VUV Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecules and Surfaces

More documents

Recommendations

Info

60 REFERENCES [19] J. S. Nielsen and S. P. Møller, in Proc. Sixth European Particle Accelerator Conf. (EPAC98), edited by S. Myers et al. (http://www.cern.ch/accelconf/, Stockholm, 1998). [20] P. Balling et al., Phys.Rev.A61, 022702 (2000). [21] H. Poth, Phys. Rep. 196, 135 (1990). [22] L. H. Andersen et al., Phys.Rev.A41, 1293 (1990). [23] S. Pastuszka et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 369, 11 (1996). [24] J. S. Nielsen, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 441, 150 (2000). [25] J. Marriner et al., Part. Accel. 30, 13 (1990). [26] W. H. Press et al., Numerical Recipes in Pascal (Cambridge University Press, England, 1992). [27] Y. K. Ho, Chin. J. Phys 29, 327 (1991). [28] T. N. Chang, Phys. Rev. A 47, 705 (1993). [29] M. Cortés and F. Martin, Phys. Rev. A 48, 1227 (1993). [30] M. Venuti and P. Declava, J. Phys. B 30, 4839 (1997). [31] T. T. Gien, J. Phys. B 31, L1001 (1998). [32] W. H. Kuan et al., Phys.Rev.A60, 364(1999). [33] M.-K. Chen, J. Phys. B 32, L487 (1999). [34] P. J. Mohr and B. N. Taylor, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 28, 1713 (1999). [35] S. Cohen et al., Phys.Rev.A30, 4728 (1987). [36] R. Neugart, Nucl. Inst. Meth. 186, 165 (1981). [37] U. V. Pedersen, Studies of Weakly Bound Atomic Negative Ions (Master’s thesis, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark, 2000).
Chapter 4 Lifetimes of molecular negative ions 4.1 Introduction Most of the negative ions that are unstable in the ground state exist in metastable states associated with excited parent states of the corresponding neutral system or, for molecules, with the ground state of the neutral molecule. At present no clear definition of metastability exists, and I will, following Blondel [1], regard a state as metastable if it is long-lived enough that it can be detected along a beam-line. By this definition, states with lifetimes as short nanoseconds may be considered metastable but the emphasis of the present chapter is on the µs–ms range. For a state to be that long-lived, decay via photon- and electron emission must be forbidden by the radiative- and autodetachment selection rules, imposing for molecular negative ions some restrictions on the electronic potential-energy curve associated with the metastable state. First, the minimum of the curve must be attained below the energy of a (possibly excited) electronic state of the neutral system evaluated at the same bond length and (eventual) bend angle, i.e. the vertical electron affinity must be positive. Second, unless the minimum of the potential-energy curve of the negative-ion state is energetically located below that of the neutral state (referred to as positive adiabatic electron affinity), the minima of the potential-energy curves must be located at sufficiently different bond lengths and/or bend angles that the detachment probability can be considered small. This means that a barrier must be surpassed in order for autodetachment to occur, or stated another way: the Frank-Condon overlap between the states must be small. Third, if the potential-energy curve
Page 1:
VUV Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecule
Page 4 and 5:
ii CONTENTS 4 .6 Conclusion . . . .
Page 6 and 7:
iv Experimental and theoretical stu
Page 8 and 9:
vi me to the principle of negative-
Page 10 and 11:
viii
Page 12 and 13:
2 VUV light generation: possibiliti
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21: 10 VUV light generation: possibilit
Page 28 and 29: 18 REFERENCES [14 ] C. R. Vidal, in
Page 30 and 31: 20 REFERENCES [55] C. J. G. Uiterwa
Page 32 and 33: 22 REFERENCES [98] Parameters from
Page 34 and 35: 24 Negative ions ing the binding en
Page 36 and 37: 26 Negative ions located energetica
Page 38 and 39: 28 Negative ions available has been
Page 40 and 41: 30 Negative ions assignment will th
Page 42 and 43: 32 Negative ions feel the repulsion
Page 44 and 45: 34 Negative ions Figure 2.1: Adiaba
Page 46 and 47: 36 Negative ions
Page 48 and 49: 38 REFERENCES [16] E. Kopp, Adv. Sp
Page 50 and 51: 40 REFERENCES [63] P. Balling et al
Page 52 and 53: 42 REFERENCES
Page 54 and 55: 44 High-resolution VUV spectroscopy
Page 72 and 73: 62 Lifetimes of molecular negative
Page 86 and 87: 76 REFERENCES [19] V. V. Petrunin e
Page 88 and 89: 78 REFERENCES [66] F. Robicheaux, P
Page 90 and 91: 80 Chapter 5. Femtosecond VUV core-
Page 110 and 111: 100 Chapter 5. Femtosecond VUV core
Page 120 and 121:
110 Chapter 5. Femtosecond VUV core
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
120 REFERENCES [17] A. Cavalleri et
Page 132 and 133:
122 REFERENCES [61] R. J. Finlay et
Page 134 and 135:
124 REFERENCES [104]R.W.Joyner,inTh
Page 136 and 137:
126 REFERENCES [152] T.-C. Chiang,
Page 138 and 139:
128 Chapter 6. Two-colour pump-prob
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
144 REFERENCES [16] Information ava
Page 156 and 157:
146 REFERENCES [62] S. Baier et al.
Page 158 and 159:
148 The following three chapters ar
show all

VUV Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecules and Surfaces

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?