The return of the water - IUCN

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Step 10. Monitor, evaluate and adapt release programme. For the pilot releases, hydrological, ecological, sociological and economic monitoring was established to assess the impacts of flood. Results were used to refine the models and flooding options. Monitoring is being continued. 12.4 Guidelines on Sahelian floodplain management Tools and Practices for Floodplain Restoration Photo12.1 Opening of the dyke along the Logone in November 1997 by the Waza Logone project to implement managed flood releases (Photo IUCN). The Waza Logone floodplain is typical of the floodplains of Sahelian West Africa, both from a biophysical perspective and with regard to the issues faced by the people who live there. The Waza Logone project thus provides an excellent example of the problems and solutions to the sustainable management of Sahelian floodplains. Over the past 20 years there has been increasing recognition of the need for improved and sustainable management of water and other natural resources, through integrated planning of river basins and their floodplains. In Sahelian West Africa, experience of fully integrated planning and management has been limited. Whilst expertise exists in many sectors, most specialists had undergone only specialist training and had little interaction with other sectors. Consequently, few have acquired the breadth of knowledge over a wide range of issues needed for a truly integrated approach. To build the capacity of institutions in the region, to plan and manage floodplain resources sustainably, IUCN established the Sahelian Wetlands Expert Group (SAWEG) in 1992 with financial support from the Government of the Netherlands (Acreman, 1996a). This network brings together floodplain specialists including hydrologists, water engineers, biologists, pedologists, planners, human and animal health experts, ecologists, sociologists and legal experts from Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Nigeria and Cameroon. Many organisations are represented including universities, research institutions, government departments and river basin development authorities, such as the Niger Basin Authority (ABN), the Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du fleuve Sénégal (OMVS), the organisation pour le Mise en Valeur du fleuve Gambie (OMVG), the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) and the Hadejia-Jama’are River Basin Development Authority. 133
The Return of the Water It was agreed that SAWEG would be action-oriented and that different sub-groups would be selected to undertake different projects in the form of task forces, which could be disbanded, if necessary, when the product was complete (Acreman, 1996b). In the early days of the network, it was felt that there was a need to produce guidelines for the sustainable management of Sahelian floodplains (SAWEG, 1999). This publication brings together wide experience of the issues, problems and solutions to floodplain management. The experience gained in the Waza Logone project became a central part of the guidelines. The information below provides a summary of the guidelines presented in the publication “Towards the sustainable management of Sahelian floodplains” prepared by the IUCN Sahelian Wetlands Expert Group (GEPIS, 2000). These guidelines constitute a mechanism for effective international co-operation to share information and experience on how to use water and aquatic ecosystems sustainably. They are also intended to help contracting parties to the Ramsar Convention implement Article 5, which requires them to: “... co-ordinate and support present and future policies and regulations concerning the conservation of wetlands and their flora and fauna... especially in the case of a wetland extending over the territories of more than one Contracting Party”. It is not intended that these guidelines provide an unambiguous recipe for successful management. Rather they aim to provide a framework within which the issues of individual river basins and their floodplains can be set. The following section highlights in a concise way the major principles and actions from the guidelines that are related to activities in the Waza Logone project. In many cases, the guidelines were developed from the experience of the project. The guidelines cover five areas of management: A. Planning a sustainable management programme for Sahelian floodplains; B. Implementation; C. Awareness building, institution strengthening and training; D. Financing of floodplain development; E. Policy. A. Planning a sustainable management programme for Sahelian floodplains. Planning provides a structured way of solving problems and achieving objectives. It involves viewing the floodplain and its catchment as a single system, which has economic, social and environmental components that interact. The steps involved in planning are: 1. Bring together key stakeholders. • Bring together all stakeholders and develop a process of participation, not just consultation. • Have each stakeholder define his/her core interest rather than a rigid viewpoint. 2. Collate available information. • Develop a data collection strategy and collect information e.g. hydrology, vegetation, soils. • Identify traditional floodplain uses, e.g. recession agriculture, grazing. • Establish a data management strategy and set up databases. • Involve local communities in data collection, especially on local traditional knowledge. • Publish summary information and circulate copies widely. 3. Analyse information. • Quantify floodplain ecosystem functions. • Determine health status of people and animals, hot spots and trends. • Prepare results that are comprehensible to non-specialists. • Establish research programmes to address unanswered questions. 4. Define a range of development options. • Involve all stakeholders. • Define a range of development options. • Promote restoration of sites whose value has been degraded. 134
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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The designation of geographical ent
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Table of Contents Foreword vii Cont
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Foreword This book tells the story
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Contributors Dr. Mike Acreman, Head
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from the Atlas de la Province de l
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List of Tables 1.1 Major floodplain
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List of Plates 1.1 Different views
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1 1.1 Floodplains Introduction By P
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Introduction Rainfall in the Sahel
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species of ungulates, such as korri
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From its inception, the Waza Logone
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Part II The Receding Water
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The Return of the Water tonnes to 4
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The Return of the Water that the re
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3 Consequences of the Dam and the D
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eduction in flooding (Drijver and M
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3.3 Socio-economic consequences Con
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4 The Wider Context By Sun Yan Evan
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Africa. A third migration route to
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The Wider Context The geographical
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5 Hydrology of the Waza Logone Area
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variable, the extent, depth, durati
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Hydrology of the Waza Logone Area C
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The Return of the Water brought to
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The Return of the Water 1997). The
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The Return of the Water dam, the pe
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The Return of the Water 1948; Ngog
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The Return of the Water into the bu
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Part IV Living with the Seasons
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The Return of the Water While the f
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The Return of the Water Most of the
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The Return of the Water which the f
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The Return of the Water from € 0.
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The Return of the Water The Musgum
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The Return of the Water check their
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Plate 1.2 Kob antelopes at the Mahe
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Plate 7.2 Seasonal movements of pas
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Plate 7.4 Fishing cannals in the Lo
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Plate 7.7 Big fish are only caught
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The Return of the Water staple food
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8 Conflicts and Conflict Management
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Conflicts and Conflict Management i
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Conflicts and Conflict Management i
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Part V The Intervention
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The Return of the Water for the Exi
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The Return of the Water both techni
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Page 114 and 115: 10 The Waza Logone Project in Actio
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Page 122 and 123: follow to obtain permits, and also,
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Page 164 and 165: Introduction From this premise the
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Page 168 and 169: Introduction reorganisation of the
Page 170 and 171: Introduction Improving the effectiv
Page 172 and 173: Map 6.1 Satellite images showing se
Page 174 and 175: Map 6.3 Positions of two elephants
Page 176 and 177: Introduction Beauvilain, A. 1981.
Page 178 and 179: Introduction Gash, J.H.C., C.A. Nob
Page 180 and 181: Introduction Moritz, M., P. Scholte
Page 182 and 183: Introduction communities’ and ind
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