk of bloating and haemorrhoids.<br />

Recent studies show that dietary fibre can<br />

also help to prevent colon and prostate<br />

cancer because carcinogenic substances<br />

are diluted and harmful substances excreted<br />

more quickly. 3 One reason for this is that the<br />

body cannot break down the plant components<br />

of dietary fibre enzymatically, so they<br />

enter the colon undigested. Here, they serve<br />

as food for gut bacteria such as lactobacilli<br />

and bifidobacteria. These beneficial bacteria<br />

multiply, increase stool volume and thus<br />

help prevent constipation.<br />

A healthy intestinal microbiome is an essential prerequisite for a<br />

fully functioning immune system too. For instance, it helps to regulate<br />

inflammatory cascades in the body and forms a physical barrier<br />

against potential invaders such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses and<br />

parasites.<br />

Furthermore, in a healthy body, the fermentation of dietary fibre<br />

produces the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate.<br />

These are partially absorbed and transported to the liver, where they<br />

inhibit the formation of cholesterol. The short-chain fatty acids also<br />

supply the cell membranes with energy and improve the absorption<br />

of minerals.<br />

Supporting health and wellbeing<br />

Taiyo, an expert in natural ingredients with added health value, has<br />

been pioneering fibre research for more than 20 years. The company<br />

develops and produces a wide variety of functional ingredients,<br />

including the 100 per cent natural dietary fibre Sunfiber ® . Designed to<br />

close the dietary fibre gap, this ingredient combines nutritional benefits<br />

with health-promoting properties. Sunfiber ® is a soluble prebiotic<br />

fibre that has been shown in numerous studies to help improve the<br />

activity and proliferation of beneficial probiotics in the gastrointestinal<br />

tract, which are essential for overall health and wellbeing. In addition,<br />

its fermentation rate is very slow, which means it does not trigger<br />

painful bloating, cramping or discomfort.<br />

Sunfiber ® not only contributes to healthy digestion, but also offers a<br />

range of clinically proven health benefits for the entire body. When<br />

consumed with a meal, it improves the absorption of minerals such<br />

as calcium and magnesium. 4 It also slows and reduces the absorption<br />

of fat, cholesterol and sugar. 5 Additionally, it has been shown in<br />

clinical studies to lower the glycaemic index, thus helping to stabilise<br />

blood sugar levels. For this reason, Sunfiber ® has been awarded a<br />

health claim by Canadian health authorities for reducing blood sugar<br />

levels by 20 per cent after a meal. 6<br />

Photo © : Shutterstock/Paisit Teeraphatsakool<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

13


Dietary fibres and overall well-being<br />

Low FODMAP diet-compatible<br />

Sunfiber ® is suitable for people who follow a low FODMAP diet, as<br />

well as for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The term<br />

FODMAP stands for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides,<br />

monosaccharides and polyols. These are poorly digestible shortchain<br />

carbohydrates such as lactose, fructose, sugar alcohols such<br />

as sorbitol, and many other indigestible carbohydrates found in<br />

fruits and vegetables. FODMAP components are fermented by the<br />

intestinal flora. This process is thought to trigger gastrointestinal<br />

symptoms such as bloating, diarrhoea, constipation and cramps<br />

in sensitive people. A clinical study published in 2010 reported the<br />

positive effect of a low FODMAP diet on the symptoms of conditions<br />

such as IBS. 7 A diet low in FODMAP compounds such as fibre is<br />

therefore often recommended for patients with digestive disorders.<br />

However, avoiding fibre compromises the foundation for good gut<br />

health. For these people, Sunfiber ® can bridge the nutritional gap<br />

by providing a soluble and prebiotic fibre that is compatible with a<br />

low FODMAP diet.<br />

Naturally certified<br />

Taiyo’s focus is on natural ingredients with added health value. Over<br />

the years, the company has established itself as a leading manufacturer<br />

of functional ingredients for the food and pharmaceutical industries.<br />

Naturalness plays a central part in this: Sunfiber ® is made from<br />

partially hydrolysed Indian guar gum (PHGG). The galactomannan<br />

fibre is colourless, odourless and tasteless, and is suitable for a variety<br />

of applications. It can be easily incorporated into existing recipes and<br />

is suitable for use in a wide range of foods and beverages, including<br />

bakery, dairy and confectionery, as well as meat and savoury products.<br />

Other potential applications include dietary supplements and<br />

instant or ready-to-drink beverages. The non-viscous guar bean fibre<br />

does not change the consistency or flavour of the products to which<br />

it is added.<br />

As the fibre is 100 per cent soluble, it dissolves completely in water<br />

and other hot and cold beverages, including smoothies. It has been<br />

used as a dietary supplement in clinical and enteral nutrition for<br />

several years, and is available in different qualities, depending on the<br />

desired application and requirement. Sunfiber ® is also pH, heat and<br />

thaw stable.<br />

It meets the dietary fibre definition of the FDA<br />

(US Food and Drug Administration), and a<br />

food or beverage product can be labelled<br />

as high-fibre if it contains at least 6 g of the<br />

ingredient per 100 g or at least 3 g per 100<br />

kcal. Taiyo also places the highest demands<br />

on the entire supply chain, with all seeds<br />

used being chemically untreated and GMOfree.<br />

Furthermore, no preservatives are used<br />

or added during processing. Sunfiber ® is ISO<br />

certified for its natural production process,<br />

as well as kosher and halal certified, and is<br />

suitable for vegetarian and vegan diets.<br />

References<br />

1<br />

Andrei, Mihai: WHO report: You should eat 25g of fiber every<br />

day – and you probably don’t. ZME Science, 15.01.2019,<br />

https://www.zmescience.com/science/who-report-fibers-<br />

14012019/#:%7E:text=A%20new%20report%20<br />

published%20by,swarm%20of%20other%20health%20<br />

issues. (accessed on 24.03.<strong>2022</strong>)<br />

2<br />

K. M. Neufeld, et al.: Reduced Anxiety-like Behavior and<br />

Central Neurochemical Change in Germ-free Mice. Neurogastroentereol<br />

Motil 23. no. 3 (March 2011): 255-64, e119<br />

3<br />

Diet and Cancer Report downloads: WCRF International,<br />

15.03.<strong>2022</strong>, https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/<br />

resources-and-toolkits/ (accessed on 16.03.<strong>2022</strong>).<br />

4<br />

H. Hara, et al. Increases in Calcium Absorption with<br />

Ingestion of Soluble Dietary Fibre, Guar-Gum Hydrolysate,<br />

Depend on the Caecum in Partially Nephrectomised and<br />

Normal Rats. British Journal of Nutrition 76, 773–784<br />

(1996).<br />

5<br />

M.P. Kapoor, et al. Soluble Dietary Fibre Partially Hydrolysed<br />

Guar Gum Markedly Impacts on Postprandial Hyperglycaemia,<br />

Hyperlipidaemia and Incretins Metabolic<br />

Hormones Over Time in Healthy and Glucose Intolerant<br />

Subjects. Journal of Functional <strong>Foods</strong> 24, 207–220 (2016).<br />

6<br />

Confirmed by the Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food<br />

Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa 25. April 2013.<br />

7<br />

P.R. Gibson and S.J. Shepherd. Evidence-Based Dietary<br />

Management of Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms:<br />

The FODMAP Approach. J. Gastroenterology. Hepatic. 25(2),<br />

252–258 (2010).<br />

For more information, please contact<br />

Dr Stefan Siebrecht<br />

Managing Director at Taiyo GmbH<br />

s.siebrecht@taiyogmbh.com<br />

www.taiyogmbh.com<br />

14 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Microbiome<br />

Photo © : Madhouse<br />

Gut health 2.0 – The increasing role<br />

of the microbiome<br />

Diana Kalustova<br />

Super organ, superorganism, or the<br />

forgotten organ – the human microbiome<br />

is called by many names. And<br />

all of them reflect how important this<br />

“community of microorganisms” is for<br />

the natural everyday functioning of the<br />

human body. But what exactly is the<br />

microbiome? And what is it actually<br />

good for?<br />

The human microbiome consists of trillions<br />

of microorganisms. These include<br />

not only bacteria, but also fungi, parasites,<br />

and viruses. While many of the microorganisms<br />

have not yet been identified, scientists<br />

believe that well over 1,000 different ones<br />

live on us and in us. Each person has their<br />

individual fingerprint of the intestinal microbiota,<br />

determined by one’s DNA 1 . However,<br />

some microorganisms are found in each and<br />

every one of us.<br />

The intestine plays a unique role. By far, the most significant part of<br />

the human microbiome is found here. This is where a high microbial<br />

density meets the intestine-associated lymphoid tissue, which<br />

controls the entire body’s immune response.<br />

Microbes are generally not harmful to us. Rather, they are essential<br />

for maintaining good health. For example, they produce specific vitamins,<br />

break down our food to extract nutrients, teach our immune<br />

system to recognize dangerous invaders, and produce helpful antiinflammatory<br />

compounds that ward off other disease-causing<br />

microbes.<br />

It is not only experts who recognize the ever-increasing importance<br />

of the microbiome. Consumers also embrace the microbiome as an<br />

opportunity to maintain and improve their health. As a result, market<br />

research provider Fortune Business Insights predicts that the global<br />

digestive health market will grow at a compounded annual growth<br />

rate of 7.9 % to reach 71.95 billion US dollars by 2027. Several<br />

factors are driving this growth. One of them is the increasing incidence<br />

of digestive disorders, which are now seen in up to 40 % of the<br />

world’s population.<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

15


Microbiome<br />

It is now a generally accepted consensus that changes in the composition<br />

of our microbiome are associated with numerous diseases. This<br />

means that altering and enriching the microbiome can be used to<br />

maintain health and treat diseases. In particular, the gut microbiota<br />

critically intervenes in metabolism, immune system maturation, and<br />

the function of the central nervous system. This makes the microbiome<br />

a critical organ that influences the entire body.<br />

Gut Health 2.0 goes beyond digestion. Instead, it takes a holistic<br />

approach to health. Current research topics such as gut-immunity<br />

axis, gut-brain axis, gut-skin axis or gut-heart axis show the almost allencompassing<br />

significance of the human gut microbiome for human<br />

health. Axes represent the connections between the gut and individual<br />

human organs.<br />

An increasing number of studies demonstrate the incredible potential<br />

of the microbiome for various bodily functions. For example, it is<br />

now well established that a healthy microbiome is directly related to<br />

the skin’s health. As a multifunctional organ, it requires many micronutrients<br />

that are absorbed through the gut. Similarly, a dysfunctional<br />

microbiome is often closely related to metabolic diseases such as<br />

type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 .<br />

The microbiome also regulates the fitness of the immune system 3 .<br />

Healthy ageing and a longer life are also linked to the microbiome.<br />

A recent study 4 carried out in the United States shows that a high<br />

level of uniqueness and diversity of the microbiome is associated with<br />

increased survival. The microbiome-gut-brain axis takes on particular<br />

importance in studies. It is becoming clear that the composition and<br />

metabolism of the microbiome not only exert an important influence<br />

on mental disorders but also affect weight regulation.<br />

GUT-BRAIN AXIS<br />

GUT MICRO-<br />

BIOTA<br />

G U T - S K<br />

HPA<br />

GUT-<br />

BRAIN-<br />

SKIN<br />

AXIS<br />

I N<br />

BRAIN-SKIN AXIS<br />

A X I S<br />

PSORIASIS<br />

Even fitness and musculature are closely linked to the microbiome.<br />

For example, Swedish researchers 5 from the Karolinska Institute in<br />

Stockholm discovered in mice experiments that gut bacteria strongly<br />

influence normal skeletal muscle function. In any case, a holistic<br />

view of the body is essential for maintaining and improving health.<br />

The latest scientific findings show that a<br />

well-functioning, diverse microbiome has a<br />

central role as a control instrument for many<br />

aspects of the human body.<br />

Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics,<br />

and postbiotics:<br />

the supporters of the microbiome<br />

When something is as essential as the microbiome,<br />

we should do everything we can to<br />

keep it in good shape. Fortunately, the<br />

digestive system comprises several built-in<br />

supporters for this:<br />

Probiotics – the viable microorganisms that<br />

multiply in the gut and, in sufficient quantities,<br />

impart health benefits to the host.<br />

Prebiotics – the non-digestible food components<br />

that boost growth and activity of ba<br />

cteria in the colon. They also block the<br />

binding of harmful bacteria.<br />

Synbiotics – a combination of probiotics and<br />

prebiotics that synergistically combines the<br />

benefits of both.<br />

Postbiotics – byproducts of the fermentation<br />

process. These are soluble factors secreted<br />

by live bacteria or released after bacterial<br />

lysis and provide physiological benefits to the<br />

host. However, for many scientists, the definition<br />

of postbiotics was not clear enough. In<br />

2021, seeking clarity on what qualifies as a<br />

postbiotic, a panel of experts at the International<br />

Scientific Association of Probiotics and<br />

Prebiotics (ISAPP) sought a new definition 6 .<br />

They defined a postbiotic as a “preparation<br />

of inanimate microorganisms and/or their<br />

components that confers a health benefit on<br />

the host”.<br />

Prebiotics – much more than<br />

a trendy product<br />

The demand for advanced prebiotics that<br />

have no side effects and are intended<br />

to support specific areas in the body is<br />

increasing permanently. Certain prebiotics<br />

are particularly beneficial for the microbiome.<br />

They target particular bacteria, which<br />

produce a high amount of short-chain fatty<br />

acids. SCFAs do not have to be modified<br />

during digestion and absorbed directly by the<br />

body. According to current research, shortchain<br />

fatty acids serve as “food”, especially<br />

16 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Microbiome<br />

for those intestinal bacteria with a particular<br />

protective function. They can prevent inflammation<br />

in the body and protect against an<br />

attack by the human organism on the body’s<br />

cells, the cause of numerous autoimmune<br />

diseases such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis,<br />

rheumatism, or allergies. In addition<br />

to strengthening the immune system, shortchain<br />

fatty acids could also help make bones<br />

more stable, alleviate joint inflammation,<br />

lower cholesterol levels or reduce appetite.<br />

An expanding range of candidate probiotic<br />

species and prebiotic substrates is<br />

emerging to address newly elucidated datadriven<br />

microbial niches and host targets.<br />

New variants of microbiome-modulating<br />

interventions are developing overlapping<br />

with, and adjacent to, the probiotic and<br />

prebiotic fields. Personalized nutrition and<br />

precision medicine are increasingly influencing<br />

the targeting and use of probiotics<br />

and pre biotics. As a result, the modulation<br />

of microbial signatures towards finding the<br />

appropriate “piece of the puzzle” to maintain the health of specific<br />

functions or to combat individual disease states is increasing.<br />

High-quality, tested synbiotics can be<br />

the best of both worlds<br />

Nowadays, live microorganisms are increasingly used with special<br />

dietary fibers to combine their health benefits. However, one must<br />

keep in mind that the combination of prebiotics and probiotics is<br />

not always beneficial, as not all of them go together. In any case, it<br />

is crucial to find a high-quality, tested combination. Besides, many<br />

people do not tolerate specific prebiotics well. Many soluble prebiotics<br />

are broken down too quickly by the intestinal flora, possibly<br />

leading to flatulence, bloating, and abdominal pain.<br />

Two examples of new-generation prebiotics that<br />

combine perfectly with probiotics<br />

Sunfiber ® is a water-soluble bean fiber derived from the guar bean.<br />

This is a galactomannan fiber (partially hydrolyzed guar gum, PHGG)<br />

that is very low viscous and non-gelling. It is a perfect ingredient for<br />

patients with irritable bowel syndrome and functional gastrointestinal<br />

disorders. Sunfiber ® is the first dietary fiber certified by Monash<br />

University as a low-FODMAP dietary fiber (fermentable oligosaccha-<br />

20%<br />

C<br />

LIPOSOMAL VITAMIN<br />

HIGH STABILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY<br />

READY-TO-USE SOLUTION<br />

LIQUID FORM :<br />

OPTIMAL EFFICIENCY / ABSORPTION<br />

THE SOLUTION CAN BE FLAVOURED<br />

Made in France<br />

+33(0)2.98.50.41.60 // contact@capsularis.com


Microbiome<br />

rides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols). The effect of<br />

