Capturing CO2 from ambient air - David Keith

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Outlet CO 2 Concentration [ppm] 425 420 415 410 405 400 background spray on spray off spray effect 10000 10500 11000 time [s] Figure B.10: Measured CO2 concentration during a portion of Trial 11. Horizontal lines indicate the average value over the time span of the line. Valleys are periods with spray turned on while peaks (except the peak labeled “background”) are periods with spray turned off. Difference between averages of adjacent peaks and valleys is taken as a measurement of absorption by the spray. 84
periodic switching of the spray on and off. This allowed better separation of the spray signal from background variation and from absorption by the wetted walls. Additionally, the magnitude of the spray signal in some of these trials was much smaller, 4–15 ppm instead of the 20–40 ppm of earlier trials. Multiple measurements were required to separate the signal from background noise. Figure B.10 shows data from a typical trial. Substantial subjective judgment is used in choosing the bounds of each averaging period. Bounds are chosen to exclude transient effects of when the spray is switched or point of measurement is changed and to exclude regions of noise or otherwise incoherent signal. Each switching cycle is analyzed by an average over at least one “spray on” region and one “spray off” region. The difference between a each pair of averages is taken to be an independent measurement for purposes of estimating uncertainty bounds. Sometimes multiple averages are drawn for one region because significant drift is visible. Averages are paired to be close in time and to avoid effects of visible drift. Data where noise or drift renders peaks incoherent are discarded. This document, including figures and associated data analysis, was created entirely with free software, notably L Y X, LATEX, Grace, and Linux. 85
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Capturing CO2 from ambient air: a f
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For my family, friends, and everyon
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etween the National Science Foundat
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Contents Acknowledgments iv Abstrac
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List of Figures 1.1 Global CO2 emis
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Chapter 1 Introduction The climate
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egeneration at a high enough concen
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1.4 Routes to air capture 1.4.1 Org
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The NaOH approach is the primary su
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there is no compelling reason to ca
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7Na2CO3(l)+5Na2Ti3O7(s) ⇋ 4Na8Ti5
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changing the process design to acco
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Component / source GJ/t-CO2 electri
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Chapter 3 Contactor In this chapter
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the CO2 capture rate in a spray sys
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CO 2 absorption per pass [mol/l] 10
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CO 2 absorption [mmol/pass] 16 14 1
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Figure 3.5: Water loss measured in
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3.3.1 CO2 depletion in air With lon
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where vt,1 and vt,2 are the termina
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surface area [m 2 -surface / m 3 -r
Page 43 and 44: spray mass density [kg / ln(μm)] 1
Page 45 and 46: average surface area [m 2 -spray /
Page 47 and 48: As a bound on the effects of coales
Page 49 and 50: Draft type Height [m] Crosssectiona
Page 51 and 52: 2. Median assumptions, no coalescen
Page 53 and 54: capture system. We can also see tha
Page 55 and 56: Multistage spray One possible solut
Page 57 and 58: Although, the cost of water loss ma
Page 59 and 60: 3.5.6 Solids formation - scaling an
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 4 Cost of air capture Altho
Page 63 and 64: Capital Capacity Electric a Thermal
Page 65 and 66: Component Capital + O&M Energy cost
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 5 Discussion Overview In th
Page 69 and 70: 5.2 Lessons for assessing of future
Page 71 and 72: Bibliography Adams, P. J. and Seinf
Page 73 and 74: IPCC (2001). Climate Change 2001: M
Page 75 and 76: Tzivion, S., Feingold, G., and Levi
Page 77 and 78: F Liquid flow rate in the contactor
Page 79 and 80: Appendix B Experimental details and
Page 81 and 82: Figure B.2: Photograph of completed
Page 83 and 84: Figure B.4: Two cranes lift the rea
Page 85 and 86: fastened together and lined, the re
Page 87 and 88: The prototype has three particle fi
Page 89 and 90: Figure B.7: Sampling points of CO2
Page 91 and 92: In order to calculate CO2 absorbed,
Page 93: Absorbed CO 2 [mol/l] 0.3 0.25 0.2
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Capturing CO2 from ambient air - David Keith

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