St Peters-Section 12 Appendices - Historic Scotland

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Abutting the S (downstream) side of the eastern abutment is a secondary buttressing, this again relates to the secondary angling and smoothing off of the curve of the drive back that lead here, this appears to be a secondary alteration and may date to the 1860s. Condition notes While the arch of the bridge is intact and structurally undistorted it is clear that the lower part of the western abutment has been considerably eroded by water action and the masonry beginning to become loose. As the bridge and the abutments cross over the burn itself, both parapets have been pushed in. The upstream (northern) side of the eastern abutment, the facing of the abutment is beginning to collapse. The extension to the N side of the western abutment has substantially collapsed and fallen away. Relating to this area on the road surface inside the parapet there is now a substantial hole running down within the parapet, the latter now hanging in mid-air. The entire bridge is very heavily overgrown with vegetation and the down stream side of the bridge is barely visible beneath the existing growth. The down-stream side of the bridge appears to be in somewhat better condition than the upstream side. This bridge, though in poor general condition now, seems to be wholly repairable. Significance The Wallacetown Burn bridge is a significant survivor of the pre-Kilmahew House landscape. The original bridge largely survives, a structure that may date to the 18 th century. It was remodelled at the time of the construction of Kilmahew House from which time on it accessed the eastern entrance to the walled garden and part of its old northwards-angling route reused as an access to the potting sheds behind the walled garden N wall. As such it forms one of the major built elements of the Victorian designed landscape, part of a principal circulation route. Policy It is important for a number of reasons, not least in terms of practical circulation and public safety, that this bridge be assessed by a conservation-trained structural engineer, be cleared of vegetation and made safe in the short term, and a suitable repair programme planned for to fully reinstate it as a functioning structure, employing appropriate materials (including lime-based mortars) and techniques of construction, detailing, etc. to match the original. 3. Triangle of Mildovan (East Park) CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT - VOLUME 1: ST PETER’S SEMINARY FEBRUARY 2008 281 Final Issue This is an area of higher ground forming a promontory defined to the SE by the Kilmahew Burn and to the SW by the Wallacetown Burn and the ravines that they occupy. It seems to have favourable land within, set on two levels. At the lower level is the area of ground occupied by the present walled garden of the 1860s; above this is a further terrace of level land and this seems to have been the site of the Triangle of Mildovan steading or cottage; it also appears to fit the topography expressed on William Roy’s map of c1747-55, which also shows a settlement and associated enclosures (see below). Within the upper terrace area little can be now seen at the surface, though there is a small copse of four oak trees offset to the NE within this area of land, and this appears to be approximately the location of the farm steading. The steading appears to have been removed at the time of the erection of the Kilmahew House in the 1860s and does not appear on the 2 nd Edition Ordnance Survey map. It seems that this area of land was opened out and enclosures removed to create a more park-like setting for the southeastern aspect of Kilmahew House. An oblique aerial photograph taken before the increased growth of marsh grasses on the rising ground immediately above the upper terrace shows there were field systems in this area consisting of ridge and furrow running up and down slope. These can no longer be readily seen on the ground. The nature of the settlement shown on the Roy Map is unclear, although it appears to be the principal domain under the name of Kilmahew. The old castle does not appear to be shown and may have been abandoned at that stage. Roy shows a central house or steading, surrounded by a series of rectangular enclosures that form a T-shape; these neatly occupy what appears to be the Triangle of Mildovan area of land. Without archaeological investigation little more can be said of the possible nature of this site. Before the growth of mature trees along the S side in the area of the walled garden it is evident that this site had panoramic views over the Clyde from its elevated position and this area being fairly well drained, with these views, access to water, some defensive capabilities may long have been the focus of human settlement. The possibility of first pre-historic occupation should not be discounted. Wartime aerial photography shows crop-marking suggestive of prehistoric settlement features within this area – these include a series of circular ‘structures’ (RCAHMS : 106G-SCOT-UK92-RS2-4269). Without ground investigation it is not possible to further elucidate the nature of these remains – whether relatively recent farming-related or whether of a more archaeological nature – perhaps prehistoric hut circles. The wartime image also shows what appears to be a bomb crater at the top of the Triangle of Mildovan field, the extreme NE limit of the present property area. A little to the E of the group of oak trees as the ground begins to slope down, there is an abandoned water treatment plant of concrete construction. It is not clear how extensive the works associated with this had been and how much of the surrounding area had been disturbed during its construction. Significance <strong>12</strong>. APPENDICES From the 1860s the East Park area had particular significance as part of a parkland vista extending SE from Kilmahew House. The significance of the site – principally the upper terrace (the southern part the present field above the walled garden) – in earlier periods is less certain. The Triangle of Mildovan steading or cottage that is shown on the 1 st Edition Ordnance Survey is of unknown origin but may be relatively late in date as a settlement. The earlier parts of the Wallacetown Burn bridge, which provided access to the site, seem likely to date little earlier than the later 18 th or even early 19 th century. However much depends upon the unreliable Roy map. If this does indeed show a principal dwelling and formal enclosures on the Triangle of Mildovan site then any surviving archaeological remains may have considerable significance.