Sunfiber ® on diet-related diseases has been demonstrated in more<br />

than 150 studies. For example, in a recent internal report 7 together<br />

with Probionova ® , the results for Lactobacillus spp. indicate that<br />

almost all microorganisms can actively grow in the presence of<br />

Sunfiber ® .<br />

MicrobiomeX ® is an example of a fruit extract with high flavonoid<br />

content and prebiotic effect. This first-in-class product combines<br />

active ingredients from Citrus Sinensis (Orange) and Citrus Paradisi<br />

(Grapefruit). The unique complex is specifically designed to positively<br />

alter the gut microbiome to support gut health and immune system,<br />

reduce intestinal inflammation and strengthen the gut barrier. MicrobiomeX<br />

® has been validated in multiple proprietary studies showing<br />

a dose-dependent beneficial effect with a daily intake ranging from<br />

250 to 500 mg. In addition, the significant shift in SCFA profile and<br />

the lower calprotectin levels observed suggest a decreased pathogen<br />

load in the gut.<br />

Probionova is one of the most innovative<br />

companies focusing on the microbiome by<br />

developing new probiotic applications. The<br />

young, future-oriented partner company of<br />

Vivatis ® maintains a leading scientific position<br />

in the research and development of<br />

new probiotics/synbiotics. With its in-depth<br />

experience, the company can select the<br />

best strain or an optimum synergy of the<br />

available strains to provide customers with<br />

the highest quality standards and customized<br />

offers. Probionova ® has specialized in<br />

responding to the most diverse wishes and<br />

requirements for probiotics products. The<br />

range extends from various unique probiotic<br />

strains to finished products that are good for<br />

the microbiome.<br />

Difference in Butyrate/total SCFA ratio<br />

after 12 weeks of intervention<br />

Butyrate & total SCFA ratio<br />

0.025<br />

0.02<br />

0.015<br />

0.01<br />

0.005<br />

0<br />

-0.005<br />

-0.01<br />

-0.015<br />

Intervention<br />

Placebo<br />

MicrobiomeX ®<br />

*<br />

*Significant effect on SCFA ratio<br />

after daily application of MicrobiomeX ®<br />

Today, customized product solutions are increasingly in demand<br />

for prebiotic and probiotic products instead of all-in-one products.<br />

They make it easier to meet the diverse requirements of the human<br />

organism, minimize side effects and provide targeted support for<br />

specific areas. The current state of research and product development<br />

is bringing into light a growing number of facts about the diversity<br />

of probiotic strains. They are designed or synergistically combined<br />

with high quality and concentration for the application and function.<br />

References<br />

1<br />

“Identifying personal microbiomes using metagenomics<br />

codes”, Eric A. Franzosa, Katherine Huang, James<br />

F. Meadow, Dirk Gevers, Katherine P. Lemon, Brendan JM<br />

Bohannan, Curtis Huttenhower,<br />

2<br />

“Arrhythmic Gut Microbiome Signatures Predict Risk of<br />

Type 2 Diabetes”<br />

3<br />

Schaupp L et al. Microbiota-induced type I interferons<br />

instruct a poised basal state of dendritic cells. Cell 2020<br />

Mai 06. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.022<br />

4<br />

Wilmanski, T., Diener, C., Rappaport, N., Patwardhan, S.,<br />

Wiedrick, J., Lapidus, J., & Price, N. D. (2021). Gut microbiome<br />

patternreflects healthy ageing and predicts survival<br />

in humans. Nature metabolism, 3(2), 274-286.<br />

5<br />

“The gut microbiota influences skeletal muscle mass and<br />

function in mice”, Shawon Lahiri et al.; Science Translational<br />

Medicine, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5662<br />

6<br />

Aguilar-Toalá, J. E. et al. Postbiotics — when simplification<br />

fails to clarify. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.<br />

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00521-6 (2021).<br />

7<br />

“Probionova report” (2020) Evaluation-of-the-prebioticpotential-of-Sunfiber<br />

For more information, please contact<br />

Diana Kalustova,<br />

Business Development Manager Nutraceuticals,<br />

Vivatis Pharma GmbH<br />

Hamburg, Germany<br />

18 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Bioactives for stress and sleep wellbeing<br />

Lactium ® , a natural bioactive for<br />

mental wellbeing praised by its consumers!<br />

How does stress affect<br />

our mental health?<br />

Stress is part of our modern life: 90 % of<br />

the global population regards itself as being<br />

stressed. Furthermore, WHO statistics were<br />

estimating a worldwide 264 million people<br />

to be affected by anxiety disorders. Those<br />

statistics were last estimated in 2017, way<br />

before covid-19 turned our lives upside<br />

down and the global demand for stress-relief<br />

aids sky-rocketed.<br />

95 % of the global population recognize that<br />

stress and anxiety have an impact on health.<br />

With the pandemics, awareness soared<br />

on how stress can impact mental health<br />

conditions including depression, anxiety,<br />

psychosis and post-traumatic stress disorder<br />

(PTSD).<br />

Lactium ® : a natural ingredient to help<br />

manage stress and sleep disorders<br />

Lactium ® is go-to solution for natural products<br />

lovers. With no addiction or side effects,<br />

this natural milk protein hydrolysate contains<br />

a bioactive peptide with relaxing properties<br />

called alpha-casozepine. Lactium ® acts as<br />

an anxiolytic with an affinity for the GABAA<br />

receptor, more specifically for its benzodiazepine<br />

site.<br />

9 clinical trials on more than 500 volunteers<br />

have already demonstrated Lactium ® efficacy<br />

on stress issues and sleep disturbances, with<br />

a recognition by the scientific community<br />

through several published articles.<br />

In 2021, those were completed by a<br />

consumer study to address a core objective<br />

for all our customers: consumer satisfaction.<br />

8 consumers in 10 are satisfied<br />

with Lactium ®<br />

Our latest study was performed on 300<br />

healthy volunteers, recruited in USA, France<br />

and China for their suffering from moderate<br />

stress and sleep disturbances. They<br />

received a 300 mg dose for 30 days and<br />

their feedbacks were recorded through validated<br />

questionnaires performed by Mérieux<br />

Nutrisciences.<br />

We were proud to receive results showing an<br />

overall 78 % satisfaction, quite evenly split in<br />

78 % for moderate stress and 77 % for sleep<br />

disturbances.<br />

More claims for Lactium ®<br />

As we’ll explain in our conference, this<br />

consumer study enables new claims on<br />

packaging or ad prints for our customers. It<br />

will complete the previously obtained 7 US<br />

FDA structure function claims and 2 South<br />

Korean claims.<br />

Happy consumers’ recognition is now adding<br />

to Lactium ® ’s solid scientific background for<br />

its efficacy on stress and sleep improvement,<br />

in a world where mental health has<br />

become so central to our lives. Incorporated<br />

for more than 20 years in over 300 products,<br />

Lactium ® provides a natural way to regain<br />

plain serenity!<br />

Please visit<br />

Ingredia at Vitafoods in Geneva<br />

May 10 – 12, <strong>2022</strong><br />

booth G100<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

19


Marine ingredients in sports nutrition<br />

A small revolution is underway in the world<br />

of lipids and marine ingredients<br />

Its name, Zooca Lipids or more precisely Calanus finmarchicus.<br />

This zooplankton is the primary biomass of the<br />

Arctic. From sustainable fisheries, it is harvested in Norway,<br />

above the Arctic circle and does not seem to fit into any<br />

box. Neither that of omega-3, nor that of krill oil. Let's dig<br />

into the story of this unique ingredient now distributed in<br />

France by Seanova: Zooca Lipids is about to revolutionize<br />

the sports industry.<br />

The tiny zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus is a dense pack of highperformance<br />

energy, utilized by the inhabitants of the Norwegian sea<br />

as their natural performance nutrition.<br />

The little auk, for instance, feed on Calanus finmarchicus during the<br />

short, arctic summer, to prepare for their long migrations during<br />

winter, where they often fly thousands of kilometres, all the way from<br />

Spitsbergen to Iceland and North- America.<br />

Why is Zooca Lipids, the natural oil from Calanus finmarchicus,<br />

such a powerful performance package of nutrients and energy? This<br />

natural oil is designed by nature to meet the<br />

needs of arctic creatures, who have very<br />

short time to prepare for harsh winter conditions<br />

and therefore depend on valuable<br />

nutrition. These benefits are now available to<br />

the athletes from the human world, as well.<br />

Let´s get a bit technical. What are some of<br />

the differences between Zooca Lipids<br />

and other fats? All lipids comprise a chain<br />

of carbon atoms bound to hydrogen atoms.<br />

Types of fat differ by the number of carbon<br />

atoms in the chain and the number and<br />

location of double bonds between them.<br />

Slight differences in structure may translate<br />

into critical differences in form and function.<br />

Fatty acids in krill oil are mostly bound to<br />

glycerol as phospholipids, whereas fatty<br />

acids in fish oils are present as triglyceri des.<br />

20 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Marine ingredients in sports nutrition<br />

When it is time to perform, you must rely on your heart! Zooca<br />

Lipids benefits cardiac performance by enhancing the pumping efficiency<br />

of the heart, a benefit associated with the ergogenic properties<br />

of policosanols. Zooca Lipids also significantly increased max<br />

heart rate! Together, these effects mean more oxygen and nutrients to<br />

muscles and other cells in the body. No wonder that Zooca Lipids<br />

gains reputation among high-level athletes.<br />

Fig. 1: Chemical differences of Zooca Lipids, shown as wax esters<br />

vs. conventional lipids.<br />

The uniqueness of Calanus finmarchicus-derived lipids is the<br />

chemi cal form of liquid wax esters (Fig. 1). Described chemi cally,<br />

they are fatty acids esterified to policosanols (often called fatty alcohols,<br />

FAOH) as monoesters. Wax esters are distinctly different from<br />

fat in any other marine (or terrestrial) oils in terms of chemistry, bioactivity,<br />

and health benefits.<br />

Zooca Lipids benefits muscle performance because it contains<br />

ergogenic policosanols that helps optimizing muscle function as well<br />

as nature´s most powerful antioxidant astaxanthin, which mitigates<br />

muscles soreness by reducing oxidative stress in muscle tissue. By<br />

increasing fatty acid oxidation, the muscle glycogen can be spared,<br />

delaying onset of muscle fatigue and enhance performance. Zooca<br />

Lipids is a potent mix of numerous omega-3 fatty acids, which<br />

promotes muscle protein synthesis, aiding restitution and preparing<br />

your body for new efforts.<br />

Zooca Lipids also benefits muscle restitution and soreness on<br />

several levels. The rare omega-3 fatty acid Stearidonic Acid gives an<br />

extra anti-inflammatory dimension. Together with the classic omega-3<br />

fatty acids EPA and DHA, Stearidonic Acid forms a potent anti-inflammatory<br />

trio which mitigates inflammation and lays a good foundation<br />

for optimal healing, partly by inhibiting omega-6 conversion and<br />

Stand H190<br />

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Marine ingredients in sports nutrition<br />

partly by being metabolized to anti-inflammatory Specialized Pro-<br />

Resolving Mediators, SPMs, and eicosanoids. Additionally, nature´s<br />

most powerful antioxidant astaxanthin reduces muscle-inflammation<br />

and soreness, leading to faster restitution and shorter time to the next<br />

full-intensity performance.<br />

Many athletes struggle to maintain their body in shape off season.<br />

This is the time of the season when you build the foundation for<br />

seasonal performance and muscles, heart, joints, and ligaments are<br />

exposed to extraordinary strain. During resting periods, it can be a<br />

challenge to maintain the body composition.<br />

Well, we have good news! Zooca Lipids benefits body composition<br />

and both fat reduction and muscle growth have been demonstrated<br />

in clinical trials.<br />

So, why is that so? Free fatty acid receptors are broadly regarded as<br />

nutrient sensors and are involved in the regulation of both inflammatory<br />

and metabolic processes. One of these is the GPR120 (also<br />

known as FFA4) receptor which is expressed in several tissues in the<br />

body, especially within the distal intestine and colon, as well as in<br />

adipose tissue and macrophages. This is a receptor for medium- and<br />

long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids.<br />

Recent studies have shown GPR120 to play cardinal roles in metabolic<br />

disorders via modulation of gut hormone secretion and insulin<br />

sensitivity and body weight regulation.<br />

Whereas other dietary lipids claim their<br />

effects due to rapid absorption, Zooca<br />

Lipids explains it the other way around. The<br />

liquid wax esters from Zooca Lipids are<br />

slowly digested, resulting in delayed release<br />

of multiple bioactive molecules. The unique<br />

chemistry of these new and natural lipids<br />

allows them to withstand the first line of<br />

digestive enzymes, letting the lipids reach<br />

the distal part of the digestive tract without<br />

compromising the bioavailability of the fatty<br />

acids. When the liquid wax ester molecules<br />

ultimately are cleaved during digestion, the<br />

release of highly potent fatty acids activates<br />

GPR120 receptors present in the tissue and<br />

exert its effects. Whereas EPA and DHA are<br />

among the more potent of the common FAs<br />

on GPR120, Stearidonic acid, SDA, has<br />

recently been shown to be one of the most<br />

potent agonists on this central receptor. SDA<br />

is the predominant omega-3 fatty acid in<br />

Zooca Lipids!<br />

This receptor activation helps the body finetune<br />

metabolism of sugar and fat, making it<br />

easier to maintain the optimal body composition.<br />

Athletes report that it is easier to maintain<br />

the ideal body weight and body composition<br />

during off-season.<br />

If you think this was a bit complicated, we<br />

will make it easy for you. Summarized, what<br />

you need to know is that this natural powerpack<br />

of natural fats and nutrients from the<br />

zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus benefits<br />

muscle performance and restitution, heart<br />

pumping efficiency and body composition.<br />

So, do like the little auk: take Zooca Lipids<br />

with you on your sporting adventures!<br />

For more information and insight<br />

into clinical and preclinical results,<br />

please reach out to Seanova<br />

contact@seanova.fr<br />

www.seanova.fr<br />

22 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Ceramides for skin health<br />

