An Action Plan for Developing Agricultural Input Markets in Tanzania

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An Action Plan for Developing Agricultural Input Markets in Tanzania I. Introduction Tanzania is a naturally rich but economically lowincome country with a per capita income of $277 in contrast to sub-Saharan Africa’s $450/person. The incidence of poverty and hunger is high. The PRSP (Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper) estimated that 48% of the Tanzanian population lived below the poverty line (earning less than $0.65/day) in 2000. In rural areas the incidence of poverty was more than 57%, and in some districts it exceeded 75%. Likewise, incidence of hunger and malnutrition was more than 40%, with an average daily calorie intake of less than 2,000 calories/person. Because most of the poor and malnourished people live in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of livelihood, accelerated growth in agricultural output is essential to reduce poverty and eliminate hunger and malnutrition. The agricultural sector is a dominant sector of the Tanzanian economy. It accounts for 45% of the gross Figure 1. Cereal Production Per Capita, Tanzania, 1980–2002 1 domestic product (GDP), more than 80% of rural employment, and 60% of export earnings. Food crops dominate crop production in Tanzania, accounting for more than 55% of agricultural production. The main food crops are cereals, especially maize, followed by rice, sorghum, and millet. Among cash crops, cotton, coffee, tobacco, tea, and cashews are important. The Government of Tanzania (GOT) has implemented bold initiatives in liberalizing agricultural input and output markets. There are no price controls, subsidies, or state regulation of marketing activities. Nevertheless, food production is not keeping pace with population growth. Cereal production has shown little growth since the mid-1990s. From 1997 to 2002, the annual average cereal production was 4 million tons. Similarly, cereal yields have been stagnant at an average of 1.3 tons/ha in the 1990s and per capita cereal production has been decreasing (Figure 1).
Page 1 and 2: An International Center for Soil Fe
Page 3 and 4: An Action Plan for Developing Agric
Page 5: Foreword The agriculture sector pla
Page 9 and 10: Contents Page Executive Summary ...
Page 11 and 12: Acronyms and Abbreviations AAT Agro
Page 13 and 14: An Action Plan for Developing Agric
Page 15 and 16: Technical Constraints Technical con
Page 17 and 18: Matrix A. Action Plan Matrix: Polic
Page 19: Output Market Development—The dem
Page 23 and 24: Source: Henao and Baanante (1999).
Page 25 and 26: uted to the preparation of action p
Page 27 and 28: 200 stakeholders from all domains
Page 29 and 30: country. It is critical that Tanzan
Page 31 and 32: After liberalization and subsidy re
Page 33 and 34: With respect to CPPs, farmers mix a
Page 35 and 36: quantity of fertilizer demanded by
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Action Plan Matrix: Policy
Page 39 and 40: To sustain the efforts in human cap
Page 41 and 42: guaranteed to receive full payment
Page 43 and 44: Table 2. Tanzania Action Plan Matri
Page 49: the “centerpiece” of SO 5 will
Page 53 and 54: UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTR
Page 55 and 56: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL STAKEHO
Page 57 and 58: 6.0. DISCUSSION GROUPS’ RECOMMEND
Page 59 and 60: 6.1.8 Issues Raised � Regional in
Page 61 and 62: government levies charged on farm p
Page 63 and 64: the sector grew at 4.1%, in 2000 3.
Page 65 and 66: 45 Attachment II Closing Remarks by
Page 67: Annex II An Assessment of the Ferti
Page 70 and 71:
Source: Derived from FAO data. Figu
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Table II.4. Tanzania Fertilizer Con
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Table II.6. Estimates of Fertilizer
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involved in the marketing of seed a
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Table II. 11. Tanzania Fertilizer I
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to be assigned for every five to si
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Tsh/bag and 16,000 Tsh/bag includin
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Table II.16. Retail Fertilizer Pric
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For the purposes of the seed market
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Table III.2. Seed Production by Gov
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market, poor infrastructure, and ab
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Association (TFA) has established i
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Both sectors need each other as the
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technology transfer methods, an act
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Most of the important crops cultiva
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Figure IV.3. Structure of the CPP M
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• Importers provide credit, deliv
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Table IV.4. Retail Prices in Select
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degree of toxicity before they can
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A 1997-2000 inventory revealed 1,20
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or risky to buy goods fully on cred
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egional and district levels. Howeve
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Attachment IV.1. Major Pests and Di
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Paper Series IFDC—P-35 August 200
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