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ALIEN INTERVIEW - THE NEW EARTH - Earth Changes and The ...

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during these experiments led directly to his widespread promotion of the drug <strong>and</strong> the<br />

subsequent development of hippie culture."<br />

Reference: Wikipedia.org<br />

83 ..."Dark Ages"...<br />

"It is generally accepted that the concept (Dark Ages)was created by Petrarch in the 1330s.<br />

Writing of those who had come before him, he said, "Amidst the errors there shone forth<br />

men of genius, no less keen were their eyes, although they were surrounded by darkness<br />

<strong>and</strong> dense gloom." Christian writers had traditional metaphors of "light versus darkness" to<br />

describe "good versus evil". Petrarch was the first to co-opt the metaphor <strong>and</strong> give it secular<br />

meaning by reversing its application. Classical Antiquity, so long considered the "dark" age<br />

for its lack of Christianity, was now seen by Petrarch as the age of "light" because of its<br />

cultural achievements, while Petrarch's time, lacking such cultural achievements, was seen<br />

as the age of darkness.<br />

As an Italian, Petrarch saw the Roman Empire <strong>and</strong> the classical period as expressions of<br />

Italian greatness. He spent much of his time traveling through Europe rediscovering <strong>and</strong><br />

republishing the classic Latin <strong>and</strong> Greek texts. He wanted to restore the classical Latin<br />

language to its former purity. Humanists saw the preceding 900-year period as a time of<br />

stagnation. <strong>The</strong>y saw history unfolding, not along the religious outline of St. Augustine's Six<br />

Ages of the World, but in cultural (or secular) terms through the progressive developments of<br />

classical ideals, literature, <strong>and</strong> art.<br />

Petrarch wrote that history had had two periods: the classic period of the Greeks <strong>and</strong><br />

Romans, followed by a time of darkness, in which he saw himself as still living. Humanists<br />

believed one day the Roman Empire would rise again <strong>and</strong> restore classic cultural purity, <strong>and</strong><br />

so by the late 14th <strong>and</strong> early 15th century, humanists such as Leonardo Bruni believed they<br />

had attained this new age, <strong>and</strong> that a third, Modern Age had begun. <strong>The</strong> age before their<br />

own, which Petrarch had labeled dark, thus became a "middle" age between the classic <strong>and</strong><br />

the modern."<br />

Reference: Wikipedia.org<br />

84 "... the basic laws of physics..."<br />

"<strong>The</strong> early modern period is seen as a flowering of the Renaissance, in what is often known<br />

as the "Scientific Revolution", viewed as a foundation of modern science. Historians like<br />

Howard Margolis hold that the Scientific Revolution began in 1543, when Nicolaus<br />

Copernicus received the first copy of his De Revolutionibus, printed in Nuremberg<br />

(Nürnberg) by Johannes Petreius. Most of its contents had been written years prior, but the<br />

publication had been delayed. Copernicus died soon after receiving the copy.<br />

Further significant advances were made over the following century by Galileo Galilei,<br />

Christiaan Huygens, Johannes Kepler, <strong>and</strong> Blaise Pascal. During the early seventeenth<br />

century, Galileo made extensive use of experimentation to validate physical theories, which<br />

is the key idea in the modern scientific method. Galileo formulated <strong>and</strong> successfully tested<br />

several results in dynamics, in particular the Law of Inertia. In Galileo's Two New Sciences,<br />

a dialogue between the characters Simplicio <strong>and</strong> Salviati discuss the motion of a ship (as a<br />

moving frame) <strong>and</strong> how that ship's cargo is indifferent to its motion. Huygens used the<br />

motion of a boat along a Dutch canal to illustrate an early form of the conservation of<br />

momentum.<br />

218

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