Report for the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) - UMS

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For the purpose of the above mentioned aims the consultant visited following universities and departments. Malaysia: School of International Tropical Forestry, Malaysia Meteorological Department, World Wide Fund for Nature WWF. Indonesia: National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping Bakosurtanal, Ministry of Forestry Baplan, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space Lapan, Meteorological and Geophysical Agency BMG, The Nature Conservancy TNC, Faculty of Forestry/University of Mulawarman, Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR. 3. Acknowledgment The consultant would like to thank Dr. Michael Fischer GTZ very much for the excellent preparation and support of the mission. 4. Scientific background/Introduction Countries like Indonesia and Malaysia used to be almost entirely forested, but were nearly completely cleared to provide timber and space for agricultural use. The Indonesian islands of Java and Bali were affected in the middle of the last century because of the fertile soils while the forests of Sumatra and Sulawesi were reduced to remainders in the last two decades. Thus there are only a few places left in Southeast Asia where tropical rainforests can still be conserved on a large scale (Rautner et al. 2005). On Borneo vast forest sites still exist which are performing the original forest features in which they are important for water balance, regional climate and habitat. Furthermore they are reservoirs for carbon and hence, extremely relevant for the global climate particularly with regard to climate change. However, the forests of Borneo have decreased rapidly after the end of the Second World War (Fig. 1). So forests provide valuable services to man because they store and sequester carbon, conserve the diversity of life, protect soil and water resources, and are source of useful drug and food (Musa et al. 2008). Anyway, forests are burned, logged and cleared, and replaced with agricultural land, built-up areas or plantations for oil palm or fast growing species like Acacia. Indonesia has about 100 million ha of forested land, but forest loss averages between 1-2 million ha/year (Woods Hole Research Center). Scenarios released by UNEP (2002) suggested that most of the natural rainforest in Indonesia would be degraded by 2030. The World Bank (2001) estimated that this would include the loss of all Kalimantan’s lowland forest outside protected areas by 2010. These estimates were based on information from the 1980s and 1990s on the rate of deforestation and human impact zones. Annual forest conversion to palm oil plantations increased 400-fold from 1,163 hectares in 1991 to 461,992 hectares in 2007 in Central Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo, reports a new report published by Forest Watch Indonesia, a local NGO respective the Jakarta Post (Simamora 2008). According to the FAO (2007) Southeast Asia experienced the largest decline in forest area, with an annual net loss of forests of more than 2.8 million hectares. The greatest forest loss occurred in Indonesia, almost 1.9 million hectares per year, followed by Myanmar, Cambodia, the Philippines, Malaysia and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Particularly in Borneo, the enormous conversion rates of tropical forests lead to an irreversible degradation of vast areas. The environmental dimension of the problem becomes clear by the current facts: between 1985 and 2005, the forest cover of Borneo shrunk from 75% to 50% (corresponding to an average deforestation rate of 850,000 ha per year) and – if this trend continues – will drop to less than a third by 2020 (Rautner et al. 2005). This represents amongst others a massive disposal of CO2. Including CO2 emissions from LUCF Indonesia is amongst the top ten of emitting countries (Fig. 2). 3
Fig. 1: Extent of deforestation in Borneo 1950-2005, and projection towards 2020. (source: http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/extent-of-deforestation-in-borneo-1950-2005-and-projectiontowards-2020 Radday, M, WWF Germany. 2007. 'Borneo Maps'. January 24, 2007. Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal) The emissions due to deforestation and degradation of forests amounts a quarter to a fifth of all GHG produced by man (WWF). In order to limit the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere and thus the global warming the conservation of forests is of particular importance. The REDD mechanism respective initiative attaches an economic value to the ability of forests to store carbon (Tab. 1). This value is meant to be a financial resource which offers the possibility to subsist the local communities of developing countries to spare the forests. Fig. 2: CO2 emissions of Top ten emitting countries. Emissions from Land Use Change & Forestry (LUCF), 2000 (source: Earthtrends 2008) 4
Page 1 and 2: School of International Tropical Fo
Page 3 and 4: Table of contents 1. Summary 2. Bac
Page 5: The main activities of the project
Page 9 and 10: 4.1. Proposal The four partners sho
Page 11 and 12: Fig. 4: Fields of activities 6.1. C
Page 13 and 14: to be found in the forest inventory
Page 15 and 16: staff). They try to develop nationa
Page 17 and 18: and Carbon Management in Peat Fores
Page 19 and 20: Other REDD programs • World Bank
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 7: CO2-tower in Pontianak/West
Page 23 and 24: The Malaysian Meteorological Depart
Page 25 and 26: Tab. 3: List of available data for
Page 27 and 28: Center for International Forestry R
Page 29 and 30: Houghton, R.A., & J.L. Hackler (199
Page 31 and 32: MGFEP (2007): Malaysian-German Fore
Page 33 and 34: Revilla, J.A.V. & L. Djwahui (1993)
Page 35 and 36: Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S. & M. Kongpha
Page 37 and 38: using our findings which could give
Page 39 and 40: • BAPLAN uses Landsat images (7 E
Page 41 and 42: • Projects of LAPAN: o Co-operati
Page 43 and 44: Minutes of the Meeting with Members
Page 45 and 46: 10.2.7. Alfan Subekti, TNC Minutes
Page 47 and 48: • Remote sensing, meteorological
Page 49 and 50: Yuliani, Linda • Developing simpl
Page 51 and 52: 3. Assessing the potential of commu
Page 53 and 54: Output of step two Private sector a
Page 55 and 56: Figure 1. Land cover map of Delta M
Page 57 and 58:
2. Map of forest rehabilitation pri
Page 59 and 60:
Sources available • Spatial data
Page 61 and 62:
Saturday, 10 th of January 09:30 Vi
Page 63:
Fig. 12: Malaysian Soil Series clas
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Report for the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) - UMS

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