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The IIEF-5 score is the sum of questions 1 to 5. The lowest score is 5 and the highest score 25.Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP- Questions 2 and 3)SEP-Q2: Were you able to insert your penis into your partner's vagina?SEP-Q3: Did your erection last long enough for you to have successful intercourse?Global Assessment Question (GAQ)GAQ-Q1: Has the treatment you have been taking improved your erectile function?GAQ-Q2: If yes, has the treatment improved your ability to engage in sexual activity?H-4
Appendix I. List of Unobtained Articles Anonymous. Sublingual apomorphine: newpreparation. In erectile disorders: a narrowtherapeutic margin. Prescrire Int 2002;11(59):76-79.De Siati M., Saugo M, Franzolin N. The start ofpharmacological activity after sublingualadministration of sildenafil citrate in 30 patientsaffected by erectile dysfunction. Arch Ital UrolAndrol 2003; 75(1):18-20.Gogtay NJ, Bichile SK, Pinto CJ et al. Erectiledysfunction and sildenafil citrate.[comment]. JAssoc Physicians India 2001; 49:871-872.Guay AT, Perez JB, Velasquez E et al. Clinicalexperience with intraurethral alprostadil(MUSE) in the treatment of men with erectiledysfunction. A retrospective study. Medicatedurethral system for erection. Eur Urol 2000;38(6):671-676.Tsai YS, Lin JS, Lin YM. Safety and efficacy ofalprostadil sterile powder (S. Po., CAVERJECT)in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction.Eur Urol 2000; 38(2):177-183.Cecchi M, Sepich CA, Felipetto R et al. Vacuumconstriction device and topical minoxidil formanagement of impotence. Arch Esp Urol 1995;48(10):1058-1059.Brooks DP, Giuliano F. Genitourinary diseases.Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies2005; 2(1):iii-iiv.Anonymous. Erratum: Efficacy and tolerabilityof sildenafil in Indian males with erectiledysfunction: A double-blind, randomized,placebo controlled, crossover study (IndianJournal of Pharmacology (2004) vol. 37 (5)(317)). Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2004;36(6):391.Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways toClinical Trials. Methods & Findings inExperimental & Clinical Pharmacology 2004;26(9):723-753.Martinez-Jabaloyas JM, Gil-Salom M,Villamon-Fort R et al. Prognostic factors forresponse to sildenafil in patients with erectiledysfunction. Eur Urol 2001; 40(6):641-647.Grover JK, Vats V, Ajeeta. Sildenafil(Viagra(TM)). Medico-Legal Update 1998; 3(1-2):67-78.Canale D, Giorgi PM, Lencioni R et al. Longtermintracavernous self-injection withprostaglandin E1 for the treatment of erectiledysfunction. Int J Androl 1996; 19(1):28-32.Chiang H-S, Kao YH, Sheu MT. Papaverineand prostaglandin E1 gel applications forimpotence. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1995;24(5):767-769.Anonymous. Alprostadil for erectile impotence.Drug Ther Bull 1995; 33(8):61-62.Cara AM, Lopes-Martins RAB, Antunes E et al.The role of histamine in human penile erection.Br J Urol 1995; 75(2):220-224.Shabsigh R. Efficacy of sildenafil citrate(VIAGRA) is not affected by aetiology oferectile dysfunction. Int J Clin Pract 1999;102(Jun.):19-20.Padma-Nathan H. Oral sildenafil citrate(VIAGRA) in the treatment of erectiledysfunction: assessment of erections hardenough for sexual intercourse. Int J Clin Pract1999; 102(Jun.):13-15.McMahon C. Comparison of erectile responsesto differing doses of prostaglandin PGE1 in anattempt to standardise pharmacologicaldiagnosis of impotence. Journal of AssistedReproduction & Genetics 1992; 9:265A.Bartlik BD, Kaplan P, Kaplan HS.Psychostimulants apparently reverse sexualdysfunction secondary to selective serotonin reuptakeinhibitors. J Sex Marital Ther 1995;21(4):264-271.I-1
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This report is based on research co
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This document is in the public doma
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AcknowledgmentsThe authors would li
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ContentsExecutive Summary..........
