The return of the water - IUCN

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follow to obtain permits, and also, that they could send a representative to obtain a permit for them all at once. However, collective action is not one of their strongest points and nobody has yet obtained a permit independently from the Waza Logone project. 10.3 Participatory conflict management The engagement of the Waza Logone project in the agro-pastoral conflict management was progressive. The first contact with conflicting parties was when the project surveyed the floodplain. From interviews and surveys, the project concluded that the methods to settle conflicts favoured the settled and the owners of fishing canals, at the expense of the pastoralists. This conclusion, which was based on a participatory approach, aroused among sedentary agriculturists and nomadic pastoralists the need of mediation in order to serve all the social groups of the plain equally well. Between 1997 and 1998 the Waza Logone project received from the pastoralists three requests to facilitate conflict management in the area. To satisfy these requests the project decided to intervene through the existing conflict settling institutions, in particular the commission for settling agropastoral conflicts. This commission prepared and convened the meetings. The project’s role was to persuade the organisers to hold meetings, and to give logistical support to the Commission. The project also tried to implement another approach of conflict solving: the no-looser approach. Two techniques were used: facilitating and conciliating. These were adopted from analysis that there is a will for the conflicting parties to reach acceptable solutions for all. Photo 10.2 A participatory meeting of project staff with women (Photo Waza Logone project). The Waza Logone Project in Action The results of negotiations led to the demarcation of two transhumance corridors: the Boko-Massa corridor and the one passing through the Mereo, Blamako and Siaou villages up to the Masa-Masa grazing field. Despite the lack of formal training of the members of the commission, the project opted for dialogue, negotiation and consensus during the meetings. Thus, the Waza Logone project supported the president of the commission for the drafting of the conflicts settling procedures. This included diagnostics (analysis of the conflict), negotiation and implementation of resolutions. The diagnosis was performed in two ways, during the meeting and during a visit to the conflict site. The aim was to hear the views of conflicting parties on the matters in dispute and their claims. During the diagnostic meetings, the project always ensured that room was given to pastoralists and agriculturists to voice out their point of view. The project also played the role of facilitator by 97
The Return of the Water reminding the participants of the key points of the meeting, such as the cause of the conflict, the common interests of the conflicting parties and consensus reached during the meeting. Negotiation was introduced from the different agreements reached during the diagnostic meetings, before asking the participants to keep in mind that each group has a legitimate interest. This was essential in order to bring the protagonists to abandon their initial positions. Following this, there was need to stress the available options to satisfy the legitimate interest of the groups. The exercise involved asking each of the conflicting parties to propose a solution to the problem. The different options given were discussed within the group until consensus was reached. The final decision was to demarcate a corridor of a suitable width. Mediation followed by arbitration was used during the negotiation meetings for the deviation of the livestock corridor passing through a village called Alvakaye 1. The reason for the conflict was that a livestock corridor passed through rice and sorghum farms, in front of the residence of the village head. The complaints of the farmers were that livestock caused damages to the crops. Furthermore, the people feared that the palace of their chief would be threatened by floodwater, now that the animals demolished the riverbanks when they passed the village. The nomadic pastoralists did not want to accept any deviation of the corridor, arguing that this corridor was there long before the village was established. They further mentioned that they could not send their herds on a new corridor because they did not have any information about it, and they feared that it would be a source of bad luck. The project was confronted with a situation where the conflicting sides were holding onto their initial positions. The suitable approach in this case is reconciliation. The project investigated why the conflicting parties took these extreme stances. It was found that the situation was linked to the behaviour of the chiefs of the groups - the chief of the Shuwa-Arab pastoralists and the chief of Alvakaye 1 village, who transposed an existing conflict between them onto the corridor dispute. With this in mind the project started a new round of discussions with both parties. The project first evaluated the possible consequences of the crisis for each group, and proposed suitable actions. Together with the pastoralists the project developed a scenario to turn the conflict into a win-win situation. Although the people of Alvakaye accepted the proposed actions, the pastoralists could not agree on one point. Some of them proposed to use a new corridor not far from the village, while others insisted to maintain the old corridor that was used for decades. The same approach was used with the farmers. They found that the actual itinerary of the corridor was a prejudice to their farms and the riverbanks. Consequently, the best solution was to divert the route to the peripheral zone of the village. Only after this mediation was concluded, the commission to settle agro-pastoral conflict called a meeting to examine the case. The meeting was held at Alvakaye 1. The participants concluded that the existing corridor, which crossed though the centre of the village, was not a suitable passage because it caused problems between the two groups. Based on this view, the sedentary villagers, and some of the nomadic pastoralists, agreed that the corridor should pass at the periphery of the village. However, the solution was not accepted by two groups of Shuwa Arab pastoralists. To make an end to this deadlock, the commission proposed as solution that the commission’s final verdict was binding to all. Thus, the commissions decision that passage of the corridor would be along the periphery of the village was accepted by all parties. The agreement was written in a document that was signed by the representatives of the different groups, as well as by the members of the commission. The report was presented as a hand-written document to avoid subsequent protests. Following this, it was typed, signed again by all, and distributed to the different parties. After each agreement, the mandate was given to the Waza Logone project to help the nomadic pastoralists and the farmers to mark the transhumance corridor. This marking 98
