The return of the water - IUCN

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The Natural Resources of the Waza Logone Floodplain During the dry season the elephants foraged in the floodplain grasslands (Flizot, 1948), but they also moved north, to Kalamalue National Park (Eijs and Ekobo, 1987; Steehouwer, 1988). Elephant movements in southern direction were first documented in 1980, when a herd of some 30 elephants was reported roaming in the Mindif area (DDA, 1980). After the construction of Maga dam, however, the number of elephants moving to the north decreased, while elephants started to move in increasingly larger numbers in a southerly direction (De Iongh et al., 1999; Eijs and Ekobo, 1987; Meijvogel and Ekobo, 1986; Steehouwer, 1988). During their migration, the elephants increasingly came in conflict with local communities; destroying agricultural crops, damaging properties and even killing people (Figure 6.3). Steehouwer (1988) suggested that two different sub-populations undertook the southern and the northern movement, respectively. Figure 6.3 Movements of the Waza National Park elephant population in northern Cameroon and locations where elepants caused damage to crops in 1986/1987. The trek to the northern direction occurred during the dry season, the southern trek during the wet season. After Steehouwer, 1988. By using satellite tracking of a number of collared elephants three sub-populations of elephants were identified in Waza National Park (De Iongh et al., 1999; Tchamba 1996a; see also Map 6.3, end of book). One sub-population resided in the northern part of the Park and migrated to Kalamalue National Park at the beginning of the dry season (January-June). The prolonged stay of a large group of elephants in such a small area (some 300 estimated to be there in 2001; Loth, pers. obs.) caused considerable damages to the natural vegetation (Tchamba, 1996a). This group also made excursions 47
The Return of the Water into the bush surrounding Kalamalue National Park. Increasingly, however, the bush has been cleared to make way for agricultural land, leading to yet more conflicts between elephants and people (Loth, pers. obs. 2001 and 2002). A second sub-population resided year-round inside the Waza National Park. A third sub-population used the central and southern part of the Park and migrated to the south at the onset of the rains (June-July). These elephants in particular caused extensive damage to crops throughout the wet season and returned to the park only in November-December. All these elephant populations resided in the Park for at least a part of the year (Tchamba, 1996a). Lions and Livestock Lions are a threatened species in West and Central Africa (Bauer et al., 2001). As a flagship species this bleak outlook is of great concern for conservationists. Lions appeal to the general public, especially in Europe and the United States of America and loss of this species would reduce the attractiveness of Parks, such as Waza, for visiting tourists. The monetary value of lions for the tourist industry can be calculated by multiplying the Park’s revenue by the proportion of tourists that consider the lion to be the most attractive animal. In the case of the Waza National Park this yielded an annual amount of 9,000 (Tchamba, 1996b). Each individual lion thus adds about 150 per annum to the Park revenue. On the other hand, lions constituted a nuisance to humans, because they preyed upon livestock. Predation on livestock was a serious phenomenon, especially to the south of the park (Bauer, 1995). Lions created more damage than any other carnivore. Lions killed some 700 cattle and over 1,000 small stock annually, which could be valued at approximately 140,000. Predation was, however, perceived as the third most important problem by the local population (Mbouché, 1995). The total number of livestock killed by lions and hyenas combined, was equal to livestock losses due to diseases. Most losses (62 %) had been reported from the south side of the Park (Sonne, 1998). The earliest lion population estimates for the Waza National Park were educated guesses: 50-60 in 1962 (Flizot, 1962), 40-50 in 1986 (Ngog Nje, 1986), 50-60 in 1988 (Drijver, 1991), 70 in 1995 48 Photo 6.4 Sedated elephant after satellite radio transmitter was fitted. (Photo H. de Iongh).
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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The designation of geographical ent
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Table of Contents Foreword vii Cont
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Foreword This book tells the story
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Contributors Dr. Mike Acreman, Head
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from the Atlas de la Province de l
Page 14 and 15: List of Tables 1.1 Major floodplain
Page 16: List of Plates 1.1 Different views
Page 20 and 21: 1 1.1 Floodplains Introduction By P
Page 22 and 23: Introduction Rainfall in the Sahel
Page 24 and 25: species of ungulates, such as korri
Page 26 and 27: From its inception, the Waza Logone
Page 28: Part II The Receding Water
Page 31 and 32: The Return of the Water tonnes to 4
Page 33 and 34: The Return of the Water that the re
Page 36 and 37: 3 Consequences of the Dam and the D
Page 38 and 39: eduction in flooding (Drijver and M
Page 40: 3.3 Socio-economic consequences Con
Page 44 and 45: 4 The Wider Context By Sun Yan Evan
Page 46 and 47: Africa. A third migration route to
Page 48 and 49: The Wider Context The geographical
Page 50 and 51: 5 Hydrology of the Waza Logone Area
Page 52 and 53: variable, the extent, depth, durati
Page 54: Hydrology of the Waza Logone Area C
Page 57 and 58: The Return of the Water brought to
Page 59 and 60: The Return of the Water 1997). The
Page 61 and 62: The Return of the Water dam, the pe
Page 63: The Return of the Water 1948; Ngog
Page 68: Part IV Living with the Seasons
Page 71 and 72: The Return of the Water While the f
Page 73 and 74: The Return of the Water Most of the
Page 75 and 76: The Return of the Water which the f
Page 77 and 78: The Return of the Water from € 0.
Page 79 and 80: The Return of the Water The Musgum
Page 81 and 82: The Return of the Water check their
Page 83 and 84: Plate 1.2 Kob antelopes at the Mahe
Page 85 and 86: Plate 7.2 Seasonal movements of pas
Page 87 and 88: Plate 7.4 Fishing cannals in the Lo
Page 89 and 90: Plate 7.7 Big fish are only caught
Page 91 and 92: The Return of the Water staple food
Page 94 and 95: 8 Conflicts and Conflict Management
Page 96 and 97: Conflicts and Conflict Management i
Page 98 and 99: Conflicts and Conflict Management i
Page 100: Part V The Intervention
Page 103 and 104: The Return of the Water for the Exi
Page 105 and 106: The Return of the Water both techni
Page 107 and 108: The Return of the Water (IUCN 2000a
Page 109 and 110: The Return of the Water 9.5 The Waz
Page 111 and 112: The Return of the Water of the part
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10 The Waza Logone Project in Actio
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The Waza Logone Project in Action F
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The Waza Logone Project in Action F
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The Waza Logone Project in Action f
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follow to obtain permits, and also,
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started by painting in red trees or
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The Waza Logone Project in Action
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The project maintained relations wi
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11 11.1 Introduction Economic Justi
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Although it is impossible to effect
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Economic Justification of Additiona
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Figure 11.5 Composition of incremen
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12 Tools and Practices for Floodpla
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of the 1994 and 1997 pilot flood re
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Tools and Practices for Floodplain
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A major output from the study was a
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Step 10. Monitor, evaluate and adap
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5. Assess the impacts of options.
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Introduction 137
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Introduction From this premise the
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Introduction One of the most promis
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Introduction reorganisation of the
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Introduction Improving the effectiv
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Map 6.1 Satellite images showing se
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Map 6.3 Positions of two elephants
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Introduction Beauvilain, A. 1981.
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Introduction Gash, J.H.C., C.A. Nob
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Introduction Moritz, M., P. Scholte
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Introduction communities’ and ind
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