A Decade of NEPAD - Economic Commission for Africa - uneca

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70 A Decade of NEPAD: Deepening African Private Sector and Civil Society Ownership and Partnership The key actors and their involvement at the various stages of the APRM was put forth in a CSO manual developed by the UNECA in 2008. In terms of other ways in which African CSOs have been involved with the implementation of NEPAD, beyond the national APRM processes, some CSO’s have been engaged in more adhoc aspects of the NEPAD Programme: ӹ Sectoral Framework Development – Development declarations by African Heads of State and Government through the African Union have been made in regard to a number of sectors: energy (2001), infectious diseases (2001, 2003, 2006), water (2002, 2004), peace and security (2002), agriculture and food security (2003, 2006), human rights (2003, 2005), governance (2005), education (2006), reconstruction (2006), water and sanitation (2008) and energy and transport (2009). In support of these declarations, policy frameworks have been developed over the past tenyears for virtually all of the key sectors within the NEPAD programme. Furthermore, these sector policy frameworks have been developed through multi-stakeholder consultative processes: ӹ The NEPAD Spanish Fund for African Women Empowerment – Since the establishment of this Fund, 6.3 million Euros have been disbursed in support of 46 projects in 23 countries, supporting gender initiatives in the following areas: democratic governance, agriculture, vocational skills training, micro credit, small and medium enterprises development, eradication of gender based violence, promotion of the participation of women in decision making processes, sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention services, promotion of participation of women in environment conservation practices and management, promotion of human rights and elimination of disparities in primary and secondary education; ӹ The NEPAD e-Africa Youth Programme – In April 2006, the NEPAD e-Africa Commission in conjunction with the South African Department of Communications agreed to support the formation of a NEPAD e-Africa Youth programme. The main objective was to build a cadre of young people who would raise awareness on issues of the Information Society and serve as active participants in building an inclusive Information Society in their countries and on the African continent. Participants came from Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, South Africa, and Tunisia. The meeting came up with NEPAD e-Africa Youth Programme governance structures, roles, terms of reference and rules of procedures. A 3-year programme was agreed upon, which would be presented for adoption at the official launch of the programme that would coincide with the main NEPAD Youth Summit to be held in June 2006. The meeting agreed to foster partnerships with governments, business and civil society. The programme was to be linked to the flagship NEPAD e-schools programme and Governments would form the programme focal points in their respective countries. ӹ The NEPAD Capacity Development Programme – In 2006, the NEPAD Secretariat embarked upon a continent wide engagement process on capacity challenges in Africa. The process facilitated dialogue within Africa and set in motion a process that led to the conceptualization and adoption of a capacity development strategy, The Capacity Development Strategic Framework (CSDF). The related NEPAD Capacity Development Initiative (CDI) has successfully managed to sensitize stakeholders on the Africa-wide CDSF and more targeted work has been undertaken in Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. The CDI’s engagement is aimed at putting into place processes that can enable the mainstreaming of CDSF into National Programmes of Action (NPoA). The CDI is also in the process of developing targeted interventions with stakeholders and sector groups, including agricultural parliamentarians and science linkages in collaboration with various partners, and capacity support to African universities, tertiary and research institutions toward improving their relevance to national, sub-regional and continental development agenda planning processes. ӹ NEPAD Regional Economic Community Engagement with CSOs – In addition to the increasing focus on including CSOs into the various sector programmes of NEPAD, selected regional economic communities have also begun institutionalizing the input of CSOs into their planning and programme implementation processes. SADC and IGAD are two RECS leading the way in this regard. SADC has begun actively engaging CSOs in the development of the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) which is the REC’s strategic framework for deeper regional integration, poverty eradication and sustainable development. CSOs are also institutionalized contributors to the SADC National Committees, responsible for national engagement with SADC policy development matters and for monitoring RISDP implementation. In addition, the
