The return of the water - IUCN

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The project maintained relations with almost all of the non-governmental organisations operating in the Extreme North Province, mainly for consultation and the exchange of information. These included: the Organisation Canédienne pour Ia Solidarité et le Développement (OCSD), the Catholic Mission, Enviro Protect, Service d’Appui aux Initiatives Locales de Développement (SAILD), Save the Children, the African Institute for Economic and Social Development (INADES) and CARE. The African Training Centre of INADES also provided training courses on participatory approaches for field research for the project. On a national level, the project took part in regular consultative meetings of international NGOs concerned with environmental matters. The parastatal Société d’Expansion et de Modernisation de Ia Riziculture de Yagoua (SEMRY) consistently co-operated in the most practical terms with the project, notably in the execution of the pilot release. This co-operation, which was governed by an Agreement signed in December 1992, will continue to be essential to the success of the efforts made to restore the floodplain, since SEMRY will ensure the control of the Djafga canal and the waters of Lake Maga. The Ecole pour la Formation de Spécialistes de Ia Faune, the international wildlife school based in Garoua, participated in the organisation and execution of wildlife counts and in the ecological monitoring. In addition teaching staff from the University of Dschang was heavily involved in the EIA programme (and have since formed a Cameroonian chapter of the International Association for Impact Assessment), while others were involved in the ecological programme. Co-operation with the Centre for Environment and Development Studies in Cameroon (CEDC), which is administered jointly by the University of Dschang and the University of Leiden, included participation in CEDC’s specialist training courses by supporting participants, by providing professional expertise, and by commissioning specific courses. The project was also invited by CEDC to participate in its own long-term programming. 10.5 Conclusions The Waza Logone Project in Action The restoration of the floodplain began with two pilot releases, which coincided with above average rainfall during the period 1994 to1997. In these years a larger surface area was flooded than during the years immediately following the SEMRY interventions. The ecological monitoring programme initiated by the project showed that as a result of re-flooding, perennial grasses returned, and since grazers prefer perennial grasses, the number of wild herbivores had increased. Socio-economic data showed improvements in fishing yields and livestock production as a result of increased flooding. A hydrological model was used to determine the feasibility of additional flood releases on a much larger scale. In this model man-made changes were treated as independent variables from climatic effects (increased rainfall and/or channel flow). The expected extent of flooding under a number of release options was calculated for a number of different climatic scenarios. This was achieved through a programme of hydrological monitoring and the development of a hydrodynamic model. The model required a large amount of topographical and hydrological information for it to provide dependable results that can take years to accumulate. In the case of the Waza Logone project four years of local hydrological data were collected and regional data over more than forty years utilised. Topographical surveys took place mainly over a two year period. The model resulted in an estimate of the extent of flooded areas, which, in conjunction with other information, allowed an assessment to be made of the effectiveness of the releases in achieving the restoration objectives. Assessment tools such as Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) formed part of this process, leading to the recommendation of three possible options for the large-scale release (IUCN, 1999b). 103
The Return of the Water The actual measures that were taken in relation to the restoration objectives consist to date solely of the pilot releases. The effectiveness of these pilot releases was, however, clearly demonstrated by the model results, which confirmed 180 km 2 of additional flooding in an “average” year (Mott MacDonald, 1999). The outcomes of the model also confirmed that only 10 km 2 would be additionally flooded in a “poor”year (Mott MacDonald, 1999). This corresponds to a return to the drier conditions of the 1980s, and would result in a similar collapse in the natural resource base of that period, unless substantial additional re-flooding is undertaken. The results of the modelling showed that the most effective and efficient releases will take place from the outlet of Maga dam into the Mayo Vrick. The European Commission not only funded the development of the hydrological model, but had also indicated that it would consider funding the measures that are needed to achieve large-scale reflooding. The negotiations with the EC were a slow process, which finally, in mid-2002 resulted in the EC declining to make the necessary funds available. With the benefit of hindsight, it is clear that other sources of funding should have been pursued more vigorously at the same time. It is important that the dialogue with potential donors is continued with redoubled efforts, in order to implement the large-scale re-flooding of the Waza Logone floodplain. So far (mid 2003), only the Global Environment Facility has indicated a willingness to support the restoration (through its Lake Chad Basin project GEF/UNDP/World Bank, in co-operation with the Lake Chad Basin Commission and the Government of Cameroon). The project also hopes to be in a position to further support local livelihoods through a specific project submitted to the Government of Cameroon, as part of the Highly-Indebted-Poor-Country (HIPC) programme for Cameroon. The Waza Logone project is a clear example how a participatory approach can be successfully used in conflict mediation. It should be stressed, however, that the project did not consider the negotiated agreements as merely conflict solving, but saw this aspect of the project in a wider context, as natural resource management. The new transhumance corridor is now part of the Waza Logone Plan. Natural resource management projects should not overlook conflicts that arise between the users of the natural resources. If there is need to establish a base for sustainable natural resource management, projects should allocate for conflict management in their strategies. 104
