Proc. Neutrino Astrophysics - MPP Theory Group

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164 References [1] F. Gatti: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes, Venezia March 1996. [2] P. Meunier: PhD Thesis, University of Genova (1996). [3] F. Gatti et al.: Phys. Lett. B 398 (1997) 415. [4] A. V. Kopylov: Proceedings of the 4th International Solar Neutrino Conference, Heidelberg, April 1997, editor: W. Hampel. P. Meunier: Proceedings of the 4th International Solar Neutrino Conference, Heidelberg, April 1997, editor: W. Hampel. [5] M. Galeazzi et al.: Phys. Lett. B 398 (1997) 187.
OMNIS—A Galactic Supernova Observatory P.F. Smith Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK A type II (or Ib) supernova explosion releases most of its energy as neutrinos and antineutrinos with a time constant of a few seconds, with all three neutrino types and their antiparticles produced in comparable numbers. The emission time profile from a typical model is shown in Fig. 1 [1]. This provides a unique opportunity to discover neutrino properties which are difficult or impossible to determine using terrestrial neutrino sources. In particular a non-zero neutrino mass will alter the time profile arriving at the earth (Fig. 2), allowing direct timeof-flight measurement of the mass of at least one neutrino type. In particular the most likely distance range for Galactic supernovae (∼ 2–20 kpc) is ideal for time-of-flight measurement of a “cosmologically significant” neutrino mass—i.e. a mass in the range 10–100 eV, for which it would form a major component of the mass of the universe and could be a candidate for the Galactic dark matter. Figure 1: Time profiles of neutrinos emitted by supernova explosion. The mu and tau neutrinos have identical profiles when emitted. Figure 2: Effect of non-zero mass on mu/tau neutrino arrival time profile from distance 8 kpc. 165
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arXiv:astro-ph/9801320v1 30 Jan 199
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Preface This was the fourth worksho
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vi S.J. Hardy Quasilinear Diffusion
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viii
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History of Neutrino Physics: Pauli
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Brief an Oskar Klein, Stockholm, vo
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Recent observations with the Hubble
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MACHO sample of ∼100,000 light cu
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Solar Neutrinos
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14 In the depth range where an abun
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16 as follows: (1) All the detector
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18 [3] J.N. Bahcall and H.A. Bethe,
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20 the opacity has a very slowly ch
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22 Status of the Radiochemical Gall
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24 known true source activity. The
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26 Solar Neutrino Observation with
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28 Events/day/kton/bin 0.3 0.25 0.2
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30 log(Δm 2 (eV 2 log(Δm )) 2 (eV
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32 Table 1: Neutrino event rates in
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34 tank and sphere high purity wate
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36 Measurements of Low Energy Nucle
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38 Figure 1: The S(E) factor of 3 H
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40 Solar Neutrinos: Where We Are an
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42 [9] B. Pontecorvo, Chalk River R
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44 Figure 2: The difference between
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Phenomenology of Supernova Explosio
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Figure 2: Theoretical classificatio
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Supernova Rates Bruno Leibundgut Eu
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galaxies, however, and the statisti
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Figure 1: The motions of pulsars re
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Convection in Newly Born Neutron St
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a b Figure 2: Panel a shows the rec
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ference). The angular variations of
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Figure 1: Neutrino luminosity and e
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[9] G.S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan, Astron.
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and the mass-to-luminosity ratio of
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Figure 1: Time variation of superno
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Figure 3: Energy spectra of the sup
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Supernova Neutrino Opacities G.G. R
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Quasilinear Diffusion of Neutrinos
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Assuming a saturated thermal distri
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Anisotropic Neutrino Propagation in
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So far the damping rate corresponds
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Cherenkov Radiation by Massless Neu
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on ω so that they are well approxi
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2 2 / meff,e m eff 1.0 0.5 0.0 elec
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Gamma-Ray Burst Observations D.H. H
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Figure 1: The cumulative distributi
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[7] Lilly, S., in Critical Dialogue
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) Phase Transitions in Neutron Star
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after the collapse began (nb., no e
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Models of Coalescing Neutron Stars
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Figure 2: Contour plots of the mass
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From our torus models we find that
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High-Energy Neutrinos
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110 in gamma-rays. However, the acc
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112 Atmospheric Muons and Neutrinos
Page 122 and 123: 114 Today, however, charm productio
Page 124 and 125: 116 Atmospheric Neutrinos in Super-
Page 126 and 127: 118 number of events 300 200 100 (a
Page 128 and 129: 120 Acknowledgements D.K. is suppor
Page 130 and 131: 122 Key signatures for νµ nucleon
Page 132 and 133: 124 (a.u) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 1
Page 134 and 135: 126 However, in order to operate th
Page 136 and 137: 128 could be gravitationally captur
Page 138 and 139: 130 Ground-Based Observation of Gam
Page 140 and 141: 132 Figure 2: Sensitivities in unit
Page 142 and 143: 134 Crab flux Figure 4: Gamma-ray f
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Page 147 and 148: Helium Absorption and Cosmic Reioni
Page 149 and 150: Non-Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthes
Page 151 and 152: ) Non-standard Neutrino Properties
Page 153 and 154: some heating of the plasma. In cont
Page 155 and 156: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis With Small
Page 157 and 158: Neutrinos and Structure Formation i
Page 159 and 160: Photon and Neutrino Backgrounds The
Page 161 and 162: The (photon) temperature at aeq is
Page 163 and 164: spectrum has therefore changed to 1
Page 165 and 166: Figure 4: Growth of structure in CD
Page 167: Future Prospects
Page 170 and 171: 162 Figure 1: Calorimetric β − s
Page 174 and 175: 166 The frequency of Galactic super
Page 176 and 177: 168 Table 1: Comparison of proposed
Page 178 and 179: 170 Neutrinos in Astrophysics José
Page 180 and 181: 172 N eq 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3
Page 182 and 183: 174 Figure 4: SN 1987A bounds on FC
Page 184 and 185: 176 [5] A. Joshipura and J. W. F. V
Page 186 and 187: 178 Some Neutrino Events of the 21s
Page 188 and 189: 180 2099: Relic Neutrinos And last
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Page 192 and 193: 184 Tuesday, Oct. 21: Supernova Neu
Page 194 and 195: 186 Michael Altmann Technische Univ
Page 196 and 197: 188 Paolo Gondolo Max-Planck-Instit
Page 198 and 199: 190 Patrizia Meunier Max-Planck-Ins
Page 200 and 201: 192 Torsten Soldner Technische Univ
Page 202 and 203: 194 A Experimental Particle Physics
Page 204: 196 C Astrophysics and Cosmology C1
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