The possibility that much earlier archaeological remains may survive within this favourable location, perhaps suggested by crop-mark evidence, should not be dismissed. Policy With the distinct possibility of the survival of significant archaeological remains on the upper terrace within the Triangle of Mildovan it is imperative that the archaeological potential of the site is investigated in advance of development proposals if they were to involve this area of land (and preferably well in advance). An archaeological evaluation will be required as part of the planning process as a matter of course, given the general sensitivity if the wider site and the particular potential of this location. 4. West Park Much of the area of West Park is laid out as a golf course and it is now only the northern field (bounding the W side of Kilmahew Castle) that has not seen extensive golf-related landscaping. The wartime aerial photography shows what appear to be a cluster of 4 or 5 bomb craters within the western part of the field to the W of Kilmahew Castle (RCAHMS : 106G-SCOT-UK92-RS2-4269). Cardross was bombed during the war, enemy action that also resulted in the destruction of the parish church and incendiary damage to Geilston House. This photograph of the West Park also shows a substantial SE/NW aligned linear feature that may have been an early burn course; this feature extends beyond the site boundary to the NW, along the W side of Kilmahew Farm. Little that is certainly of an archaeological nature can be seen in the way of crop marks upon this image. Significance Part of the significance of the West Park relates to it as an integral part of the 1860s designed landscape, where it formed part of the parkland setting for Kilmahew House on its western approach. Other significance may be archaeological although the potential for surviving remains in the area is presently unknown. It is probable that damage relating to the golf course will have been limited and localised; it is likely that areas out-with teeing-off areas, formally-constructed greens and bunkers will have escaped major landscaping activity. The eastern part of the field on the W side of Kilmahew Castle is an obvious potential location for associated archaeological remains. Policies If contemplated, proposed development in the West Park area will be subject to the normal planning process whereby there may be a requirement to undertake prior archaeological evaluation to assess the area for archaeological potential. Though Kilmahew Castle is itself a Scheduled Ancient Monument the scheduled area boundary lies close to the upstanding remains. It can be confidently predicted that the area that might contain significant related archaeology would be considerably more extensive. CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT - VOLUME 1: ST PETER’S SEMINARY FEBRUARY 2008 282 Final Issue It is recommended that any potential proposal for development should not affect the field on the W side of the castle. This area of land is the setting for the castle site – it will likely contain archaeological remains of part of the associated complex of castle-related structures and 5. South Lodge (Carman Road lodge) and gate piers This lodge building is a handsomely-built building that forms an integral part of the 1860s layout of the Kilmahew designed landscape. Long abandoned and its windows bricked up, recent vandalism has involved breaking into and causing extensive damage within the interiors. The building is now at extreme risk of further vandalism and arson. Significance An integral part of the 1860s estate designed landscape associated with Kilmahew House. Important as the first ‘incident’ on the main approach to the estate. Its individual importance is recognised in its Category B listing as an historic building, including the gate piers. Policy Ensure the immediate protection of the structure from further destruction. Repair and identify options for reuse. Reinstate gates and repair piers; re-connect and repair adjacent policies wall. 6. West Lodge Though sadly ruined the walls of this small lodge house still stand in large part. Before very recent vandalism this derelict structure was still a building of considerable quality, picturesque. Significance An integral part of the 1860s estate designed landscape associated with Kilmahew House. Policy Make ruin safe and secure from vandalism. Options appraisal. Ideally – reinstate as a cottage. 7. Walled garden <strong>12</strong>. APPENDICES The existing walled garden, occupying the lower Triangle of Mildovan terrace immediately above the confluence of burns, forms an integral part of the development of the Kilmahew policies in the 1860s (the arched opening to the garden bears the date 1868). In spite of its dilapidated state the Kilmahew walled garden remains a very good set-pet piece example of its type, a principal adjunct to the typical Victorian country house.
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Page 3 and 4: General Roy’s map showing ‘indi
Page 5 and 6: 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey, 1896-1
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St Peters-Section 12 Appendices - Historic Scotland

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