Photo © : AdobeStock/Liubov_Levytska<br />

Ceramides: science supported<br />

lipids for skin health<br />

Lea Marchal<br />

As more and more information regarding<br />

ageing skin and its causes becomes<br />

available, consumer awareness continues<br />

to increase at an unprecedented<br />

high. The rise of Holistic Beauty<br />

observed for a few years, is a clear indication<br />

that consumers are now viewing<br />

lifestyle as an important factor in the<br />

appearance of their skin, including<br />

dietary interventions. To make the most<br />

of this opportunity in the Beauty-from-<br />

Within category, brands must develop<br />

food supplements based on ingredients<br />

with demonstrated efficacy, from<br />

natural origin, good for the consumers<br />

and more respectful of the environment.<br />

Seppic, designer of natural<br />

branded active ingredients for the<br />

nutricosmetics field, sheds light on a<br />

solution related to these major trends:<br />

phytoceramides.<br />

Ceramides: their role in skin health and youth<br />

The skin is a three-layer organ constituted of the hypodermis, the<br />

dermis, and the epidermis. The latter layer of the epidermis is called<br />

the stratum corneum and acts as a barrier against the exterior environment.<br />

The stratum corneum is made of skin cells, called corneocytes,<br />

and of lipids found in the intercellular spaces. The lipids are<br />

of different nature (cholesterol, free fatty acids,...) and ceramides are<br />

the major lipid species as they are represented at 50 % in the stratum<br />

corneum’s matrix. They have an essential and structuring role in skin<br />

health by supporting the skin barrier function and maintaining the<br />

water permeability of the skin.<br />

When skin reserves of water are preserved, the skin remains well<br />

moisturized and plump, preventing the apparition of cracks and<br />

scales. However, when we age, the skin becomes particularly thin<br />

and fragile with an impaired skin barrier. The stratum corneum of the<br />

skin, and more particularly its lipids, go through significant changes<br />

under the course of ageing, resulting in pigmentation spots, loss of<br />

elasticity, wrinkles and exacerbated dryness. These changes are now<br />

linked with a significant decrease in ceramides 1 .<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

23


Ceramides for skin health<br />

Opportunities to be leveraged<br />

in the Beauty-from-Within space<br />

A recent report from research firm Mordor<br />

Intelligence states that the global nutricosmetics<br />

market is estimated to register a<br />

CAGR of 8.05 % from 2021 to 2026 4 . The<br />

main factors driving the market are the rising<br />

consumer awareness regarding their skin<br />

problems, such as anti-ageing, wrinkles, hair<br />

loss, scalp problems, etc. These concerns<br />

are more and more associated with poor<br />

nutrition, making food supplements a go-to<br />

preventive beauty management practice.<br />

The preventive, holistic, and eco-conscious<br />

approach is delivering escalated growth of<br />

the skincare-from-within spacet, with offers<br />

that are based on clinically studied active<br />

ingredients.<br />

It is possible to deliver supplemental ceramides orally that provides the<br />

metabolites that are transported through the bloodstream to enable<br />

the skin to restore the ceramides levels in the stratum corneum.<br />

Ingestible ceramides to repair and<br />

strengthen the skin barrier<br />

Photo © : iStock/SrdjanPav<br />

Increasing usage of ceramides in cosmetics products provides now<br />

consistent evidence and awareness on topical ceramides efficiency<br />

in skin hydration and anti-ageing solutions. For the past decades, a<br />

strong scientific focus was observed to study ingestible ceramides,<br />

with evidence demonstrating that the oral use of ceramides is also<br />

highly effective at working to strengthen the skin barrier from within.<br />

A clinical trial on Ceramosides TM , a proprietary extract from Seppic<br />

that contains natural ceramides from wheat, reported significant<br />

improvement in skin moisturization by 16 %, skin elasticity by 18 %<br />

and skin wrinkles by 9 % compared to placebo in just 15 days 2 .<br />

Such a quick action is possible thanks to the composition of the<br />

ingredient in digalactosyl diglycerides (DGDG) combined with the<br />

presence of ceramides. Indeed, DGDG are natural emulsifiers shown<br />

to boost ceramides bioavailability and absorption, making ceramides<br />

building blocks available in the epidermis only 24 h after ingestion 3 .<br />

Ceramosides TM efficacy was also validated by the volunteers participating<br />

in the study, with 75 % of subjects noticing less pulling<br />

sensations<br />

In Europe, the demand for natural ingredients,<br />

influenced by the cosmetics industry,<br />

is visibly increasing and shaping the nutricosmetics<br />

offer. When sourcing ceramides,<br />

a close attention is to be paid on ingredients’<br />

origin, quality and traceability to be<br />

able to answer the consumers’ expectations.<br />

Phytoceramides are plant-based ceramides,<br />

found naturally in plants and grains,<br />

answering the consumer requirements for<br />

clean-label, non-GMO, organic and vegan<br />

solutions.<br />

A solution adapted to the needs of<br />

modern consumers<br />

The strong science behind oral supplementation<br />

with phytoceramides opens the<br />

door for new opportunities in skin beauty.<br />

Ceramosides is a perfectly adapted solution<br />

for modern consumers that are looking<br />

for new ways to address anti-ageing with<br />

demonstrated efficacy and quick action.<br />

Ceramosides offers full body coverage<br />

with results that can be perceived by the<br />

consumers, as it acts rapidly on the visible<br />

layer of the skin.<br />

Ceramosides is a natural oil, suitable<br />

with soft gel capsules and other innovative<br />

galenics such as shots and beverages<br />

thanks to its low dose that makes it suitable<br />

24 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Ceramides for skin health<br />

with stable emulsions. A hydrosoluble powder, obtained from the oil,<br />

also makes it suitable for a wide range of applications other than<br />

tablets and capsules. It can be easily incorporated in trendy dosage<br />

forms such as drinks, gummies, powder sticks or chocolate bites.<br />

Ceramosides also helps manufacturers to address the growing<br />

need for clean label ingredients. Free from additives and preservatives,<br />

Ceramosides is “100 % made in France”, from wheat sourced<br />

and processed in France. It has been granted a GRAS (Generally<br />

Recognized As Safe) status by an external expert panel and is fully<br />

suitable for vegan formulations. It is also available as organic certified<br />

offering an ideal solution for clean beauty products and answering<br />

the growing demand for organic certified supplements.<br />

8 consumers in 10 satisfied<br />

by the improvement<br />

on their stress and sleep<br />

With the increasing demand for nutricosmetics and anti-ageing<br />

ingestible solutions, phytoceramides from wheat represent a natural<br />

and effective solution backed by strong science. With Ceramosides TM ,<br />

Seppic intends to provide a powerful solution for innovative and<br />

attractive anti-ageing and moisturizing products. Scientific research<br />

will continue to demonstrate the potential of ceramides to promote<br />

healthy aging from within, enabling brands to develop appealing and<br />

tasty solutions to this fast-moving market.<br />

References<br />

1<br />

Jonca N. 2019. Ceramides metabolism and impaired epidermal barrier in cutaneous<br />

diseases and skin aging: focus on the role of the enzyme PNPLA1 in the synthesis of<br />

v-O-acylceramides and its pathophysiological involvement in some forms of congenital<br />

ichthyoses. OCL 26: 17.<br />

2<br />

Bizot, V. et al. Improving Skin Hydration and Age-related Symptoms by Oral Administration<br />

of Wheat Glucosylceramides and Digalactosyl Diglycerides: A Human Clinical Study.<br />

Cosmetics 2017, 4, 37.<br />

3<br />

Ueda O, Hasegawa M, Kitamura S. Distribution in Skin of Ceramide after Oral Administration<br />

to Rats. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 2009;24(2):180-<br />

4<br />

https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/nutricosmetics-market<br />

For more information, please contact<br />

Lea Marchal, food engineer<br />

Active Ingredients Product Manager -<br />

Nutrition Activity<br />

SEPPIC - Air Liquide Healthcare Specialty<br />

Ingredients, France<br />

www.seppic.com<br />

STRESS<br />

MANAGEMENT<br />

UNIQUE<br />

& NATURAL<br />

CLINICALLY<br />

PROVEN<br />

REGULATORY<br />

APPROVED<br />

Lactium® is a brand of Ingredia<br />

www.lactium.com<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

25


AMD and micronutrients<br />

Photo © : Adobestock/RFBSIP<br />

Age-related macular degeneration:<br />

Micronutrients for prevention and therapy<br />

Philipp Gebhardt<br />

The so-called “yellow spot” is an area in the centre of the<br />

retina where the photoreceptor cells are particularly densely<br />

arranged. It is the area of sharpest vision. The yellow spot<br />

(Latin “Macula lutea”) owes its name to its coloration, which<br />

is caused by high concentrations of carotenoids that are<br />

stored here and form a natural sunscreen. With increasing<br />

age, there is an increased deposit of metabolic waste<br />

pro ducts in the area of the macula. Together with the incident<br />

light, these deposits catalyse the formation of free radicals,<br />

which damage the photoreceptor cells and result in<br />

degeneration of the macula. For the prevention and treatment<br />

of age-related macular degeneration, certain carotenoids<br />

can improve the protection of the eyes from sunlight.<br />

Together with radical scavenging micronutrients, they can<br />

counteract the increasing damage to the photoreceptor cells.<br />

The lens of the eye bundles the light entering through the pupil at the<br />

back of the eye in such a way that a sharp image can form on the<br />

retina, which is recorded by the light-sensitive outer segments of the<br />

photoreceptor cells. In each eye, around 6 million “cone cells” are<br />

responsible for colour vision and around 120 million “rod cells” for<br />

twilight vision. Conscious, sharp vision is focused on a small area in the<br />

Vitreous body<br />

Lens<br />

Light<br />

Pupil<br />

Cornea<br />

Macula<br />

Optic nerve<br />

Retina<br />

Fig. 1: The light entering the pupil reaches the retina through the cornea,<br />

lens and vitreous body. The macula is a narrowly defined area in the rear,<br />

central area of the retina, through which the visual axis runs and in whose<br />

centre the distribution of light-sensitive sensory cells is at its greatest<br />

density.<br />

26 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


AMD and micronutrients<br />

centre of the retina. The macula lutea (Latin<br />

for “yellow spot”) located here is a place with<br />

a particularly high density of photoreceptor<br />

cells (Fig. 1). The macula owes its yellow<br />

colour to the antioxidant and UV light filtering<br />

pigments lutein and zeaxanthin, which are<br />

contained in 1.000-fold higher concentrations<br />

in this area, compared to blood levels.<br />

About 100,000 cone photoreceptors with<br />

their outer segments are arranged in an<br />

area with a diameter of about 3 mm. Due to<br />

the effect of the concentrated light, around<br />

10,000 outer segments have to be renewed<br />

every night, which can only take place by a<br />

particularly intensive metabolism. Over time,<br />

insoluble degradation products are increasingly<br />

deposited and accumulate in the<br />

retina. A prominent representative of these<br />

residues from proteins and fats is called lipofuscin.<br />

In conjunction with UV light, lipofuscin<br />

catalyses the formation of free radicals.<br />

These are reactive oxygen species that<br />

damage surrounding tissue. With a particularly<br />

powerful radical scavenging system, the<br />

eye can defend itself against oxidative stress.<br />

With increasing age, the capacity of the antioxidative<br />

mechanisms decreases significantly.<br />

Age-related macular degeneration<br />

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)<br />

is a disease of the retina and the choroid<br />

behind it. It usually appears in the form<br />

of visual disturbances, which appear in a<br />

bending of straight lines and in image failures<br />

in areas of the field of vision. Due to<br />

the increased accumulation of lipofuscin in<br />

the retina, the function of the visual cells is<br />

increasingly impaired and they eventually<br />

die off. The patchy disappearance of larger<br />

and larger areas (“geographic atrophy”), in<br />

the advanced stage, is a common cause of severe vision loss in old<br />

age. AMD comes in two forms. The so-called dry form of the disease<br />

accounts for about 80 % of cases. In this form, the ability to see is<br />

increasingly impaired in the central field of vision. In the wet form<br />

of the disease, flat vascular membranes also form under the retina,<br />

which tend to bleed. This can quickly lead to reading blindness. Due<br />

to the demographic development, the number of people affected by<br />

AMD is increasing significantly. In industrialized countries, the disease<br />

is the main cause of blindness in people over 50, followed by glaucoma<br />

and diabetic retinopathy. In Germany, about 12 % of the population<br />

are affected by early stages of AMD. In contrast, about 0.2%<br />

suffer a late form of macular degeneration characterized by choroidal<br />

neovascularization (new blood vessel formation in the retina) with<br />

fibrosis and formation of scars (in wet AMD) or geographic atrophy<br />

(in dry AMD). (1)<br />

The role of mitochondria in AMD<br />

Mitochondria are cell organelles enclosed by a double membrane<br />

in which oxidative phosphorylation, i. e. energy production using<br />

oxygen, takes place. As the “power plants of the cells”, mitochondria<br />

are responsible for generating more than 90% of the energy of<br />

metabolism in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Anaerobic<br />

processes can only produce 2 moles of ATP per mole of glucose.<br />

Aerobic energy production via the respiratory chain located in the<br />

mitochondria can generate 36 moles of ATP from one mole of<br />

glucose. The mitochondria therefore enable energy production to be<br />

18 times more efficient. Electrons are transferred from complex I and<br />

complex II of the respiratory chain to coenzyme Q10, which transfers<br />

them to complex III and via cytochrome C to complex IV. The electrons<br />

are brought to a lower energy level and the released energy is<br />

used to pump protons through the membrane to build up an electrochemical<br />

gradient. At complex IV, the electrons are transferred to<br />

oxygen to form water while consuming protons. The excess protons<br />

between the inner and outer membrane are broken down at complex<br />

V in order to regenerate ATP from ADP and phosphorus with the<br />

energy gained (Fig. 2).<br />

Reactions with oxygen also produce relevant amounts of oxygen radicals<br />

in the mitochondria. By transferring electrons to oxygen, superoxide<br />

radicals (O 2<br />

-) are formed in a magnitude of about two percent of<br />

the oxygen converted. Antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 and anti-<br />

H +<br />

H +<br />

H +<br />

H +<br />

e<br />

Cyt C<br />

Complex<br />

Q10<br />

Complex<br />

e Complex Komplex Complex<br />

I e e<br />

e III<br />

IV<br />

V<br />

Complex<br />

II<br />

NADH NAD+<br />

O 2 2H 2 O<br />

Succinate Fumarate<br />

ADP+P ATP +H<br />

H +<br />

H +<br />

H +<br />

H + 2 O<br />

Fig. 2: The energy from our food is used via the respiratory chain to pump electrons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. At<br />

complex V, the proton gradient is broken down and the released energy is used to regenerate ATP, the cell's energy carrier.<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