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IUCN - The World Conservation Union
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The designation of geographical ent
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Table of Contents Foreword vii Cont
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Foreword This book tells the story
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Contributors Dr. Mike Acreman, Head
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from the Atlas de la Province de l
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List of Tables 1.1 Major floodplain
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List of Plates 1.1 Different views
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1 1.1 Floodplains Introduction By P
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Introduction Rainfall in the Sahel
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species of ungulates, such as korri
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From its inception, the Waza Logone
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Part II The Receding Water
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The Return of the Water tonnes to 4
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The Return of the Water that the re
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3 Consequences of the Dam and the D
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eduction in flooding (Drijver and M
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3.3 Socio-economic consequences Con
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4 The Wider Context By Sun Yan Evan
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Africa. A third migration route to
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The Wider Context The geographical
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5 Hydrology of the Waza Logone Area
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variable, the extent, depth, durati
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Hydrology of the Waza Logone Area C
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The Return of the Water brought to
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The Return of the Water 1997). The
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The Return of the Water dam, the pe
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The Return of the Water 1948; Ngog
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The Return of the Water into the bu
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Part IV Living with the Seasons
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The Return of the Water While the f
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The Return of the Water Most of the
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The Return of the Water which the f
Page 77 and 78: The Return of the Water from € 0.
Page 79 and 80: The Return of the Water The Musgum
Page 81 and 82: The Return of the Water check their
Page 83 and 84: Plate 1.2 Kob antelopes at the Mahe
Page 85 and 86: Plate 7.2 Seasonal movements of pas
Page 87 and 88: Plate 7.4 Fishing cannals in the Lo
Page 89 and 90: Plate 7.7 Big fish are only caught
Page 91 and 92: The Return of the Water staple food
Page 94 and 95: 8 Conflicts and Conflict Management
Page 96 and 97: Conflicts and Conflict Management i
Page 98 and 99: Conflicts and Conflict Management i
Page 100: Part V The Intervention
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Page 105 and 106: The Return of the Water both techni
Page 107 and 108: The Return of the Water (IUCN 2000a
Page 109 and 110: The Return of the Water 9.5 The Waz
Page 111 and 112: The Return of the Water of the part
Page 114 and 115: 10 The Waza Logone Project in Actio
Page 116 and 117: The Waza Logone Project in Action F
Page 118 and 119: The Waza Logone Project in Action F
Page 120 and 121: The Waza Logone Project in Action f
Page 122 and 123: follow to obtain permits, and also,
Page 124 and 125: started by painting in red trees or
Page 126 and 127: The Waza Logone Project in Action
Page 130 and 131: 11 11.1 Introduction Economic Justi
Page 132 and 133: Although it is impossible to effect
Page 134 and 135: Economic Justification of Additiona
Page 142 and 143: Figure 11.5 Composition of incremen
Page 146: Economic Justification of Additiona
Page 150 and 151: 12 Tools and Practices for Floodpla
Page 152 and 153: of the 1994 and 1997 pilot flood re
Page 154 and 155: Tools and Practices for Floodplain
Page 156 and 157: A major output from the study was a
Page 158 and 159: Step 10. Monitor, evaluate and adap
Page 160 and 161: 5. Assess the impacts of options.
Page 162 and 163: Introduction 137
Page 164 and 165: Introduction From this premise the
Page 166 and 167: Introduction One of the most promis
Page 168 and 169: Introduction reorganisation of the
Page 170 and 171: Introduction Improving the effectiv
Page 172 and 173: Map 6.1 Satellite images showing se
Page 174 and 175: Map 6.3 Positions of two elephants
Page 176 and 177: Introduction Beauvilain, A. 1981.
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Introduction Gash, J.H.C., C.A. Nob
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Introduction Moritz, M., P. Scholte
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Introduction communities’ and ind
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