Regional Poverty Observatory, the SADC Council of NGOs, the Southern Africa Trade Unions Council, the SADC Employers Group, and the Association of SADC Chambers of Commerce and Industry all play a role in providing opportunities for CSO engagement in the region. Similar to actions taken by SADC, IGAD has established an NGO and CSO Forum as an interface mechanism for CSO and NGO institutions in the region to work with the REC and individual member states have recognized the positive role that CSOs can play in peace building, peace keeping, and initiatives related to poverty alleviation. In 2006, the IGAD Summit of Heads of States approved the IGAD CSO/NGO Forum and authorized member states to establish national steering committees of CSO/NGO institutions that were involved in regional integration, poverty alleviation, and peace and security. The member states form part of the national steering committees and provide 50% of the funding required for the work of the committee. The CSOs on the steering committee contribute the other half of the funding. Through this structure, IGAD states have undertaken mapping exercises of CSO activity in the region and are working to develop a comprehensive CSO database. 84 Beyond the above-mentioned initiatives, CSO’s have also engaged on an adhoc basis with the NEPAD Secretariat on issues such as CAADP implementation, G8 fora and the aid agenda, climate change, and development finance. When assessing the level and depth of engagement that has developed between the NEPAD process and civil society, it is important to recognize that structurally there has been significant change within NEPAD and with how NEPAD interacts with the African Union. The AU/ NEPAD integration process has taken nearly three years and efforts to finalize AU/ NEPAD alignment are in fact on-going. Parallel to NEPAD’s development has been the development of ECOSOCC and CCP-AU and more formal structures for CSO engagement within the broader AU agenda. These initiatives and the best practice gained from REC engagement initiatives will inform and enable improved CSO interaction within all elements of NEPAD. Furthermore, the APRM process continues to hold promise for CSO involvement within African member states. 84 Adhoc Expert Group Meeting on Assessment and Way Forward after 5 Years: The Role of Civil Society and the Private Sector in the Implementation of the NEPAD Programme, RCM-ECA, pp.11-13 5. NEPAD and the African Civil Society Today A Decade of NEPAD Yet, opportunities to contribute alone will not facilitate the level of participation required to make NEPAD a people centred initiative with grass roots buy-in, support and resource mobilization. There are specific challenges to increased CSO engagement in the NEPAD processes that need to be addressed: ӹ Operational and Technical Capacity Deficiencies – Many African CSOs lack adequate technical capacity and analytical skills to effectively champion the tenets of NEPAD and to conduct policy analysis and programme review to ensure that their constituents view points and needs are incorporated adequately into NEPAD programmes. Thus, training, capital, mentoring and other support are needed to develop stronger and more able CSO organizations, generally, and toward effective CSO participation in the NEPAD process, specifically; ӹ Increased Institutionalized Communications Channels – Notwithstanding the very important platform and clear space given to CSOs to participate in the APRM process, and despite the establishment of a CSO focal point officer in the NEPAD Secretariat, there is a greater need by the Secretariat to develop, publish and promote a clear roadmap of consistent engagement with CSOs in all facets of the NEPAD programmes – in a way similar to the IPSAD programme within the NEPAD e-Africa Commission. Most CSOs in Africa still do not have a firm understanding of how to engage with NEPAD – at the national level, sub-regional level, continental level nor in regard to the various programmatic components to the AU/NEPAD African Action Plan. ӹ Lack of ECOSOCC/ AU CSOs Engagement in NEPAD Process – While considerable effort has been made over the past ten years to engage CSOs in the AU processes, significantly less has been done to incorporate the NEPAD programme into the discussions that are held between the AU and the CSOs that it has mobilized. While it is likely that this will be addressed in the coming years as the NEPAD programme is more fully integrated into the AU structures, a strategy, plan of action and results framework to make the connection materialize is needed. ӹ Lack of Adequate Inter-Civil Society Dialogue – Most civil society organizations in Africa are young institutions and have the various operational challenges mentioned earlier in this report. There are also international CSO organizations, which most often are better resourced, that are also active in Africa. At times these two groups have clashed over who has the greater 71
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