27


AMD and micronutrients<br />

oxidant scavenging enzymes can normally neutralize the free radicals<br />

that are formed. If these protective mechanisms are impaired in their<br />

function or the amount of radicals formed exceeds the capacity of the<br />

antioxidative mechanisms, a dangerous state of crisis can develop,<br />

since damage to the respiratory chain complexes by free radicals<br />

further increases radical formation.<br />

In the case of AMD, there is an increased formation of free radicals<br />

primarily because a component of lipofuscin, the so-called A2E<br />

(N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine) has an inhibitory effect on<br />

complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. A2E interrupts the<br />

flow of electrons via cytochrome C to complex IV. As a result, more<br />

electrons are transferred to oxygen at complex III and more superoxide<br />

radicals are formed, which damage proteins and membrane<br />

structures (Fig. 3). (2)<br />

In addition, coenzyme Q10 is a fat-soluble<br />

antioxidant that integrates into cellular<br />

and mitochondrial membrane structures<br />

and protects them from radical-induced<br />

damage. Coenzyme Q10 can regenerate<br />

other antioxidants such as vitamin C and<br />

vitamin E, which can also scavenge more<br />

free radicals. As a result, coenzyme Q10<br />

can protect the body's own structures from<br />

oxidative damage both directly and indirectly.<br />

Due to the increased oxidative stress,<br />

the retina has a relatively high concentration<br />

of coenzyme Q10. However, the levels<br />

decrease significantly with age (Fig. 4). Due<br />

to the decreasing coenzyme Q10 content,<br />

H + Superoxide radicals<br />

. H +<br />

O - 2<br />

.<br />

O - 2<br />

Complex<br />

Q10 e<br />

Q10<br />

Complex<br />

I e e<br />

e III<br />

Complex<br />

II<br />

NADH NAD+<br />

Succinate Fumarate<br />

H +<br />

.<br />

O - H + 2<br />

Complex<br />

IV<br />

N<br />

A2E<br />

OH<br />

Fig. 3: A component of lipofuscin, A2E inhibits the transfer of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. As a result, more<br />

electrons are transferred to oxygen. As a result, more oxygen radicals are formed, which damage membrane structures and respiratory<br />

chain complexes.<br />

Apart from a directly harmful effect of the oxygen radicals, the reduced<br />

ATP formation also has serious consequences that promote the further<br />

progression of the disease. In the area of the macula, the effect of<br />

the concentrated light requires an intensive repair capacity, which is<br />

particularly dependent on the availability of energy in the form of ATP.<br />

Impaired respiratory chain function ultimately results in a decreased<br />

ability to repair photodamage, further deteriorating vision.<br />

The influence of micronutrients<br />

on the pathogenesis of AMD<br />

There is currently no way to treat AMD causally. However, promising<br />

studies have shown that the progression of the disease can be<br />

stopped or at least slowed down by micronutrients that support antioxidant,<br />

anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial function. It could even<br />

be shown that micronutrients such as coenzyme Q10, acetyl-L-carnitine,<br />

omega-3 fatty acids and lutein can significantly improve vision<br />

in people with AMD.<br />

Coenzyme Q10<br />

Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a quinone with a side chain<br />

consisting of 10 isoprene-units that transfers electrons between<br />

respiratory chain complexes and can enhance energy production.<br />

the antioxidant capacity of the tissues<br />

decreases, while the load from oxygen radicals<br />

increases. The positive effect of coenzyme<br />

Q10 supplementation was confirmed<br />

in a clinical study in which 106 participants<br />

Coenzyme Q10-content (nmol/g dry weight)<br />

60<br />

50<br />

40<br />

30<br />

20<br />

10<br />

0<br />

≤ 10 Years<br />

Content retina<br />

Content choroid<br />

≥ 90 Years<br />

Fig. 4: The coenzyme Q10 content of the retina<br />

and the choroid lying under the retina decreases<br />

with increasing age.<br />

28 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


AMD and micronutrients<br />

with AMD received either a dietary supplement<br />

with acetyl-L-carnitine, omega-3 fatty<br />

acids and coenzyme Q10 or a placebo. While<br />

the visual performance in the placebo group<br />

deteriorated significantly in the following 12<br />

months, the participants in the verum group<br />

showed a significant improvement in visual<br />

functions. (3)<br />

Acetyl-L-Carnitine<br />

Carnitine is formed from the amino acids<br />

lysine and methionine and plays an essential<br />

role in the transport of long-chain fatty<br />

acids into the mitochondria. In its acetylated<br />

form, carnitine can more easily cross cell<br />

membranes and act inside the cell. Acetyl-<br />

L-carnitine improves mitochondrial energy<br />

production and reduces lipofuscin deposition<br />

by promoting fat metabolism. In AMD,<br />

supplementation together with coenzyme<br />

Q10 and omega-3 fatty acids can significantly<br />

improve visual parameters and slow<br />

down disease progression. (3)<br />

Omega-3 fatty acids<br />

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are<br />

polyunsaturated fatty acids that belong to the group of omega-3 fatty<br />

acids and form structural components of cell membranes. In the<br />

eye, high concentrations of DHA are stored in the outer segments of<br />

the photoreceptor cells. Omega-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect<br />

on membrane fluidity and the function of membrane-associated<br />

proteins. This makes the membranes of the blood cells more flexible.<br />

They can pass through the narrow capillaries of our blood vessels<br />

more easily and improve tissue oxygenation. In AMD, supplementation<br />

with omega-3 fatty acids can significantly improve antioxidant<br />

capacity. A clinical study with 172 participants was also able to show<br />

a positive influence on the optical density of the macular pigment and<br />

a significantly beneficial effect on blood lipid levels. (4)<br />

Lutein<br />

The carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin are stored in high concentrations<br />

in the macula. They filter out large portions of the high-energy<br />

blue-violet light and serve as “natural sunglasses” that mitigate the<br />

harmful effects of the radiation. With a reduced carotenoid content<br />

in the macula, there is both an increased harmful effect of the lipofuscin<br />

deposits and increased exposure to light, which particularly<br />

Expert in health ingredients and innovative formulations<br />

www.seanova.fr<br />

contact@seanova.fr +33(0)2 98 50 41 60<br />

//<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

29


AMD and micronutrients<br />

affects blue-sensitive photoreceptor cells.<br />

With AMD, the perception of blue and<br />

violet is therefore the first to fail. The colour<br />

impression shifts towards grey to brown. It<br />

could be shown that low carotenoid concentrations<br />

in the macula are causally involved<br />

in the development of AMD and can predict<br />

corresponding eye damage with lead times<br />

of around 20 years. (5) The macular pigment<br />

lutein must be ingested with food because<br />

the body cannot synthesize it from other<br />

carotenoids such as β-carotene. The structurally<br />

related carotenoid zeaxanthin, on the<br />

other hand, can be synthesized from lutein<br />

if required. A recent review that evaluated<br />

data from more than 900 participants with<br />

AMD showed significant improvements in<br />

visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Accordingly,<br />

supplementation of lutein increases<br />

the pigment content of the macula in a dosedependent<br />

manner. (6)<br />

Improving bioavailability through<br />

phospholipids<br />

Coenzyme Q10 and lutein are not soluble in<br />

water and only have a limited solubility in fats.<br />

The active ingredients tend to agglomerate<br />

in the gastrointestinal tract when supplemented<br />

in powder capsule or tablet form.<br />

As a result, only molecules on the surface<br />

of the agglomerates can be absorbed by the<br />

enterocytes of the small intestine, while the<br />

majority pass through the body unchanged.<br />

However, a significant improvement in bioavailability<br />

can be achieved by forming emulsions<br />

with natural phospholipids (lecithin), in<br />

which the active ingredients are present in<br />

small droplets coated with lecithin (Fig. 5).<br />

Lecithin is also a natural component of bile<br />

that facilitates the absorption of dietary fats<br />

and fat-soluble nutrients. A crossover study<br />

was able to show that the bioavailability of<br />

coenzyme Q10 can be improved by a factor<br />

of five with an appropriate formulation. (7)<br />

For more information, please contact<br />

Philipp Gebhardt<br />

65779 Kelkheim, Germany<br />

p.gebhardt@mitotherapie.de<br />

Conclusion<br />

7<br />

2<br />

1<br />

Fig. 5: Improvement of the bioavailability of<br />

coenzyme Q10 by formulation with lecithin: Coenzyme<br />

Q10 is packaged in ultra-small droplets<br />

with natural phospholipids [1]. The absorption<br />

of the coenzyme begins in the mouth via the oral<br />

mucosa [2]. The lecithin shell protects the active<br />

ingredients from the harsh environment of the<br />

stomach [3]. Lecithin is a natural component of<br />

bile that facilitates the digestion of dietary fats<br />

and fat-soluble nutrients [4]. The prepackaged<br />

coenzyme Q10 can be absorbed much better<br />

by the enterocytes of the small intestine [5]. In<br />

the enterocytes, fat-soluble nutrients are packed<br />

into chylomicrons or lipoproteins with the help<br />

of phospholipids [6]. For systemic distribution,<br />

the coenzyme Q10-containing chylomicrons are<br />

released into the lymph and the coenzyme Q10-<br />

containing lipoproteins into the blood [7].<br />

The development of age-related macular<br />

degeneration is promoted by a low carotenoid<br />

content in the macula. The carotenoid lutein<br />

can improve the eye’s natural sun protection<br />

and thus reduce the harmful effects of light<br />

and the light-induced formation of oxygen<br />

radicals. Antioxidants such as coenzyme<br />

Q10 can increase the neutralization capacity<br />

for oxygen radicals and help to protect the<br />

eyes. In addition to its antioxidant effect,<br />

coenzyme Q10 is characterized by the fact<br />

that it improves the function of the respiratory<br />

chain and contributes to energy production.<br />

In addition to a low intake of lutein with<br />

food, smoking and high blood pressure are<br />

considered risk factors for AMD. (8) In addition,<br />

increased concentrations of the toxic<br />

metabolic intermediate homocysteine and<br />

reduced vitamin B12 levels have also been<br />

identified as risk factors. (9)<br />

3<br />

Enterozyte<br />

6<br />

5<br />

4<br />

References<br />

(1) Brandl, C., Stark, K. J., Wintergerst, M., Heinemann,<br />

M., Heid, I. M., & Finger, R. P. (2016). Epidemiologie der<br />

altersbedingten Makuladegeneration. Der Ophthalmologe,<br />

113(9), 735-745.<br />

(2) Suter, M., Remé, C., Grimm, C., Wenzel, A., Jättela, M.,<br />

Esser, P., ... & Richter, C. (2000). Age-related macular<br />

degeneration the lipofuscin componentn-retinyl-n-retinylidene<br />

ethanolamine detaches proapoptotic proteins<br />

from mitochondria and induces apoptosis in mammalian<br />

retinal pigment epithelial cells. Journal of Biological<br />

Chemistry, 275(50), 39625-39630.<br />

(3) Feher, J., Kovacs, B., Kovacs, I., Schveoller, M., Papale,<br />

A., & Gabrieli, C. B. (2005). Improvement of visual functions<br />

and fundus alterations in early age-related macular<br />

degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine,<br />

n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. Ophthalmologica,<br />

219(3), 154-166.<br />

(4) Arnold, C., Winter, L., Fröhlich, K., Jentsch, S.,<br />

Daw czynski, J., Jahreis, G., & Böhm, V. (2013). Macular<br />

xanthophylls and ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty<br />

acids in age-related macular degeneration: a randomized<br />

trial. JAMA ophthalmology, 131(5), 564-572.<br />

(5) Arunkumar, R., Calvo, C. M., Conrady, C. D., & Bernstein,<br />

P. S. (2018). What do we know about the macular<br />

pigment in AMD: the past, the present, and the future.<br />

Eye, 32(5), 992-1004.<br />

(6) Feng, L., Nie, K., Jiang, H., & Fan, W. (2019). Effects of<br />

lutein supplementation in age-related macular degeneration.<br />

PloS one, 14(12).<br />

(7) Wajda, R., Zirkel, J., & Schaffer, T. (2007). Increase of<br />

bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E. Journal of<br />

medicinal food, 10(4), 731-734.<br />

(8) Hyman, L., & Neborsky, R. (2002). Risk factors for agerelated<br />

macular degeneration: an update. Current opinion<br />

in ophthalmology, 13(3), 171-175.<br />

(9) Rochtchina, E., Wang, J. J., Flood, V. M., & Mitchell, P.<br />

(2007). Elevated serum homocysteine, low serum vitamin<br />

B12, folate, and age-related macular degeneration: the<br />

Blue Mountains Eye Study. American journal of ophthalmology,<br />

143(2), 344-346.<br />

30 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


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Minerals in sports nutrition<br />

