A Decade of NEPAD - Economic Commission for Africa - uneca

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24 A Decade of NEPAD: Deepening African Private Sector and Civil Society Ownership and Partnership under the Cotonou Agreement which are developed with respective African regions and countries. Additionally, the EU has established a 250 million Euro facility to support peace keeping efforts on the continent called the EU African Peace Facility. The facility supports the AU’s Peace and Security Council. With the NEPAD Secretariat, the EU has discussed the establishment of a Partnership for Infrastructure to initiate projects that facilitate interconnectivity at a continental level for the promotion of regional integration. In 2005, the EU Commission launched a new EU Strategy for Africa to begin to align its three existing Agreements (the Middle East Development Agreement (MEDA) with North Africa, the Cotonou Agreement with sub-Saharan African states, and the Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement with South Africa) into a more continentally focused strategy. In December 2007, the inaugural Africa-EU Summit was held in Lisbon, Portugal and out of the meeting a Joint Africa-EU Strategy was established toward the development of a long term framework for Africa-EU relations. Eight areas of partnership were identified: ӹ Peace and Security ӹ Democratic Governance and Human Rights ӹ Trade, regional Integration and Infrastructure ӹ Millennium Development Goals ӹ Energy ӹ Climate Change ӹ Migration, Mobility and Employment ӹ Science, Information Society and Space The next Africa-EU Summit will take place in 2010 and one of the main objectives with EU relations with Africa is to promote the attainment of the MDGs. Toward the achievement of the aims of the partnership, the EU has designated several existing financial instruments to support the Africa-EU Partnership, including: ӹ The European Development Fund ӹ The EU Infrastructure Fund for Africa ӹ The European Neighbourhood Policy ӹ The Development Cooperation Instruments ӹ The European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights ӹ The EU’s Common Foreign and Security policy Budget ӹ The African Peace Facility ӹ The AU Peace Fund In particular, the new European Infrastructure Trust Fund for Africa is an innovative financing mechanism of the EU- Africa Partnership on Infrastructure as it brings together the European commission, member states, the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Development Financial Institutions to pool their collective efforts and resources to directly co-finance relevant projects. The Trust Fund also provides grants that will attract and leverage additional funds from other donors and the private sector. The grants cover: interest rate subsidies, technical assistance, project support and insurance premiums. The 87 million Euro facility may grow by an additional 250 million Euros based upon current discussions with the EIB and other donors. The European Union has also become a major supporter of the “Aid for Trade” initiative which was launched in 2005 by the World Trade Organisation. The Aid For Trade initiative promotes the provision of assistance by the international community to developing countries that need to address supply side constraints and to cope with transitional adjustment costs related to trade liberalization. Specific areas of assistance include: trade policy and regulation development and reform, trade development support, trade related infrastructure, capacity development, and trade related government budget adjustment. The EU committed 2.73 billion Euros to Africa in 2007 in support of Aid for Trade programmes, particularly regional integration supporting initiatives. Furthermore, the European Development Fund allocated 645 million Euros to the EAC-COMESA-SADC jointly coordinated North-South Corridor programme which was launched in Lusaka, Zambia in April 2009 27 . The EU has also established a 55 million Euro institutional capacity building initiative for the EU and African Union and launched the ACP-EU Water Facility of 500 million Euros in support of the Millennium Development Goal number 10 which focuses on access to clean water and sanitation. The specific objectives of the Facility are to support: 27 AU/NEPAD African Action Plan 2010-2015: Advancing Regional and Continental Integration in Africa, Strategic Overview, Oct. 16, 2009, p. 16
ӹ Improved governance in water and sanitation and the management of water resources at regional/transboundary, national and local levels; and ӹ Increased access to safe, affordable and sustainable water and sanitation services for the rural and urban poor, through the provision of catalytic funding for infrastructure and services. The majority of this resource is focused on supporting Africa. Furthermore, to support the private sector, the EU has also established ProInvest, which is an EU-ACP partnership programme developed and undertaken by the European Commission on behalf of the ACP countries. Its implementation has been entrusted to an autonomous Management Unit within the Centre for the Development of Enterprise (CDE) under the supervision of EuropeAid, the Co-operation office of the European Commission. ASIAN Support – AASROC and NAASP The bilateral momentum of the various initiatives driven by Japan, China and India, and lesser chronicled Africa focused initiatives by Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia, and the emergence of NEPAD as the principle point of engagement for Africa’s partners, helped pave the way for the first Asian-African Sub-Regional Organizations Conference (AASROC) which was held in July 2003 in Bandung, Indonesia. The exact genesis of the meeting was an inspiration developed at the 8 th convening of the annual Association of South East Asian Nations’ Summit in November 2002. Co-chaired by the Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of South Africa, the conference’s organizers stated that the initiative emanated from a mutual need and interest to build a bridge of cooperation across the Indian Ocean to establish stronger links between Asia and Africa and to establish a dynamic and strategic partnership. The operation of such a partnership would help fulfil the vision of “the first generation of leaders of Asia and Africa who met in Bandung in 1955 and gave voice to the aspirations of their peoples for freedom and equitable prosperity for all”. The conference organizers further believed that the best way to realize such a partnership would be through the format of a dialogue and cooperation among 3. Public Sector Support for NEPAD A Decade of NEPAD Pro-invest’s objective is to promote investment and technology flows to enterprises operating within key sectors in ACP countries. This will be achieved through the provision of support to intermediary organisations and professional associations and through the development of north-south and south-south inter-enterprise partnerships. To date, Pro-invest has been a key supporter of the SADC Business Forum and the COMESA Business Council. With a total budget of €110 million over 7 years, PRO€INVEST was financed under the 8th European Development Fund (EDF). The programme was launched in 2002 and renewed until 2011. 28 28 The Contribution of the Private Sector to the Implementation of the New Partnerships for Africa’s Development, UN OSSA, October 2006, p. 37 the sub-regional organizations of the two continents as represented by their governing bodies. The rationale for this format was based on the fact that the sub-regional organizations have already established effective cooperation among their member countries and at least some of them are already reaching out to establish linkages with each other. They have identified the problems confronting their regions and have begun developing possible solutions. The conveners and delegates of AASROC 2003 further believed that by uniting in a partnership for peace and progress through their sub-regional organizations, the nations of Asia and Africa could produce enormous synergy and contribute greatly to the making of a better world. By resorting to this format, the establishment of the partnership would be manageable while maximum substantive weight would be ensured. The co-sponsors of the conference, Indonesia and South Africa, also agreed that he participants would concentrate on developing modalities for future enhanced cooperation. After intensive recruitment by South Africa and Indonesia within the sub-regional organizations of the two continents, 14 of them agreed to attend the 2003 conference. These included: the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), the Common 25
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