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Table 17: Intra-urethral Treatment:
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Figure 63. Absolute Mean Change Fro
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associated with ED treatments. Two
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ED as a main complaint. In only one
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different formulations/modes of app
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Evidence Report
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flaccidity are no less important th
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prostatectomy, antipsychotic agents
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disease). Furthermore, there is ins
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Analytic FrameworkFigure 1. Analyti
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KQ 3. Harms of pharmaceutical treat
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Figure 2. Modified QUOROM Flow Char
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that included intervention characte
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Prevalence of Hypogonadism (Total S
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stimulation and a challenge test wi
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Overview of Trials79-84,86-88,90,91
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131,137,138,142,143,147,151,155,156
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pectoris occurred in a participant
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statistical test results for the ob
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individual Q1-Q15 items, 104,106,15
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Proportion of participants with hea
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erectile maintenance frequency, IIE
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Oral Treatments — Phosphodiestera
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Patients were instructed to take th
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Results obtained from two trials 19
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improved erections was higher in pa
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Clinically homogenous groups of pat
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Oral Treatments — Phosphodiestera
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The approximate proportion of smoke
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value was not reported). Even thoug
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Tadalafil (20 mg) versus tadalafil
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scheduled dosing regimen (90 percen
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Proportion of patients with improve
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Sublingual Treatments - Apomorphine
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been taking over the past two or fo
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apomorphine (5 and 6 mg: 38 and 49
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heterogeneity with respect to popul
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Finally, two studies reported on wh
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the second study, prolonged erectio
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Moxisylate versus placebo. One tria
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Quantitative SynthesisThere was a l
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erection” versus one placebo trea
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methods of allocation concealment.
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Prazosin (IU) versus placebo. One t
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reported adequate allocation concea
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Hormonal Treatments Literature Sear
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Harms. In the first trial, the diff
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sex with partner (scale 1-6, with =
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daily for 4 weeks followed by concu
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(MEDQoL) score (range 0-100) compar
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group (16.7, 12.5, and 8.3 percent,
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Question 3a. What Are the harms of
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Chapter 4. DiscussionThis evidence
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Question 1: What is the Clinical Ut
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Questions 2-3: What are the Benefit
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Harms. There were no obvious differ
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alone. Compared with trimix alone,
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PhentolamineEfficacy. The results i
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Question 2a-b: Do Specific Patient
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Methodological and Logistic Limitat
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Tables and Figures.Summary TablesTa
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123Study details 1 Study Design Set
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125Table 2: Prevalence of Hypogonad
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127Study Details 2 Study Design Set
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129Table 4: Prevalence of Hypogonad
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131Study Details 5 Study Design Set
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Table 7: Prevalence of Hyperprolact
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135StudyEDDetails 8 Study Design Se
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Table 10: Serious Adverse Events in
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Table 11: Efficacy Results of Tadal
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Treatment Control Relative RiskStud
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Treatment Control Relative RiskStud
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Table 14: Intracavernosal Injection
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StudyAdverse EventsTreatmentGroup%
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StudyAdverse EventsTreatment Contro
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Study / Typeof PatientsOutcome Defi
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Study ED Etiology OutcomeWilliams*1
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Physiologic:60.0 (18/30) 90.0 (27/3
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StudyAdverse EventTreatmentGroup% (
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TreatmentStudy ED Etiology Group% (
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StudyAdverse EventCavallini 1991 Pa
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Study/patient CharacteristicsGooma
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Aversa 2003Men witharteriogenicEDYa
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Study/patientCharacteristicsClopper
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Study/patientCharacteristicsOutcome
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Table 26: Testosterone Treatment: P
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McNicholas2002Patients reporting
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175Table 27: Miscellaneous Treatmen
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177Table 28: Nonarteritic Anterior
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Table 29: Penile Fibrosis in Studie
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StudyStudyDesignPatientsage range 4
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Figure 6. Improved erection (GEQ-Q1
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Figure 11. Visual disturbances (all
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Figure 16. Any adverse events (trea
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Figure 23. The mean IIEF-Q4 score:
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Figure 30. Improved erection (GEQ-Q
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Figure 37. Visual disturbances (all
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Figure 43. IIEF-EF ≥ 26 at follow
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Figure 49. Dyspepsia (all cause)Fig
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Figure 55. Serious adverse events (
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Figure 61. Mean per-patient percent
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Figure 67. Any adverse events (all-
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Figure 73. Any adverse events (all-
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in men with erectile dysfunction. J
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parameters in obese men with erecti
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comparative crossover study. Androl
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153. Shabsigh R. Efficacy of silden
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190.191.Stief C, Porst H, Saenz dT,
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treatment of men with erectile dysf
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randomized trial. J Urol 1997 Oct;1
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moderate and severe ED. Int J Impot
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349.350.351.randomized, placebo-con
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395. Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG.