Photo © : iStock/Neustockimage<br />

Minerals in sports nutrition<br />

Apart from the macronutrients fats, carbohydrates and<br />

proteins an adequate supply of minerals is essential for the<br />

health and performance of athletes. Calcium, Potassium and<br />

Magnesium are among the best-known minerals, but also<br />

trace elements like Iron and Zinc are of high importance –<br />

especially for athletes. These minerals and trace elements<br />

ensure optimal functioning of muscles and nerves, besides<br />

they are involved in the formation of bones and in the regulation<br />

of blood pressure. 1<br />

Athletes have an increased need for minerals<br />

and trace elements due to a higher demand<br />

on the metabolism and the loss through<br />

perspiration. The most common deficient<br />

minerals are Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium,<br />

Potassium as well as Iron, Zinc. 2 Depending<br />

on the type of sport, the intensity and extent<br />

of exercise, and individual factors (e. g. nutritional<br />

behaviour, sweat rate and composi-<br />

Element<br />

Nutrient<br />

Reference<br />

Values 4 (NRV)<br />

Mineral Concentration<br />

in Sweat with approx. 60 min<br />

of physical exercise 5, 6<br />

Functions within the Body<br />

Calcium 800 mg 11–36 mg/l Muscle function – regulation of contraction,<br />

energy metabolism<br />

Magnesium 375 mg 0.84–2.36 mg/l Maintenance of bones, muscle function – counterpart<br />

to Calcium, protein synthesis, energy<br />

metabolism, decrease of tiredness/fatigue<br />

Potassium 2000 mg 167–236 mg/l Blood pressure, muscle function<br />

Iron 14 mg 0.56–1.12 mg/l Formation of red blood cells/haemoglobin,<br />

oxygen transport, reduction of tiredness/fatigue<br />

Zinc 10 mg 0.92–1.23 mg/l Cell protection from oxidative stress, immune<br />

system, metabolism of macronutrients,<br />

protein synthesis<br />

32 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Minerals in sports nutrition<br />

tion), athletes may be at increased risk of<br />

suboptimal supply of some micronutrients. 3<br />

In addition to the daily diet, dietary supplements<br />

can help to ensure the supply of all<br />

important minerals and trace elements.<br />

The detection of mineral deficiency symptoms<br />

is still rather difficult. 1 Usually such<br />

symptoms are unspecific, e. g. general indisposition<br />

or fatigue. As minerals are fixed with<br />

liquid compartments, every loss of water<br />

is also a loss of minerals. 1 Especially for<br />

athletes the replenishment of mineral losses<br />

is of special importance.<br />

Nutrition is an important tool in terms of<br />

performance optimisation and regeneration.<br />

There is no perfect formula to satisfy<br />

every athlete’s personal nutritional needs, as<br />

every sport has its own specific strain on the<br />

human body and every athlete is physically<br />

different. 2<br />

Sports nutrition was a niche sector in the past<br />

and has developed into a growth market. At<br />

the same time, customers became more<br />

diverse. It formerly used to be elite athletes<br />

who would focus nutrition, whereas now it<br />

can be the office worker commuting by bike,<br />

who has an interest in nutrition in order to<br />

support a healthy lifestyle. 7<br />

Power sports<br />

The category “power sports” can be divided into three main areas:<br />

maximum strength, quickness and strength endurance. The goal of<br />

power sports is to set free the highest amount of muscular power<br />

possible over a usually short duration. 1<br />

In addition to the macronutrients, mineral salts are a key factor for<br />

successful competition. Training sessions are not as long as in endurance<br />

sport, a remineralisation during training is not required. 8 Nevertheless,<br />

minerals as important micronutrients ensure that the muscle<br />

can be used up to its full potential, supporting muscle contraction,<br />

energy metabolism as well as the nervous system. 9<br />

Popular sports<br />

The category “popular sports” summarises physically active people,<br />

exercising to keep a certain level of fitness or as a hobby. The category<br />

is nondependent on the type of exercise. As the strains are not<br />

as demanding as those of competing athletes, a coordinated nutrition<br />

is usually not of high importance. Though, nutritional considerations<br />

are not irrelevant for them, as they support the build-up of power and<br />

stamina.<br />

As popular sports are physically demanding as well, sweat is lost<br />

during performance. Compared to competing athletes, “untrained<br />

people” have a different composition of the sweat, due to the fact, that<br />

the organism is not as used to intensive strains. The sweat contains<br />

more minerals as opposed to trained athletes, who are able to recover<br />

some minerals with their sweat glands and whose sweat contains less<br />

minerals in general. 1<br />

Endurance athletes<br />

The main goal of an endurance athlete is to<br />

hold the highest possible power for a specific<br />

period. The need of macronutrients, especially<br />

carbohydrates, is high due to of the<br />

increased amounts of energy, these athletes<br />

transform over a long period.<br />

Besides macronutrients, hydration is an<br />

important factor, endurance athletes should<br />

focus on. As muscle activity produces heat,<br />

the body uses the endothermic effect of the<br />

evaporation of the sweat in order to prevent<br />

the danger of overheating. Perspiration leads<br />

to an increased need for water and minerals,<br />

as sweat contains about 2–3 g of mineral<br />

salts per litre. 1 However, after long lasting<br />

exercises with intensive losses of sweat and<br />

thus minerals, it is generally recommended<br />

to replenish the lost minerals. 8<br />

Photo © : iStock/GlobalStock<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

33


Minerals in sports nutrition<br />

The function of minerals for athletes<br />

Calcium<br />

Calcium is a bivalent metal and corresponds to 1.5 % of the human<br />

bodyweight. 1 About 99 % of the amount is bound in bones and teeth.<br />

Together with phosphate, it is of high importance for their stability. 10<br />

The body uses the Calcium stores in the bones as a reservoir. Additionally,<br />

Calcium plays a key role in regulating various processes in<br />

neural transmission, as well as in the haemostasis, the stabilisation<br />

of cell membranes and the regulation of metabolism-processes. 9<br />

Furthermore, Calcium is responsible for all muscle contractions via<br />

the transmission of stimuli from the neural system to the muscle cell.<br />

A deficiency has an impact on the maximum tension capacity during<br />

strength training. Symptoms like a rising excitability of the muscle or<br />

cramps can be the consequence. 10<br />

Magnesium<br />

Since Magnesium is an activator of all reactions involving ATP<br />

(Adenosine Triphosphate), it is of high importance to physical<br />

performance. 1 The body of a 70 kg adult, contains 20–28 grams of<br />

Magnesium. In combination with Calcium, about 60 % of Magnesium<br />

is stored in the bones as hydroxyapatite. The remaining Magnesium<br />

can be found to 35 % in intracellular and to 5 % in extracellular<br />

solution. 10<br />

The Magnesium is used for growth and stabilization of bones. Additional<br />

functions are to be an essential cofactor of more than 300<br />

enzymes in the metabolism, support of muscle contraction, synthesis<br />

of proteins and nucleic acids as well as the release of hormones<br />

and neurotransmitters. Magnesium is a catalyzer for ATP-dependant<br />

enzyme systems and therefore part of the energy-metabo lism.<br />

Together with Potassium, Calcium and Sodium it is necessary for<br />

the transition of chemical into mechanical energy in the muscles.<br />

Magnesium is the counterpart of Calcium. While Calcium is responsible<br />

for passing on the stimulus to the muscle, Magnesium closes<br />

the ion channel again and prevents the continuous tensioning of the<br />

muscle. 1<br />

A deficiency (hypomagnesemia) hampers the appropriate relaxation<br />

mechanism of Magnesium and can cause spasms and tensions<br />

in muscles. Other signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia<br />

include anything from mild tremors and generalized weakness to<br />

vascular spasms of heart and blood vessels and cardiac arrhythmia.<br />

Hypomagnesemia can be innate or occur due to reduced resorption,<br />

increased excretion or medication but in the most common<br />

cases due to insufficient supply. 11 In Germany alone, 26 % of men<br />

and 29 % of women do not reach the daily amount of magnesium<br />

recommended by the D-A-CH reference values. 11 In addition to a<br />

diet low in Magnesium, sporting activity is also a factor that can lead<br />

to an undersupply. During intensive sporting activity, a high proportion<br />

of Magnesium is lost, especially through sweat. 2 This makes a<br />

balanced Magnesium intake vital, especially for athletes.<br />

Potassium<br />

More than 90 % of Potassium in the human<br />

organism is located in the intracellular<br />

medium. 10 As the most important intracellular<br />

cation, Potassium is responsible for<br />

the maintenance of the intracellular osmotic<br />

pressure and it is involved in many metabolic<br />

processes as well. 12<br />

Symptoms of a Potassium deficiency are<br />

diverse. They vary from apathy, to decreased<br />

neuromuscular stimulation, cramps, gastrointestinal<br />

complaints, tachycardia, kidney<br />

damage, decreased glucose tolerance and<br />

1, 8, 12, 13, 14<br />

cardiac dysfunctions.<br />

Athletes can be at risk of Potassium deficiency<br />

for multiple reasons. For once Potassium<br />

is closely bound to the glycogen<br />

metabolism. During the metabolisation of<br />

glycogen, Potassium is set free, which is<br />

in turn needed for the resynthesis. 1 Moreover,<br />

Potassium is lost through increased<br />

sweating during long strains. 10,12 Especially<br />

endurance athletes prone to heavy perspiration<br />

should therefore be advised to consume<br />

additional Potassium. 15<br />

Iron<br />

Iron is the most important trace element in<br />

the human organism, with body stores of<br />

3–5 g. 10 Nutritional Iron is available as haem<br />

Iron and ionised Iron, respectively Fe (II) and<br />

Fe (III). 16<br />

Iron is a central component of red blood<br />

cells. Without Iron, the blood could not transport<br />

oxygen and supply the muscles. In the<br />

muscle, it is present as the central component<br />

of myoglobin in order to transport<br />

oxygen into the heart and skeletal muscle<br />

tissue. It acts as an antioxidant and is an<br />

important component of the electron transport<br />

chain for the production of ATP. 17<br />

Iron deficiency is associated with altered<br />

metabolic processes. Physical manifestations<br />

of an iron deficiency are e. g. anaemia,<br />

fatigue and weakness, pale skin, brittle<br />

nails. In the field of sports nutrition, Iron is<br />

regarded as one of the most critical micronutrients<br />

18 and counterintuitively iron deficiency<br />

is one of the most commonly diag-<br />

34 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Minerals in sports nutrition<br />

nosed mineral deficiencies in sports medicine.<br />

19 The high incidence of Iron depletion<br />

among athletes is usually linked to an inadequate<br />

energy intake. Factors affecting the<br />

Iron status are e. g. vegetarian diet, periods<br />

of rapid growth, training at high altitudes,<br />

increased Iron losses in sweat, and other<br />

body fluids. 19<br />

Iron is involved in the transport and metabolism<br />

of oxygen for aerobic energy production<br />

during endurance exercise. Athletes<br />

with suboptimal Iron status may experience<br />

reduced exercise capacity and impaired<br />

sports performance. 20 Once an iron deficiency<br />

has developed, the recovering can<br />

take months. 21 The Iron supplementation of<br />

iron-deficient athletes improves blood biochemical<br />

measures and iron status on the<br />

one hand, on the other hand it also increases<br />

work capacity as evidenced by increasing<br />

oxygen uptake, reduces the heart rate and<br />

decreases the lactate concentration during<br />

exercise. 18<br />

utes to the protein synthesis and is involved<br />

in the adaptation process of training stimuli,<br />

process of growth, wound healing and<br />

general functions of the immune system. 19<br />

However, a relatively low Zinc status has<br />

been observed in many athletes, which is<br />

caused by an insufficient intake with food<br />

and increased losses through urine and<br />

sweat. Continuously high exercise volumes<br />

and additional strains induced through<br />

the participation in competitions lead to<br />

increased Zinc losses. As a result, active<br />

athletes generally have higher Zinc requirements.<br />

Especially at risk are high endurance<br />

athletes, athletes using a hypocaloric<br />

diet in order to compete in certain weight<br />

classes and vegetarian or vegan athletes. If<br />

an increased Zinc intake cannot be achieved<br />

through an adjusted diet, supplementation is<br />

1, 10, 19, 22<br />

a sensible remedy.<br />

How to find the best mineral salt<br />

The choice to the anionic part of a mineral<br />

salt is of particular importance. Beside<br />

physi cal and chemical properties like solubility,<br />

pH-value and taste, anions have also<br />

an important influence on the bioavailability<br />

Bioactive Collagen Peptides stimulate<br />

the body's own collagen metabolism<br />

Zinc<br />

Zinc is a trace element with a relatively<br />

small storage capacity in the human body,<br />

compared to Iron. Hence, large quantities of<br />

Zinc cannot be mobilised if higher requirements<br />

arise. Therefore, a constant intake of<br />

Zinc through food or food supplements is<br />

indispensable. 10<br />

Zinc fulfils catalytic, structural and regulatory<br />

functions in the organism and is<br />

involved in more than 300 metalloenzymes,<br />

as a co-factor or as an integral part. As Zincdependent<br />

enzymes are present in all metabolic<br />

areas. It is also involved in almost all<br />

life processes and thus also in antioxidative<br />

mechanisms. Moreover, Zinc itself has an<br />

antioxidative effect, since it is able to bind<br />

to various molecules and to protect them<br />

against oxidative damage. A Zinc deficiency<br />

manifests in a reduced immunological<br />

defence, dermatitis, hair loss, and delayed<br />

wound healing. 10<br />

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Minerals in sports nutrition<br />

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References<br />

1<br />

Baron, D., & Berg, A. (2005). Optimale Ernährung des<br />

Sportlers. Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Verlag.<br />

2<br />

Neumann, G. (2016). Ernährung im Sport. Aachen:<br />

Meyer & Meyer Verlag.<br />

3<br />

Sawka Mn, Burke Lm, Eichner Er, Maughan Rj, Montain Sj,<br />

Stachenfeld Ns. American College of Sports Medicine position<br />

stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports<br />

Exerc. 2007; 39: 377-390.<br />

4<br />

Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament<br />

and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of<br />

food information to consumers<br />

5<br />

Montain Sj, Cheuvront Sn, Lukaski Hc. Sweat mineralelement<br />

responses during 7 h of exercise-heat stress. Int<br />

J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2007; 17: 574-582. doi:10.1123/<br />

ijsnem.17.6.574<br />

6<br />

Chinevere Td, Kenefick Rw, Cheuvront Sn, Lukaski Hc,<br />

Sawka Mn. Effect of heat acclimation on sweat minerals.<br />

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008; 40: 886-891. doi:10.1249/<br />

MSS.0b013e3181641c04<br />

7<br />

Carey, A. (2017). A healthy market - the rise and rise of<br />

sports nutrition. International Journal of Nutraceuticals,<br />

Functional <strong>Foods</strong> and Health Ingredients, vol. 28, issue 6,<br />

S. 6-7.<br />

8<br />

Vollmer, G., & al., e. (1995). Lebensmittelführer 2.<br />

Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.<br />

9<br />

Biesalski, H. K., & ad., e. (2002). Vitamine, Spurenelemente<br />

und Mineralstoffe. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.<br />

10<br />

Hahn, A., & Schuchardt, J. (2011). Minerals - Metabolism,<br />

functions, Requirement. Hamburg: B. Behr's Verlag.<br />

11<br />

https://www.mri.bund.de/fileadmin/MRI/Institute/EV/<br />

NVSII_Abschlussbericht_Teil_2.pdf, 22.03.<strong>2022</strong><br />

12<br />

Scholz, H. (1996). Mineralstoffe + Spurenelemente.<br />

Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.<br />

13<br />

Friesenwinkel, H. (2005). Mineralstoffe. München:<br />

Knaur Ratgeber Verlage.<br />

14<br />

Zimmermann, M. (2003). Mikronährstoffe in der Medizin,<br />

3. Aufl. Stuttgart: Karl F. Haug Verlag.<br />

15<br />

Holmes, N., Bates, G., Zhao, Y., Sherriff, J., & Miller, V.<br />

(2016). The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Sweat Rate and<br />

Sweat Sodium and Potassium Losses in Trained Endurance<br />

Athletes. Annal of Sports Medicine and Research, vol. 3,<br />

issue 2, S. 1-4.<br />

16<br />

Schümann, K., & Weiss, G. (2002). Eisen. In H. Biesalski,<br />

J. Köhrle, & K. Schümann, Vitamine, Spurenelemente und<br />

Mineralstoffe - Prävention und Therapie mit Mikronährstoffen<br />

(S. 137-147). Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.<br />

17<br />

Suedekum, N., & Dimeff, R. (2005). Iron and the athlete.<br />

Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 4, issue 4, S.<br />

199-202.<br />

18<br />

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, A. o., Canada, D. o.,<br />

