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Calcium-Binding Protein Protocols Calcium-Binding Protein Protocols

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Synthetic <strong>Calcium</strong>-<strong>Binding</strong> Peptides 181<br />

2. Exercise extreme caution when using HF and the apparatus. A heavy HF-resistant<br />

apron and gloves should be worn at all times.<br />

3. Mark the bags by cutting out a small, but distinctive, pattern along the edges but<br />

outside the thermal seam. This helps identify the peptide in each bag while protecting<br />

it from problems with labels drawn in ink or marker that will dissolve<br />

upon exposure to the chemicals in the reaction vessel.<br />

4. Keep in mind that each sample injected will have some residual CH 3CN in<br />

solution compared to the original unpurified sample. Therefore, the retention<br />

time for purified fractions will be shorter by a few percent compared to the<br />

original sample. When scanning a series of fractions for the desired purified<br />

peptide, the most diagnostic pattern to look for is a peak that increases in size<br />

to a maximum, then slowly decreases with all peaks having an identical<br />

retention time.<br />

References<br />

1. Kretsinger, R. H. and Nockolds, C. E. (1973) Carp muscle calcium-binding protein.<br />

II. Structure determination and general description. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3313–3326.<br />

2. Marsden, B. J., Hodges, R. S., and Sykes, B. D. (1988) 1H NMR studies of<br />

synthetic peptide analogues of calcium-binding site III of rabbit skeletal troponin<br />

C: effect on the lanthanum affinity of the interchange of aspartic acid and<br />

asparagine residues at the metal-ion co-ordinating positions. Biochemistry 27,<br />

4198–4206.<br />

3. Shaw, G. S., Hodges, R. S., and Sykes, B. D. (1991) Probing the relationship between<br />

a-helix formation and calcium affinity in Troponin C: 1H NMR studies of calcium<br />

binding to synthetic and variant site III helix-loop-helix peptides. Biochemistry 30,<br />

8339–8347.<br />

4. Shaw, G. S., Hodges, R. S., and Sykes, B. D. (1990) <strong>Calcium</strong>-induced peptide<br />

association to form an intact protein domain: 1H NMR structural evidence. Science<br />

249, 280–283.<br />

5. Shaw, G. S., Findlay, W. A., Semchuk, P. D., Hodges, R. S., and Sykes, B. D. (1992)<br />

Specific formation of a heterodimeric two-site calcium-binding domain from synthetic<br />

peptides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114, 6258–6259.<br />

6. Donaldson, C., Barber, K. A., Kay, C. M., and Shaw, G. S. (1995) Human S100b<br />

protein: Formation of a tertramer from synthetic calcium-binding peptides. <strong>Protein</strong><br />

Sci. 4, 765–772.<br />

7. Linse, S., Thulin, E., Gifford, L. K., Radzewsky, D., Hagan, J., Wilk, R. R., and<br />

Akerfeldt, K. S. (1997) Domain organization of calbindin D28k as determined from<br />

the association of six synthetic EF-hand fragments. <strong>Protein</strong> Sci. 6, 2385–2396.<br />

8. Rigby, A. C., Baleja, J. D., Furie, B. C., and Furie, B. (1997) Three-dimensional<br />

structure of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing conotoxin, conantokin G,<br />

from the marine snail Conus geographus: the metal-free conformer. Biochemistry<br />

36, 6906–6914.<br />

9. Merrifield, R. B. (1963) Solid phase peptide synthesis. I. The synthesis of a tetrapeptide.<br />

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85, 2149–2154.

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