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PSVRCTRIRIASBPSCSDSETTGTRTWMDpeak s
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dDegDept.Ff/uFHxhrHxIGMmaxminmoNANI
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30. or/24-2931. (ANIMALS not HUMAN)
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27. limit 26 to yr="1990 - 2008"28.
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5. exp clinical trials/6. random$.m
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20. or/17-1921. 16 and 2022. limit
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A systematic review of harms associ
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B-4Summary Table- Randomized Contro
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The Quality Assessment of Studies o
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AuthorFundingN; study design; eligi
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C-10 AuthorFundingN; study design;
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C-146 C5-Intracavernousal Injection
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C-202 C8-Topical Treatments of ED A
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C-216 C9-Testosterone Treatment of
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men with erectile dysfunction and s
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symptoms associated with benign pro
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(84) Zinner N. Do food and dose tim
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(117) Carrier S, Brock GB, Pommervi
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(150) Hagemann JH, Berding G, Bergh
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(183) Moriel EZ, Rajfer J. Sodium b
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(219) Gomaa A, Shalaby M, Osman M e
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(255)(256)dysfunction. Psychopharma
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Adams Henry E, Motsinger Patrice, M
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Althof S E, Turner L A, Levine S B
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Anonymous. Surgery & watchful waiti
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Baker Christine D. A cognitive-beha
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Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous J R. Ga
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Bhatnagar V, Stewart S T, Huynh V e
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Boswell-Smith V, Spina D, Page C P.
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Burke J P, Jacobson D J, McGree M E
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Carson C C. Combination of phosphod
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Chen Y. Acupuncture treatment of fu
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Cooke B M, Breedlove S M, Jordan C
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Daitch J A, Angermeier K W, Lakin M
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Derouet H, Jost W H, Osterhage J et
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Doust J, Miller E, Duchesne G et al
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Elhilali M M. Alfuzosin: An a1-rece
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Ferri C, Giuggioli D, Cazzato M et
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Frucht S J. Parkinson disease: An u
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Ghofrani H A, Pepke-Zaba J, Barbera
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Baldwin D S. Sexual dysfunction ass
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Douglass M A, Lin J C. Update on th
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Hatch J P. Psychophysiological aspe
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Lau D H, Mumtaz F H, Thompson C S e
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Morales A, Heaton J P. Hormonal ere
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Roehrborn C G, McNicholas T. The Ma
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Uckert S, Stief C G, Jonas U. Curre
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Leungwattanakij S, Flynn V, Hellstr
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Musacchio Najah S, Hartrich Molly,
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Akkus E, Kadioglu A, Esen A et al.
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Ashok S, Sigman M. Bioavailable tes
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Briganti A, Salonia A, Gallina A et
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Chinegwundoh F, Anie K A. Treatment
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Dundar S O. Visual loss associated
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Giammusso B, Gattuso U, Vanaclocha
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Hawton Keith, Catalan Jose, Fagg Jo
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Kell P. Cardiovascular safety of si
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Laumann Edward O, West Suzanne, Gla
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Matthew A G, Goldman A, Trachtenber
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Mulhall J P. Deciphering erectile d
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Parsons J K, Marschke P, Maples P e
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Rojewski M T, Korper S, Schrezenmei
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Shabsigh R. Testosterone therapy in
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Tam S W, Worcel M, Wyllie M. Yohimb
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Webb D J, Freestone S, Allen M J et
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Katlowitz N M, Albano G J, Morales
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Sparwasser C, Treiber U, Bahren W e
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van Basten J P, Van Driel M F, Jonk
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Youssef A F, Fort F L, Ronsen B et
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Cooper A J. Evaluation of I-C papav
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Isidori A M, Giannetta E, Gianfrill
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Armstrong D K, Convery A, Dinsmore
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Buvat J, Montorsi F. Safety and tol
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De Rose A F, Giglio M, Traverso P e
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Gana T E, Quizanos L F, Castell R e
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Hatzichristou D G, Apostolidis A, T
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Kim E D, McVary K T. Topical prosta
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Lundberg L, Olsson J-O, Kihl B. Lon
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Moncada I, Jara J, Subira D et al.
