ALIEN INTERVIEW - THE NEW EARTH - Earth Changes and The ...
ALIEN INTERVIEW - THE NEW EARTH - Earth Changes and The ...
ALIEN INTERVIEW - THE NEW EARTH - Earth Changes and The ...
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One megalight-year, abbreviated "Mly", is one million light-years, or about 306,600 parsecs.<br />
Megalight-years are typically used to measure distances between neighboring galaxies <strong>and</strong><br />
galaxy clusters.<br />
One gigalight-year, abbreviation "Gly", is one billion light-years — one of the largest distance<br />
measures used. One gigalight-year is about 306.6 million parsecs.<br />
-- Reference: Wikipedia.org<br />
211 "... a heavy gravity, nitrogen/oxygen atmosphere planet..."<br />
"<strong>The</strong> <strong>Earth</strong>'s atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet <strong>Earth</strong> <strong>and</strong> retained by<br />
the <strong>Earth</strong>'s gravity. It contains roughly (by molar content/volume) 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95%<br />
oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, <strong>and</strong> a variable<br />
amount (average around 1%) of water vapor. This mixture of gases is commonly known as<br />
air. <strong>The</strong> atmosphere protects life on <strong>Earth</strong> by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation <strong>and</strong><br />
reducing temperature extremes between day <strong>and</strong> night.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is no definite boundary between the atmosphere <strong>and</strong> outer space. It slowly becomes<br />
thinner <strong>and</strong> fades into space. Three quarters of the atmosphere's mass is within 11 km of the<br />
planetary surface. In the United States, people who travel above an altitude of 80.5 km (50<br />
statute miles) are designated astronauts. An altitude of 120 km (~75 miles or 400,000 ft)<br />
marks the boundary where atmospheric effects become noticeable during re-entry. <strong>The</strong><br />
Kármán line, at 100 km (62 miles or 328,000 ft), is also frequently regarded as the boundary<br />
between atmosphere <strong>and</strong> outer space.<br />
<strong>The</strong> atmosphere of Mars is relatively thin, <strong>and</strong> the atmospheric pressure on the surface<br />
varies from around 30 Pa (0.03 kPa) on Olympus Mons's peak to over 1155 Pa (1.155 kPa)<br />
in the depths of Hellas Planitia, with a mean surface level pressure of 600 Pa (0.6 kPa),<br />
compared to <strong>Earth</strong>'s 101.3 kPa. However, the scale height of the atmosphere is about<br />
11 km, somewhat higher than <strong>Earth</strong>'s 6 km. <strong>The</strong> atmosphere on Mars consists of 95%<br />
carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, <strong>and</strong> contains traces of oxygen, water, <strong>and</strong><br />
methane. <strong>The</strong> atmosphere is quite dusty, giving the Martian sky a tawny color when seen<br />
from the surface; data from the Mars Exploration Rovers indicates the suspended dust<br />
particles are roughly 1.5 micrometres across.<br />
<strong>The</strong> atmosphere of Venus, the second planet from the Sun, is much denser <strong>and</strong> hotter than<br />
that of <strong>Earth</strong>. <strong>The</strong> surface temperature <strong>and</strong> pressure on Venus are 740 K (467°C) <strong>and</strong><br />
93 bar, respectively. <strong>The</strong> Venusian atmosphere supports thick persistent clouds made of<br />
sulfuric acid, which make optical observations of the surface impossible. <strong>The</strong> information<br />
about surface features on Venus has been obtained exclusively by radar imaging conducted<br />
from the ground <strong>and</strong> Venera 15-16 <strong>and</strong> by Magellan space probes. <strong>The</strong> main atmosphereric<br />
gases on Venus are carbon dioxide <strong>and</strong> nitrogen, which make up 96.5% <strong>and</strong> 3.5% of all<br />
molecules. Other chemical compounds are present only in trace amounts.<br />
<strong>The</strong> atmosphere of Venus is in state of a vigorous circulation <strong>and</strong> super-rotation. <strong>The</strong> whole<br />
atmosphere circles the planet in just four days (super-rotation), which is a short time<br />
compared with the sideral rotational period of 243 days. <strong>The</strong> winds supporting super-rotation<br />
blow as fast as 100 m/s. Near the poles of Venus anticyclonic structures called polar<br />
vortexes are located. In them the air moves downward. Each vortex is double eyed <strong>and</strong><br />
shows a characteristic S-shaped pattern of clouds.<br />
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