& Medicine, A. C. (2016). Nutrition and Athletic Performance.<br />

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 48,<br />

issue 3, S. 543-568.<br />

19<br />

Platen, P. (2002). Mikronährstoffe in der Sportmedizin. In<br />

K. Biesalski, J. Köhrle, & K. Schümann, Vitamine, Spurenelemente<br />

und Mineralstoffe - Prävention und Therapie mit<br />

Mikronährstoffen (S. 326-342). Stuttgart: Georg Thieme<br />

Verlag.<br />

20<br />

Koehler, K., Braun, H., Achtzehn, S., Hildebrand, U.,<br />

Predel, H.-G., Mester, J., & Schänzer, W. (2012). Iron status<br />

in elite young athletes; gender-dependent influences of<br />

diet and exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology,<br />

vol. 112, issue 2, S. 513-523.<br />

21<br />

Deakin, V. (2006). Iron depletion in athletes. In L. Burke,<br />

& V. Deakin, Clinical sports nutrition 3 rd ed. (S. Ch. 10 1-9).<br />

Sydney; New York: McGraw-Hill.<br />

22<br />

Fuhrman, J., & Deana, M. (2010). Fueling the Vegetarian<br />

(Vegan) Athlete. Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 9,<br />

issue 4, S. 233-241.<br />

36 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Active ingredients<br />

Photo © : Capsularis/Unsplash<br />

A “new generation” of liposomes<br />

Although liposomes are on the rise, the<br />

products on the market often present<br />

problems of stability, traceability<br />

and organoleptic quality. Drawing on<br />

their expertise in microencapsulation,<br />

Capsularis has developed a unique<br />

liposomal process that places quality<br />

and naturality at the heart of the manufacturing<br />

process, in order offer to their<br />

customers premium liposomes 100 %<br />

Made in France.<br />

Capsularis offers vitamin C liposomes under<br />

the L-VITAL C ® brand. Is it just an additional<br />

offer from a company that made the vectorization<br />

of active ingredients its specialty?<br />

Not exactly: the technology used provides<br />

surprising solutions on the organoleptic level<br />

which renew the application of liposomes.<br />

Natural health supplements contain many<br />

active ingredients, such as vitamins, trace<br />

elements, antioxidants, etc. Digestion can<br />

degrade these active ingredients, or they can be poorly absorbed by<br />

the body. Their effectiveness can therefore be reduced. In order to<br />

improve the assimilation of vitamin C, Capsularis offers you its innovation,<br />

a microencapsulated vitamin C, in liposomal form: L-VITAL C ® .<br />

“When we started to develop a drinkable solution incorporating<br />

our liposomes, we were pleasantly surprised by its very pleasant<br />

taste and its remarkable stability”, reveals Stéphane Lozachmeur,<br />

founder and manager of Capsularis. “This innovation in the field of<br />

liposomes will allow us to bring innovation to our customers”. Innovation<br />

is anchored in the DNA of the company founded in 2008 and<br />

which relies in particular on a microencapsulation process developed<br />

in-house. The company, which has nearly twenty people, has<br />

its own R&D department which is equipped with a pilot lab to validates<br />

the scale-up.<br />

To develop its liposomes, the Capsularis R&D team focused on technologies<br />

for producing lipid vectors used in the pharmaceutical<br />

industry. The company invested in a production unit, which makes it<br />

possible to produce liposomes smaller than 200 nm. Another advantage<br />

of this new production equipment: the technology makes it<br />

possible to produce at low temperatures, which contributes to the<br />

preservation of active ingredients.<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

37


Active ingredients<br />

What is a liposome?<br />

The word liposome, also called “lipid body”, comes from the Greek<br />

lipos, which means fat, and soma, the body. The discovery of<br />

liposomes dates back to the 1960s, during work carried out by Alec<br />

Bangham in Cambridge 1 . Liposomes were initially developed as a<br />

model of biological membranes, through their ability to imitate cell<br />

membranes. They have long been studied as vectors of active principles<br />

2 .<br />

The liposome is a lipid vesicle which carries an active ingredient.<br />

Photo © : Capsularis/Her-bak Médias<br />

The structure of the liposome is similar to the cell membranes of<br />

our body.<br />

Photo © : Capsularis/Her-bak Médias<br />

Liposomes are made up of phospholipids, fatty substances present in<br />

our diet. They are found for example in cereals, nuts, eggs, sunflower.<br />

A phospholipid is composed of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic<br />

tails.<br />

Thanks to its small size and this biomimicry, the liposome fuses with<br />

cell membranes. The active ingredient crosses the intestinal barrier<br />

more easily thanks to a mechanism called endocytosis. The active<br />

ingredient is released directly into the body, its bioavailability is thus<br />

improved.<br />

Thanks to their small size and to the phospholipids that make up<br />

their membrane, liposomes can be absorbed intact by certain cell<br />

types in the intestine. Therefore, vitamin C in liposomal form will<br />

partly bypass the classic absorption pathways which are saturable<br />

and will be more bioavailable than its non-liposomal counterpart. 3<br />

Studies have also shown that liposomal vitamin C is almost twice<br />

as bioavailable in the blood, compared to conventional vitamin C. 4-5<br />

The bioavailability of the active ingredient contained in the liposome<br />

is thus improved.<br />

Liposomes allow:<br />

– A protection of active ingredients from acid attacks in the stomach<br />

– An Improved bioavailability<br />

“We decided to develop our own liposomal formulations to offer on<br />

one hand a product Made in France and on the other hand because<br />

we believed that our expertise in microencapsulation would bring a<br />

differentiating element to the market.”<br />

Photo © : Capsularis/Her-bak Médias<br />

Phospholipids are naturally organized into bilayers, then into<br />

liposomes in which an active ingredient can be encapsulated.<br />

Major breakthrough: Capsularis offers liposomes in a stable liquid<br />

form. There is a plethora of liposomes in powder form on the market,<br />

but liposomes need water to live/exist. Without it, their structure<br />

becomes unstable and breaks down: liposomes become unable to<br />

hold active ingredients in their heart.<br />

38 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Active ingredients<br />

Essential Vitamin C<br />

Ascorbic acid, isolated in 1931 and synthesized<br />

in 1933 by two Nobel Prize winners in<br />

chemistry, is one of the vitamins described<br />

as essential for the optimal functioning of<br />

the human body. However, ascorbic acid<br />

can cause hyperacidity in the body. A more<br />

interesting choice to avoid this hyperacidity<br />

is vitamin C in the form of sodium ascorbate,<br />

which is none other than the sodium<br />

salt of L-ascorbic acid. Since the body is<br />

unable to synthesize vitamin C, we must<br />

find it in our diet.<br />

Vitamin C health benefits are numerous, and<br />

the most famous one is its antioxidant power.<br />

It is also an enzymatic cofactor essential to<br />

many biochemical reactions in the body.<br />

Proven health benefits:<br />

– Helps reduce fatigue<br />

– Strong antioxidant power to neutralize<br />

excess free radicals, essential for cell<br />

protection. It protects cells from oxidative<br />

stress and premature cell aging.<br />

– Contributes to the normal formation of<br />

collagen to ensure the normal function of<br />

the skin, teeth, gums, bones, cartilages<br />

and blood vessels.<br />

– Contributes to the proper functioning of<br />

the immune system (during and after<br />

intense physical exercise) and of the<br />

nervous system<br />

– Contributes to normal psychological<br />

functions<br />

– Contributes to normal energy metabolism<br />

and increases iron absorption.<br />

– Contributes to the regeneration of the<br />

reduced form of vitamin E<br />

L-VITAL C benefits<br />

– Liquid form: optimal efficiency/high<br />

assimilation<br />

– Absence of acidity (gastric), excellent<br />

digestive tolerance<br />

– Superior organoleptic qualities<br />

– Stability of liposomes over time<br />

– Traceability and quality of raw materials<br />

– Liposome size control<br />

– GMO-free, dye-free manufacturing<br />

– Suitable for the vegan diet<br />

– Produced in France, Brittany<br />

References<br />

1<br />

Meybeck A., Les liposomes en cosmétique, l’actualité chimique, 2008, 323-324, p.60.<br />

2<br />

He et al. Adapting liposomes for oral drug delivery. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 9(1),<br />

2019, 36-48.<br />

3<br />

He et al. Adapting liposomes for oral drug delivery. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 9(1),<br />

2019, 36-48<br />

4<br />

Hickey S, Roberts HJ, Miller NJ. Pharmacokinetics of oral vitamin C. J Nutr Environ Med.<br />

2008, 17(3):169–177.<br />

5<br />

Gopi et al. Evaluation and Clinical Comparison Studies on Liposomal and Non-Liposomal<br />

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and their Enhanced Bioavailability. Journal of Liposome<br />

Research, 2020, 1–35.<br />

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No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

39


Antioxidants in baked goods<br />

Photo © : AdobeStock/fabiomax<br />

Natural solutions in baked goods. From early<br />

civilizations to modern innovation!<br />

A few years ago, charred remains of a flatbread baked<br />

14,000 years old, was found in the Jordanian desert. This<br />

fact could attest bread is the most compelling evidence of<br />

humans moving from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural-based<br />

societies. Baking is probably one of the most<br />

ancient processes ever created by human kind. Wheat was<br />

already cultivated by the first civilizations in human history.<br />

They learned that wheat kernels could be grinded and transformed<br />

into flour, and by adding water to it and baking it,<br />

bread would be obtained.<br />

Nowadays, in modern and western societies, baked cereal pro ducts<br />

are one of the most consumed goods, and also one of the main<br />

sources of energy in human nutrition. This high and increasing<br />

demand of baked goods, is driving the manufacturers of the food<br />

industry to keep innovating and developing new formulations that can<br />

meet the quality requirements that the global population demands, in<br />

terms of safety, health and sustainability.<br />

To produce basic products such as bread, biscuits, cakes and pastry,<br />

the baking industry uses a wide range of natural raw materials. The<br />

essential ingredients for all baked products are flour, water and salt.<br />

In addition, for bread products, yeast, fats and minor ingredients can<br />

be included in the recipe.<br />

Therefore, when a new formula of a baked<br />

product is designed, the impact of new<br />

ingredients on the chemical transformations<br />

occurring during the production chain has<br />

to be determined. During preparation and<br />

baking of cereal products, many complex<br />

phenomena occur in the dough, leading to<br />

textural, physicochemical and organoleptic<br />

changes. Among the most important, we can<br />

cite volume expansion, starch gelatinisation,<br />

protein denaturation, fat melting, browning<br />

and formation of flavour compounds.<br />

Also, changing ingredients may have an<br />

impact on the main reactions occurring<br />

during the baking process, such as the<br />

Maillard reaction, caramelisation and lipid<br />

oxidation. The Maillard reaction occurs<br />

between the carbonyl groups of reducing<br />

sugars and the free amine functions of<br />

amino acids, peptides and proteins. Caramelisation<br />

depends on direct degradation<br />

of sugars. Lipid oxidation is a radical chain<br />

reaction, which can be decomposed into<br />

40 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Antioxidants in baked goods<br />

three phases (initiation with formation of<br />

free radicals, propagation and finally termination<br />

with formation of non-radical products).<br />

Whereas the Maillard reaction and<br />

caramelisation need high activation energy<br />

and thus mainly occur during thermal treatments,<br />

lipid oxidation requires low energy<br />

along with oxygen.<br />

Fats impart taste and texture to the product<br />

but because they susceptible to oxidation<br />

leading to the development of rancidity and<br />

off-flavour through the autooxidation or lipid<br />

oxidation reactions, additives, such as antioxidants<br />

are also added to the mixture.<br />

Antioxidants have become an indispensable<br />

group of food additives mainly because<br />

of their unique properties of enhancing<br />

the shelf life of food products without any<br />

damage to sensory or nutritional qualities.<br />

Concerns about the safety of synthetic antioxidants<br />

have given rise to a large body of<br />

research on natural sources of antioxidants.<br />

Natural antioxidants allow food processors<br />

to produce stable products with ‘‘clean’’<br />

labels of all-natural ingredients. They bring<br />

less rigorous burden-of-safety proof than<br />

that required for synthetic products. In addition<br />

to their antioxidant activity, some natural<br />

antioxidants, such as vitamins, minerals,<br />

and enzymes, are also regarded as nutrients<br />

due to their bioactivity.<br />

Tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively<br />

known as tocols, are monophenolic and lipophilic<br />

compounds that are widely distributed in plant tissues. The<br />

main commercial source of natural tocopherols is the soybean oil.<br />

Tocotrienols, less common than tocopherols, are present in palm oil,<br />

rice bran oil, as well ascereals and legumes. Tocopherols and tocotrienols<br />

are classified into alpha, beta, gamma, delta, depending on<br />

their chemical structures. These eight molecules are part of the group<br />

known as vitamin E.<br />

Tocopherols and tocotrienols are primary antioxidants, which act by<br />

terminating the free-radical chain reaction by donating hydrogen or<br />

electrons to free radicals and converting them to more stable products.<br />

Secondary antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, lecithin<br />

or flavonoids can be also added to the products. Secondary antioxidants<br />

can be broadly classified as oxygen scavengers and chelators.<br />

They have a synergic effect, together with tocopherols, as they<br />

act as hydrogen donors to the tocopheryl radical, thereby regenerating<br />

the primary antioxidant. Hence tocopherols can be used at<br />

lower levels if a synergist is incorporated simultaneously in the food<br />

product.<br />

In order to protect the baked goods from oxidation, antioxidants can<br />

be applied either to the final product, or directly to the oil previous<br />

to the mixing of ingredients. To measure the efficacy of tocopherolbased<br />

antioxidants, accelerated oxidation tests have been performed.<br />

In the first experiment, the Rancimat test was used. It is a simple,<br />

quick an efficient way to screen the effectiveness of antioxidants<br />

used in fats and oils. The method is an accelerated oxidation test in<br />

which the oil or fat to be tested is run at elevated temperatures whilst<br />

exposing the sample to air, accelerating the oxidation process of the<br />

oil. Soybean oil, one of the mayor oils in the baking industry, was<br />

mixed with different tocopherol-based natural antioxidants.<br />

Tocobiol ® is a natural antioxidant made from the distillation of a single<br />

raw ingredient, whole non-GMO soybean oil. It naturally contains<br />

mixed tocopherols, plant sterols, squalene and monoglycerides<br />

which provide its unique antioxidant and dispersibility properties.


