02.01.2015 Views

e-Book PDF - Universidad de La Punta (ULP)

e-Book PDF - Universidad de La Punta (ULP)

e-Book PDF - Universidad de La Punta (ULP)

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

<strong>de</strong> viajar por el enlace restante.<br />

En cada nodo se instalaron los<br />

equipos <strong>de</strong> transmisión necesarios<br />

para establecer cada enlace y<br />

un equipo <strong>de</strong> conmutación y ruteo<br />

<strong>de</strong> paquetes que permite elegir la<br />

mejor ruta <strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>stino disponible<br />

en cada momento.<br />

Los equipos <strong>de</strong> conmutación y ruteo<br />

utilizados son <strong>de</strong>l tipo switch<br />

layer 3, estos son los encargados<br />

<strong>de</strong> direccionar los paquetes hacia<br />

el <strong>de</strong>stino solicitado, ya sea en<br />

capa 2, a través <strong>de</strong> los encabezados<br />

<strong>de</strong> frame Ethernet o en capa 3,<br />

a través <strong>de</strong> los encabezados IP (ver<br />

figura 18).<br />

Estos equipos también realizan el<br />

encolado <strong>de</strong> los buffer <strong>de</strong> salida y<br />

son los encargados <strong>de</strong> aplicar las<br />

políticas <strong>de</strong> calidad <strong>de</strong> servicio.<br />

Figura 18: equipos <strong>de</strong> conmutación <strong>de</strong> paquetes: Switch layer 3 / Figure 18: Packet Switching Equipment:<br />

Switch 3-<strong>La</strong>yer<br />

Resultó necesario aplicar calidad<br />

<strong>de</strong> servicio, <strong>de</strong>bido a los diferentes<br />

tipos <strong>de</strong> tráficos que circulan<br />

por la red. Por ejemplo, el tráfico<br />

<strong>de</strong> comunicaciones <strong>de</strong> voz es <strong>de</strong>l<br />

tipo “real time” o en tiempo real, y<br />

este tráfico es muy sensible a los<br />

retardos (<strong>de</strong>lay) y a las variaciones<br />

<strong>de</strong> los retardos (jiter), por lo cual,<br />

este tráfico <strong>de</strong>be ser encolado con<br />

prioridad y <strong>de</strong> manera tal <strong>de</strong> entregar<br />

todos los paquetes en <strong>de</strong>stino<br />

con un <strong>de</strong>lay preestablecido y sin<br />

variaciones <strong>de</strong> retardo.<br />

<strong>La</strong>s políticas <strong>de</strong> calidad <strong>de</strong> servicio<br />

aplicadas en capa 3, fueron implementadas<br />

con el método conocido<br />

como DSCP, por sus siglas en ingles<br />

“Differentiated Services Co<strong>de</strong><br />

Point”. Este método se utilizó para<br />

| 41<br />

The connection of the building grounding and the rest was carried<br />

out by means of 30 by 2 mm copper strapping (fig. 15 and 16).<br />

The entire aforementioned infrastructure at each main shelter ensures<br />

optimum conditions for the storage of carrier class telecommunication<br />

equipment to guarantee an availability of proper service.<br />

For the main backbone, each shelter communicates to the next<br />

through links that conform a ring topology, whereas for the branch<br />

that serves the south of the province, the connection is star shaped,<br />

but the links are 1+1 redundant type (fig. 17).<br />

The topology that was used has the advantage that, in case one of<br />

the links is out of or<strong>de</strong>r, the connection is not lost since the information<br />

can travel through the remaining link.<br />

At each no<strong>de</strong>, the necessary transmission equipment to establish<br />

each link has been installed, as well as packet switching and routing<br />

equipment that allows choosing the best available <strong>de</strong>stination route<br />

at any given time.<br />

The switching and routing equipment is switch-layer three type; this<br />

equipment is responsible for directing the packets towards the requested<br />

<strong>de</strong>stination, whether it is on layer 2, through the heading of<br />

Ethernet frame, or on layer 3 through the IP headings (fig. 18)<br />

This equipment also performs the queuing of the outgoing buffers<br />

and it is in charge of enforcing the quality of service policies.<br />

Applying quality of service turned out to be a necessity, due to the different<br />

kinds of traffic that travel through the network. For example,<br />

voice-communication traffic is in real time, and that kind of communication<br />

is very sensitive to <strong>de</strong>lays and to variations in the <strong>de</strong>lays<br />

(jiter) and therefore this traffic must be queued with priority and in<br />

such a way that all packets are <strong>de</strong>livered with a pre-established <strong>de</strong>lay<br />

without variations.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!