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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The designation of geographical ent
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Table of Contents Foreword vii Cont
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Foreword This book tells the story
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Contributors Dr. Mike Acreman, Head
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from the Atlas de la Province de l
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List of Tables 1.1 Major floodplain
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List of Plates 1.1 Different views
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1 1.1 Floodplains Introduction By P
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Introduction Rainfall in the Sahel
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species of ungulates, such as korri
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From its inception, the Waza Logone
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Part II The Receding Water
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The Return of the Water tonnes to 4
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The Return of the Water that the re
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3 Consequences of the Dam and the D
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eduction in flooding (Drijver and M
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3.3 Socio-economic consequences Con
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4 The Wider Context By Sun Yan Evan
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Africa. A third migration route to
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The Wider Context The geographical
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5 Hydrology of the Waza Logone Area
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variable, the extent, depth, durati
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Hydrology of the Waza Logone Area C
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The Return of the Water brought to
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The Return of the Water 1997). The
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The Return of the Water dam, the pe
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The Return of the Water 1948; Ngog
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The Return of the Water into the bu
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Part IV Living with the Seasons
Page 71 and 72: The Return of the Water While the f
Page 73 and 74: The Return of the Water Most of the
Page 75 and 76: The Return of the Water which the f
Page 77 and 78: The Return of the Water from € 0.
Page 79 and 80: The Return of the Water The Musgum
Page 81 and 82: The Return of the Water check their
Page 83 and 84: Plate 1.2 Kob antelopes at the Mahe
Page 85 and 86: Plate 7.2 Seasonal movements of pas
Page 87 and 88: Plate 7.4 Fishing cannals in the Lo
Page 89 and 90: Plate 7.7 Big fish are only caught
Page 91 and 92: The Return of the Water staple food
Page 94 and 95: 8 Conflicts and Conflict Management
Page 96 and 97: Conflicts and Conflict Management i
Page 98 and 99: Conflicts and Conflict Management i
Page 100: Part V The Intervention
Page 103 and 104: The Return of the Water for the Exi
Page 105 and 106: The Return of the Water both techni
Page 107 and 108: The Return of the Water (IUCN 2000a
Page 109 and 110: The Return of the Water 9.5 The Waz
Page 111 and 112: The Return of the Water of the part
Page 114 and 115: 10 The Waza Logone Project in Actio
Page 116 and 117: The Waza Logone Project in Action F
Page 118 and 119: The Waza Logone Project in Action F
Page 120 and 121: The Waza Logone Project in Action f
Page 124 and 125: started by painting in red trees or
Page 126 and 127: The Waza Logone Project in Action
Page 128 and 129: The project maintained relations wi
Page 130 and 131: 11 11.1 Introduction Economic Justi
Page 132 and 133: Although it is impossible to effect
Page 134 and 135: Economic Justification of Additiona
Page 142 and 143: Figure 11.5 Composition of incremen
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Page 150 and 151: 12 Tools and Practices for Floodpla
Page 152 and 153: of the 1994 and 1997 pilot flood re
Page 154 and 155: Tools and Practices for Floodplain
Page 156 and 157: A major output from the study was a
Page 158 and 159: Step 10. Monitor, evaluate and adap
Page 160 and 161: 5. Assess the impacts of options.
Page 162 and 163: Introduction 137
Page 164 and 165: Introduction From this premise the
Page 166 and 167: Introduction One of the most promis
Page 168 and 169: Introduction reorganisation of the
Page 170 and 171: Introduction Improving the effectiv
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Map 6.1 Satellite images showing se
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Map 6.3 Positions of two elephants
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Introduction Beauvilain, A. 1981.
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Introduction Gash, J.H.C., C.A. Nob
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Introduction Moritz, M., P. Scholte
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Introduction communities’ and ind
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