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Ohebshalom M, Parker M, Guhring P e
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Rajpurkar A, Dhabuwala C B. Compari
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Shabsigh R. Hypogonadism and erecti
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Terradas C, Levalle O, Nagelberg A
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Yenicerioglu Y, Kefi A, Aslan G et
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Anonymous. New erectile dysfunction
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Bolona E R, Uraga M V, Haddad R M e
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Chen J, Greenstein A, Kaver I et al
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Derby C A, Barbour M M, Hume A L et
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Foulks C J, Cushner H M. Sexual dys
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Hamed S, Mohamed K, El-taher A et a
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Jeong S-J, Park K, Moon J-D et al.
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La Pera G, Franco Giannotti C, Tagg
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Mann R D. Introduction - Tadalafil.
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Montorsi F, Burnett A L. Erectile d
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Ozdel O, Oguzhanoglu A, Oguzhanoglu
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Ramasubbu Rajamannar. Switching to
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Schwartz E J, Wong P, Graydon R J.
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Stolk E A, Busschbach J J, Caffa M
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Vitezic D. A risk-benefit assessmen
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Bancroft J, Smith G, Munoz M et al.
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Knispel H H, Huland H. Influence of
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Padma-Nathan H, Eardley I, Kloner R
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Bai W J, Zhu J C, Jiang H et al. [A
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Carosa E, Martini P, Brandetti F et
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Doggrell S A. Comparison of clinica
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Gingell C, Buvat J, Jardin A et al.
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Heaton J P, Morales A, Adams M A et
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Kloner R A, Mitchell M, Emmick J T.
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Marks L S, Duda C, Dorey F J et al.
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Montorsi F, Guazzoni G, Bergamaschi
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Padma-Nathan H, Goldstein I, Klimbe
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Reznik I, Zemishlany Z, Kotler M et
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Shamloul Rany, Kamel Ihab, E-Mail A
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Tsujimura A, Yamanaka M, Takahashi
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Zippe C D, Kedia A W, Kedia K et al
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Anonymous. Diagnostic and therapeut
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Briganti A, Chun F K H, Salonia A e
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Clough J. CNS-targeted sexual dysfu
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Emilien G. Alprox-TD NexMed Inc. Cu
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Page 1000 and 1001: Kadioglu A, Erdogru T, Tellaloglu S
Page 1002 and 1003: Lebret T, Herve J M, Gorny P et al.
Page 1004 and 1005: Mealy N E. GPI-1485. Drugs of the F
Page 1006 and 1007: O'Sullivan J D. Apomorphine as an a
Page 1008 and 1009: Riley Alan. Oral treatments for ere
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Page 1012 and 1013: Unnikrishnan A G, Rajaratnam S, Ses
Page 1014 and 1015: Zhao L. Clinical observation on the
Page 1016 and 1017: The UO-EPC gratefully acknowledges
Page 1018 and 1019: AuthorYearHellstrom 2005 37 Jadad Q
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Page 1022 and 1023: AuthorTotal AllocationJadad Q-1 Jad
Page 1024 and 1025: AuthorYearSaylan 2006 265 Jadad Q-1
Page 1027: F-10STUDY IDQ1:SpectrumQ2.Selection
Page 1030 and 1031: Figure G-2. Sildenafil (any dose) v
Page 1036 and 1037: Figure G-8. Sildenafil (25 mg) vs.
Page 1038 and 1039: Figure G-10. Vardenafil (any dose)
Page 1040 and 1041: Tadalfil20 mg vs. PlaceboFigure G-1
Page 1042 and 1043: Figure G-14. Tadalafil (20 mg) vs.
Page 1044 and 1045: Figure G-16. Tadalafil (20mg) vs. T
Page 1046 and 1047: 5 = Eleven+ attempts Q7: When you a
Page 1050: El Malik EMA. Erectile dysfunction:
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