Antibiotic Classification and Modes of Action - bioMerieux

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Customer Education Antibiotic Classification 1. Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Mode of Action of Glycopeptides N-acetyl muramic acid L-ala D-gluNH2 L-lys D-ala D-ala N-acetyl glucosamine Glycopeptide gly © bioMérieux, Inc., Customer Education March 2008 gly gly gly Enzymes gly Pentaglycine • Glycopeptides inhibit the final cell wall stage of the peptidoglycan synthesis process • The ‘pocket-shaped’ glycopeptide binds the D-ala-D-ala terminal of the basic sub-unit theoretically waiting to be incorporated into the growing peptidoglycan • Because it is so bulky, the glycopeptide inhibits the action of the glycosyltransferases and transpeptidases (which act as a kind of “cement”) - blocks pentaglycine from joining molecules, thereby blocking peptidoglycan growth. • Glycopeptides are bactericidal, but slow-acting 44
Customer Education Antibiotic Classification 1. Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis � Beta-lactams Penicillins Cephalosporins Monobactams Carbapenems Glycopeptides Fosfomycins Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Fosfomycins Spectrum of Action Fosfomycin: Acts to inhibit cell wall synthesis at a stage earlier than the penicillins or cephalosporins. FDA approved 1996. While it is a broad spectrum agent, CLSI ® only provides breakpoints for urinary tract infections due to E.coli and E.faecalis. Reference Method: Preferred reference method is agar dilution. Broth dilution should not be performed. Mode of Action: Inhibits the first step of the peptidoglycan synthesis process © bioMérieux, Inc., Customer Education March 2008 45
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Antibiotic Classification and Modes of Action - bioMerieux

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