Antioxidants in baked goods<br />

It can be concluded that the use of tocopherols and its blends with<br />

other secondary natural antioxidants is a very effective method for<br />

protecting the fats and oils present in baking goods towards autoxidation<br />

and avoid rancidity in the final product.<br />

As it can be seen in Table 1, the addition of synergic antioxidants,<br />

such as the flavonoids present in green tea extract, ascorbyl palmitate,<br />

produced a significant increase in the stability of the oil, even<br />

higher than that produces by a tocopherol rich extract.<br />

A second experiment was performed on pretzel dough, using the<br />

RapidOxy method. The principle of this technique lies in the artificial<br />

acceleration of the oxidation process by increasing the temperature<br />

and oxygen pressure, which is in contact with the sample in a<br />

sealed chamber. This method allows us to measure the oxidation of<br />

solid products, such as this case.<br />

References<br />

1. Amaia Arranz-Otaegui, Lara Gonzalez Carretero, Monica N. Ramsey, Dorian Q. Fuller, and<br />

Tobias Richter. “Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago<br />

in northeastern Jordan” PNAS<br />

2. Walker, C.E., and Eustace, W.D. “Wheat Processing” Encyclopedia of Food Grains, vol. 3,<br />

Elsevier Ltd., 2016, pp. 299–304<br />

3. Murielle Maire, Barbara Rega, Marie-Elisabeth Cuvelier, Paola Soto, Pierre Giampaoli.<br />

"Lipid oxidation in baked products: Impact of formula and process on the generation of<br />

volatile compounds”. Food Chemistry 141 (2013) 3510–3518<br />

4. B. Nanditha, P. Prabhasankar. “Antioxidants in Bakery Products: A Review”. Critical<br />

Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 49:1–27 (2009)<br />

5. S. S. Sahi, Campden BRI. “Applications of natural ingredients in baked goods” Natural<br />

Food Additives, Ingredients and Flavourings, 318-332<br />

6. A. Sayago, M.I. Marín, R. Aparicio, y M.T. Morales. “Vitamina E y aceites vegetales”<br />

GRASAS Y ACEITES, 58 (1), ENERO-MARZO, 74-86, 2007<br />

7. Bailey’s Industrial Oils and Fat Products: Sixth Edition, Six Volume Set. Chapter 12.<br />

Edited by Fereidon Shahidi (2005). John Wiley & Son, Inc<br />

For more information, please contact<br />

BTSA<br />

Tecnoalcalá Calle Arroba 4. 28805<br />

Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain<br />

info@btsa.com<br />

www.btsa.com<br />

42 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Oil and fats<br />

Photo © : AdobeStock/anaumenko<br />

Valuable fats<br />

Virgin coconut oil and MCT oil: effective<br />

energy suppliers<br />

The coconut is a real all-rounder:<br />

the nectar of its flowers yields valuable<br />

coconut sugar, whilst refreshing<br />

coconut water is obtained from green<br />

and unripe coconuts. Coconut milk is<br />

a prized vegan and lactose-free milk<br />

substitute and the fatty flesh of the<br />

coconut is used to make many pro ducts<br />

besides milk, such as high-quality<br />

virgin coconut oil and special MCT oil.<br />

These oils are particularly valuable for<br />

their medium-chain fatty acids, since<br />

this makes them important suppliers of<br />

energy. Import Promotion Desk (IPD)<br />

supports Sri Lankan producers of virgin<br />

coconut oil and MCT oil and accompanies<br />

them to the European market.<br />

Special fatty acids<br />

Once the coconut is cracked, the inside<br />

comes to light. If the coconut is ripe this<br />

consists mainly of fruit flesh, with very little coconut water left.<br />

The white flesh tastes sweet and slightly nutty. It contains a mix of<br />

minerals, such as potassium, sodium, iron and magnesium, plenty<br />

of fibre and few carbohydrates. Also, the wide variety of vitamins in<br />

the flesh, including vitamin C, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 and E should<br />

be highlighted.<br />

In addition, coconut flesh is high in fat and calories: it has a fat<br />

content of 36.5 grams per 100 grams. It contains mainly saturated<br />

fatty acids, that means medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). These fatty<br />

acids of medium-chain length, i. e. of six to twelve carbon atoms, can<br />

be split up and digested more easily than the usual dietary fats with<br />

long-chain fatty acids. Therefore, the body can convert them into<br />

energy more quickly, making them very effective energy suppliers.<br />

Example: lauric acid<br />

One of these medium-chain fatty acids is lauric acid. It was named<br />

after “Laurus nobilis“, the Latin name for laurel, and the oil of the<br />

laurel consists largely of lauric acid. Cold-pressed coconut oil is also<br />

known for its high level of lauric acid, which is said to have an antiviral<br />

and antibacterial effect, protect against infections and be good<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

43


Oil and fats<br />

for intestinal health. As a skincare product,<br />

coconut oil is thought to provide protection<br />

against ticks due to the scent of lauric acid.<br />

Coconut oil is also used to treat muscle pain.<br />

Cold pressed: virgin coconut oil<br />

Photo © : Asian Agro<br />

To produce cold-pressed coconut oil, known<br />

as “virgin coconut oil”, the flesh is separated<br />

from the nut and crushed. Before pressing,<br />

the fresh, watery flesh must be dried. The<br />

dried coconut, called “copra”, is then coldpressed<br />

in an oil mill. Virgin coconut oil is<br />

neither bleached, hardened nor deodorised.<br />

The production process has a major influence<br />

on the quality and possible uses of<br />

coconut oil. The IPD companies from Sri<br />

Lanka only offer virgin coconut oil. Through<br />

modern equipment, analytical procedures<br />

and quality management systems they have<br />

specialised in gentle pressing.<br />

Photo © : Nisudha<br />

Photo © : Nisudha<br />

Coconut oil changes its aggregate state<br />

quickly depending on the temperature: at<br />

temperatures below 25 degrees, coconut<br />

oil is solid and white; at temperatures above<br />

that, it becomes clear and liquid. Coconut fat<br />

and oil are therefore not different products,<br />

but are instead coconut oil in solid or liquid<br />

form depending on the ambient temperature.<br />

Virgin coconut oil has the typical nutty and<br />

exotic aroma of the coconut. Due to its high<br />

content of saturated fatty acids, it is also<br />

heat-stable. It is therefore well suited for<br />

cooking and baking, as well as frying and<br />

deep-frying. Another field of application is<br />

cosmetics: coconut oil is often used in skin<br />

care products.<br />

The coconut island: Sri Lanka<br />

Photo © : Nisudha<br />

Sri Lanka is one of the main areas where<br />

coconut palms are cultivated and the<br />

fourth largest global exporter of coconuts<br />

and coconut products. The main focus of<br />

production is in what is known as the coconut<br />

triangle between the towns of Kurunegala,<br />

Chilaw and Puthtalam in the east of the<br />

island. But outside this region too the island<br />

state has a great many coconut plantations,<br />

mainly run by small, family businesses.<br />

44 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Oil and fats<br />

The palms grow to between 20 and 25 metres<br />

high, and the coconuts form in groups in the<br />

crown. Palm climbers regularly ascend the<br />

palms to select and harvest the ripe fruits.<br />

Each palm produces around 70 coconuts<br />

per year. Even though they grow constantly,<br />

the main coconut harvest period on Sri<br />

Lanka is between April and September.<br />

In 2021, the Sri Lankan government decided<br />

to convert its entire agricultural sector to<br />

organic production. Many small farmers<br />

pay attention to sustainable cultivation on<br />

their coconut plantations and have always<br />

refrained from using pesticides due to their<br />

traditional cultivation techniques. The Sinhalese<br />

producers in the IPD programme mostly<br />

work with peasant farmers from the region<br />

who grow organically. Their coconut products<br />

carry the EU organic label and often<br />

also other organic certifications.<br />

Demand for coconuts<br />

IPD supports a number of enterprises from<br />

Sri Lanka in marketing the products they<br />

make from coconuts, particularly the flesh.<br />

Among them is, for example, the company<br />

Nisudha Food Products, which has been<br />

producing a wide range of coconut products<br />

for over 20 years. Particularly noteworthy is<br />

the coconut oil from certified organic coconuts<br />

that Nisudha produces and exports<br />

successfully. This is because the demand for<br />

high-quality virgin coconut oil is particularly<br />

high in Europe.<br />

Extracted: MCT oil<br />

In addition to cold-pressed oil, there is<br />

another speciality from the coconut: MCT oil.<br />

This is produced by extracting the mediumchain<br />

fatty acids from coconut oil. Pure MCT<br />

oil does not occur in nature and coconut fat<br />

contains a mixture of fatty acids. The MCT<br />

fats are therefore obtained through hydrolysis.<br />

capric acids, with eight and ten carbon atoms, are said to be the two<br />

most valuable fatty acids, as they are considered to provide energy<br />

the fastest.<br />

The company Manchiee de Coco joined the IPD programme in 2019<br />

and produces not only virgin coconut oil, but also other coconut products,<br />

including the coconut-based MCT oil. The raw material for this<br />

is cold-pressed coconut oil. During production, the company ensures<br />

a high proportion of the valuable caprylic and capric acids from<br />

natural coconut oil. They are contained in the MCT oil from Manchiee<br />

de Coco in a ratio of 60:40.<br />

MCT oil is clear and watery, as well as odourless and tasteless. It<br />

mixes very well with other liquids and is suitable as an oil in sauces,<br />

salad dressings, shakes and smoothies.<br />

Speciality Bulletproof Coffee<br />

MCT oil is also the central ingredient of the new cult drink Bulletproof<br />

Coffee. Combining it with butter and coffee results in a high-energy<br />

and caffeine-rich drink. It is said to increase attentiveness as well as<br />

performance and concentration.<br />

IPD partner country Sri Lanka<br />

IPD has been supporting small and medium-sized enterprises from<br />

Sri Lanka since 2018, preparing them for the European market and<br />

introducing them to European traders at trade exhibitions in Europe.<br />

Besides the textile industry, the agricultural sector plays a leading role<br />

in Sri Lanka’s export economy. Sri Lanka is the world’s third largest<br />

tea exporter and is particularly well known for its Ceylon tea. Trading<br />

with spices, particularly cinnamon and pepper, is also a long tradition.<br />

Another growing export factor is the coconut and its products.<br />

IPD connects European importers with the carefully selected<br />

producers, opening up new buying sources for them and supporting<br />

them in the procurement process. IPD is funded by the German<br />

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).<br />

For more information, please visit<br />

www.importpromotiondesk.de<br />

Caproic, caprylic, capric and lauric acids<br />

are referred to as medium-chain fatty acids.<br />

Coconut oil has a high proportion of lauric<br />

acid – around 50 percent. There is only a<br />

small amount of caproic acid, which has an<br />

unappealing taste and odour. Caprylic and<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

45


Vitafoods Europe<br />

Photo © : Vitafoods Europe<br />

Vitafoods Europe returns in May <strong>2022</strong><br />

Last October, 22,000 nutraceutical professionals came<br />

together virtually and in person to network, collaborate,<br />

and share knowledge from across the industry at Vitafoods<br />

Europe 2021. Now, Vitafoods Europe is back once again – at<br />

its usual May timeslot – combining an online platform and<br />

the in-person event in Geneva, to re-connect and inspire the<br />

nutraceutical community in an ever-changing, and increasingly<br />

health-conscious, post-COVID world.<br />

By bringing together popular in-person attractions with a lively virtual<br />

programme, Vitafoods Europe is cementing its position as the leading<br />

global event to network, forge long-term collaborations, share ideas,<br />

source innovative ingredients and new suppliers, discover new<br />

product development solutions, and hear from technical experts and<br />

industry thought-leaders.<br />

This year, visitors will be able to access the Vitafoods Europe online<br />

platform a week before the live event (2-13 May) to immerse themselves<br />

in exclusive insight-led content and use the data-driven matchmaking<br />

tool to conduct virtual meetings. Plus, the online platform and<br />

SMART technology enables them to plan their visit to Geneva and set<br />

up in-person meetings in advance to ultimately enhance their experience<br />

and maximise their time at the live event (10-12 May).<br />

Vitafoods Europe <strong>2022</strong> highlights<br />

The comprehensive event agenda explores<br />

key market trends, plus regulatory complexities,<br />

packaging and labelling challenges,<br />

and more – including an enhanced focus<br />

on pressing industry issues, such as mental<br />

wellbeing, women in nutraceuticals and<br />

sustainability. Highlights of this year’s event,<br />

across online and in person, include:<br />

Extensive industry expert insights<br />

With online content and in person presentations<br />

taking place across 4 theatres –<br />

including the Main Stage powered by<br />

Vitafoods Insights, Life Stages, New Ingredients,<br />

and Probiotics theatres – visitors can<br />

explore over 90 hours of content across the<br />

whole event. Expect talks on everything from<br />

the regulatory landscape for probiotic ingredients,<br />

to innovative prenatal supplement<br />

ingredients for child mental health.<br />

46 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Vitafoods Europe<br />

Tailored networking opportunities<br />

This year’s SMART event format allows for<br />

global connectivity across both the in-person<br />

and online platforms. Visitors can find<br />

and connect with potential partners and<br />

suppliers before and during the show using<br />

Informa’s intelligent data-driven matchmaking<br />

service. Facilitating efficient and<br />

effective networking, this connects visitors<br />

and exhibitors with shared goals, the right<br />

backgrounds and in-demand expertise.<br />

Discover the latest innovations<br />

Visitors looking for inspiration for their next<br />

product can tour the New Product and<br />

Ingredient Zones to discover the very latest<br />

ingredient technologies, formulations and<br />

products, as well as exploring new research.<br />

Alternatively, the virtual Innovation Tour<br />

is available in video and audio format, to<br />

complement the live show experience.<br />

Deep dive into trending ingredients<br />

with themed Resource Centres<br />

For those interested in Omega-3 fatty acids<br />

or probiotics and gut health, the tailor-made<br />

Resource Centres offer a deeper dive into<br />

these trending and expanding market areas<br />

via bespoke and exclusive expert content.<br />

Sustainability success stories<br />

With sustainability moving up the priority<br />

list for many brands, Sustainability Corner<br />

enables visitors to explore some of the challenges<br />

and the success stories, with expertled<br />

sessions on how the industry can become<br />

more sustainable.<br />

Photo © : Vitafoods Europe<br />

Following the impact of the pandemic on<br />

consumers globally, as well as the fact that<br />

many of them have busy and stressful daily<br />

lives, mental wellbeing is a key focus for<br />

Vitafoods Europe <strong>2022</strong>. This year, Informa is<br />

also hosting a new Vitafoods Europe Summit<br />

on the topic, offering an in-depth exploration<br />

of the important role of nutrition in mental<br />

wellbeing. Running the day before the exhibition,<br />

9 May, at the Fairmont Grand Hotel in Geneva, the Summit will<br />

offer insights into the latest ingredient science and its practical application<br />

in mental health nutrition solutions.<br />

As the pace of innovation continues to pick up, and with consumer<br />

interest in nutrition and health at an all-time high, there’s never been<br />

a better time to take an active role in the nutraceutical community.<br />

Vitafoods Europe <strong>2022</strong>, which will continue to run in accordance<br />

with the latest Informa AllSecure standards and local Swiss guidance,<br />

is once again set to connect the community, facilitate learning<br />

and discovery, and provide an opportunity to solve the biggest global<br />

health issues, together.<br />

For more information, please visit<br />

https://www.vitafoods.eu.com<br />

Delve into mental wellbeing<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

47


Vitafoods Europe – Preview<br />

GELITA presents cutting-edge solutions for supplements<br />

GELITA, the leading manufacturer of gelatin and collagen peptides,<br />

will be back at Vitafoods in Geneva presenting its latest solutions.<br />

SOLUFORM and VERISOL ® HST are the new smart solutions to<br />

realize fortified gummies for a demanding and growing market.<br />

GELITA ® EC is enabling enteric soft capsules safeguarding sensitive<br />

ingredients through the aggressive gastric environment. And GELITA<br />

Health provides turnkey products with scientifically proven BCP ®<br />

ready to market for the customer in all sales channels. Join our educational<br />

sessions and accept the GELITA <strong>Wellness</strong> Challenge on site.<br />

Healthy but tasty, please<br />

GELITA developed three brand new products for fortified gummy solutions<br />

to deliver all the health benefits that consumers are requesting<br />

while ensuring great taste and texture. Beside all this it secures hassle<br />

free production.<br />

SOLUFORM PE – the protein booster for your confectionery!<br />

SOLUFORM PE is optimized for the production of fruit gummies<br />

with high protein content. By combining the performance of gelatin<br />

and the protein source in one functional ingredient, the manufacturing<br />

of protein enriched gummies gets as easy as possible.<br />

SOLUFORM SR – next generation gelatin for<br />

sugar reduced confectionery!<br />

SOLUFORM SR allows to reduce the sugar concentration of confectionery<br />

without affecting the texture. Thereby a sugar content of a<br />

fruit gummy can be cut down from 70 % to 40 %. Furthermore this<br />

leads to a reduced carbohydrate content. Even no-sugar concepts<br />

are possible using SOLUFORM SR.<br />

VERISOL ® HST for next generation beauty gummies!<br />

VERISOL ® HST is optimized for the production of collagen enriched<br />

fruit gummies. It replaces both, gelatin and collagen peptides and<br />

enables a concentration of 15 % BCP ® in fruit gummies without<br />

affecting the taste and texture of the final product. In this way<br />

VERISOL ® HST is the perfect solution to cater fortified gummies of the<br />

beauty from within segment with the required high dosage of BCP ® .<br />

Safeguard sensitive active ingredients to the intestine<br />

Consumers have been ingesting nutrients in soft capsules for decades<br />

due to their ease of swallowing and convenience. While for some<br />

fills it is important to be released as fast as possible, like analgesics,<br />

for other sensitive substances it is crucial they are transported safely<br />

through the aggressive stomach environment to be released only in<br />

the small intestine. In this way you also can avoid the nagging fishy<br />

burps caused by an early release of omega 3 in the stomach.<br />

Instead of applying an acid-insoluble opaque coating to the capsule<br />

in a second time and cost-consuming production step, GELITA ® EC<br />

allows production of crystal clear enteric soft caps in one single step<br />

using existing equipment.<br />

Innovations for a life in motion<br />

From concept to shelf, our goal is to provide customers with turn-key<br />

BCP ® solutions to create innovative products in their selected application<br />

area from tailor-made recipes to individual packaging. Take<br />

advantage of the GELITA Health expertise, resources, and network<br />

to speed-up your go-to-market! Use your own brand or license one<br />

of the strong international GELITA HEALTH brands – it is up to you.<br />

GELITA<br />

www.GELITA.com<br />

www.GELITA-HEALTH.com<br />

GELITA at Vitafoods, booth I110<br />

Taiyo presents innovative concepts<br />

for natural-based products<br />

Taiyo launches reformulated protein shake concepts in three flavours,<br />

and showcases ingredients that support a long-term healthy lifestyle.<br />

At Vitafoods Europe, functional ingredient expert Taiyo will present<br />

brand new concepts which address current consumer trends, such<br />

as healthy ageing, sports nutrition and clean label products. The<br />

company will showcase new additions to its Sunfiber ® portfolio – an<br />

all-natural, 100 % soluble dietary fiber – as well as its new Sunfiber ®<br />

Water Concept, an optimum hydration offering with health-boosting<br />

properties. It will also present Sunphenon EC, known for its high polyphenol<br />

and catechin content with proven antioxidant effects. Other<br />

highlights at the Taiyo stand include functional ingredients such as<br />

concentrated Moringa seed extract and new Vegemeat concepts.<br />

With Sunphenon EC, Taiyo offers a new variant in addition to existing<br />

green tea extracts. This product in the Sunphenon range is rich<br />

in epicatechin, which is found predominantly in cocoa and green<br />

tea, and has a proven positive effect on the cardiovascular system.<br />

Furthermore, a decrease in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular<br />

diseases is associated with the consumption of flavanols. 1<br />

Therefore it is perfect for elderly people or other consumers who have<br />

problems with muscle health, such as muscle atrophy. The product<br />

has been specially developed for use in instant tea sticks, instant<br />

beverages or supplements.<br />

Vitafoods visitors will also be able to learn more about Taiyo’s Chia<br />

Protein XiaPure ® . Chia seeds are a real health-booster: They contain<br />

essential amino acids necessary for good health and they are an<br />

excellent alternative source of protein for sports nutrition. With<br />

XiaPure ® , a finely milled, high-quality vegan protein powder from<br />

Chile, Taiyo provides a new formulation for their Vegan Protein<br />

Shake. The chia protein makes the mouthfeel much smoother and<br />

Taiyo’s ingredients: Sunfiber ® , Raw Coffee Powder and SunActive ®<br />

Zinc deliver added nutritional value. The concept can be used for<br />

ready-to-drink shakes or protein-enriched ice cream, and is available<br />

in three different flavours.<br />

48 No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong>


Vitafoods Europe – Preview<br />

The third innovation Taiyo is presenting is the Sunfiber ® Water<br />

Concept. With this novelty, Taiyo addresses different target groups,<br />

including the ageing population. This generation often does not<br />

consume enough water or vital nutrients. This unique concept,<br />

however, allows for the production of isotonic drinks that contain less<br />

sugar and additional dietary fibre, allowing for much higher bioavailability<br />

of minerals. It is also possible to customize such beverages by<br />

adding more active ingredients such as Q10 or curcumin, depending<br />

on the target group. For example, children or athletes could benefit<br />

from the Sunfiber ® Water Concept, as these groups are dependent<br />

on a targeted nutrient intake.<br />

Other highlights at the Taiyo stand include the various Sunfiber ®<br />

Blends with different added health benefits, as well as Moringa,<br />

a standardised leaf powder with 1 % glucomoringin that has antiinflammatory<br />

properties, and new concepts surrounding the peabased<br />

meat alternative Vegemeat for various consumer groups.Dr<br />

Stefan Siebrecht, Managing Director at Taiyo’s German subsidiary,<br />

says: “The Corona crisis has had a major impact on consumers<br />

interest in healthy eating. More and more people are questioning the<br />

ingredients in a product, and increasingly want natural and plantbased<br />

alternatives. Taiyo presents solutions and products with which<br />

the industry can meet these demands.”<br />

1<br />

Heiss, C., C. L. Keen and M. Kelm (2010). "Flavanols and cardiovascular<br />

disease prevention." Eur Heart J 31(21): 2583-2592.<br />

TAIYO<br />

www.taiyogmbh.com<br />

Taiyo GmbH at Vitafoods, booth F90<br />

Rousselot ® set to inspire at Vitafoods <strong>2022</strong> with<br />

new consumer study into its unique collagen matrix<br />

for joint care<br />

Rousselot ® , Darling Ingredients’ health brand and the global leader<br />

of collagen-based solutions 1 , invites visitors to booth I114 at Vitafoods<br />

<strong>2022</strong> to discover its latest collagen and gelatin ingredient innovations.<br />

At this year’s event, Rousselot’s exhibition will reintroduce its all-inone<br />

collagen matrix designed to provide joint care solutions for a wide<br />

range of consumer demographics. In addition, the company will spotlight<br />

the benefits of porcine collagen ingredients and its SiMoGel<br />

gelatin solution for innovative nutraceutical gummies.<br />

Visitors to Rousselot’s booth can also make use of the Live Chat<br />

Corner, allowing them to connect and discuss with formulation<br />

experts and also explore tailored technical solutions for their specific<br />

formulation challenges.<br />

Presenting a new perspective on senior joint care<br />

In less than 30 years, the number of people aged 60 years and over is<br />

expected to double, reaching a total of 2.1 billion 2 . In parallel to these<br />

demographic changes, the market value of dietary supplements<br />

aimed at supporting mobility is forecast to grow by 4.7 % CAGR by<br />

2026 3 . The stage is set for a new generation of nutritional solutions,<br />

formulated to support bone and joint health and help an aging global<br />

population keep fit into later life. On Tuesday 10 May at 2:30pm at<br />

the Life Stages Theatre, Dr. Sara De Pelsmaeker, Global Business<br />

Development Health & Nutrition at Rousselot will unveil the findings<br />

of a wide-ranging new study to help brands address these shifting<br />

consumer trends. Through her speech, entitled ‘Joint care innovation<br />

with an all-in-one collagen matrix, fueled by new consumer-based<br />

science’, attendees will discover the impact of Rousselot’s collagen<br />

matrix on the real-world joint care of more than two-hundred people,<br />

all varying in age, gender, and activity level.<br />

Broadening access to science-backed collagen solutions<br />

The company’s flagship collagen brand, Peptan ® is a fully bioavailable<br />

collagen peptide ingredient which delivers a world of science-backed<br />

health benefits, from joint support and bone health, to enhanced skin<br />

and hair beauty. At this year’s Vitafoods event, Rousselot will highlight<br />

the specific advantages of Peptan P, an accessible premium-quality<br />

collagen solution of porcine origin that offers a fast route to market.<br />

Event attendees can experience the functional and sensory properties<br />

of Peptan P on-stand, through specialized samples, including<br />

an oat-based breakfast solution tailored for the nutritional needs of<br />

seniors.<br />

Innovative gelatin solutions for center-filled functional gummies<br />

With an attractive appearance, taste and texture that makes them<br />

easy to swallow, the appeal of nutritional gummies is easy to understand.<br />

Manufacturing this type of delivery format however, can be<br />

a difficult task, as traditional starch molding techniques present a<br />

risk of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) cross-contamination.<br />

Rousselot’s innovative SiMoGel gelatin solution means manufacturers<br />

can produce functional, liquid-center filled gummies using an<br />

inherently hygienic, starch-free molding technique. These innovative<br />

‘gummy caps’ allow for higher and more accurate API dosing, with<br />

virtually no risk of interaction with the gelatin excipient. SiMoGel’s<br />

unique potential can be discovered in person at Rousselot’s booth,<br />

where visitors can sample liquid-center gummies with Ibuprofen,<br />

along with other inspiring application prototypes for the all-in-one<br />

collagen matrix.<br />

1<br />

Global Gelatin Market Insights Forecast to 2026, Calibre Research,<br />

2020.<br />

2<br />

The World Health Organisation, Aging and Health, October 2021,<br />

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-andhealth#:~:text=By%202050%2C%20the%20world's%20population,2050%20to%20reach%20426%20million<br />

3<br />

Euromonitor<br />

Rousselot ®<br />

www.rousselot.com<br />

Rousselot ® at Vitafoods, booth I114<br />

No. 1 April/May <strong>2022</strong><br />

49


Vitafoods Europe – Preview<br />

Keep fit and active into later life<br />

Euromed presents its extended range of Mediterranean fruit and<br />

vegetable extracts for healthy ageing and wellbeing<br />

At this year's Vitafoods Europe, Euromed will showcase its well-known<br />

standardised herbal extracts, the Earth Harmony Organic Extracts ® ,<br />

as well as a growing portfolio of natural ingredients inspired by the<br />

health-promoting properties of the Mediterranean diet. In addition to<br />

lemon, olive, fig, artichoke and pomegranate fruit extracts, the iconic<br />

botanical manufacturer will also showcase its recently launched<br />

sports nutrition ingredient, the spinach-derived Spisar ® . Visitors to<br />

the Euromed booth will learn more about the latest research findings,<br />

health benefits and various applications of these high-quality<br />

extracts, suitable for inclusion in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical,<br />

cosmeceutical, food and beverage finished products.<br />

An ever-increasing older population wishing to stay well into later life<br />

is driving demand for products that support an active and healthy lifestyle.<br />

Euromed’s Wellemon ® , Pomanox ® , Mediteanox ® , ABAlife ® and<br />

Cynamed ® extracts perfectly tap into this trend, as they contain valuable<br />

nutrients that play a key role in the Mediterranean diet and have<br />

been proven to support cardiovascular, metabolic, antioxidant, digestive,<br />

immune and skeletal muscle functions, all of which are critical<br />

for healthy ageing.<br />

Inspired by this nutritional model, Euromed will be highlighting its<br />

portfolio of extracts and presenting its new Spisar ® spinach extract.<br />

Obtained from the nutrient-rich leaves of spinach cultivated in<br />

southern Spain, it is gently processed with the Pure-Hydro Process ® ,<br />

an eco-friendly, proprietary extraction technology that uses only purified<br />

water as a solvent. Spinach leaves have a naturally high content<br />

of phytoecdysteroids, plant secondary metabolites with a wide range<br />

of potential physiological and health benefits, such as improved<br />

physi cal performance and skeletal muscle fitness. Spisar ® is standardized<br />

for 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) – the major naturally-occurring<br />

ecdysteroid in plants.<br />

Researchers from the Sports Physiology Department at the Universidad<br />

Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) 1 , in Spain, investigated<br />

the efficacy of daily consumption of Spisar ® spinach extract<br />

compared to placebo in combination with moderate-intensity skeletal<br />

muscle strength training.<br />

The results of the 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled<br />

trial revealed that supplementation with Spisar ® significantly<br />

improved muscle strength and muscle quality in subjects aged<br />

over 50 compared to a placebo. The published study also highlighted<br />

improvements in muscle mass and quality, as well as quality of life.<br />

The authors concluded that Spisar ® in conjunction with physi cal exercise<br />

may exert overall “all-body strengthening” adaptogenic activity,<br />

and may be beneficial for improving and maintaining muscle health<br />

and fitness, both of which are crucial for healthy ageing.<br />

Andrea Zangara, Head of Scientific Communications & Marketing,<br />

says: “It’s clear that the older generation wants to delay the decline in<br />

physical capacity that comes with age for as long as possible. Preventive<br />

and active measures will help promote mobility and strength.<br />

Both the newly launched and existing Mediterranean fruit and vegetable<br />

extracts will help our customers meet this market demand.”<br />

1<br />

Pérez-Piñero, S.et.al (2021): A 12-Week Randomized Double-Blind<br />

Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial,Evaluating the Effect of Supplementation<br />

with a Spinach Extract on Skeletal Muscle Fitness in Adults<br />

Older Than 50 Years of Age. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4373.<br />

Euromed S.A.<br />

www.euromedgroup.com<br />

Euromed at Vitafoods, booth C94<br />

Impressum<br />

ISSN 2364-8104<br />

<strong>Wellness</strong> <strong>Foods</strong> & <strong>Supplements</strong> | No. 1 /<strong>2022</strong><br />

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