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sityva kalmaxi qarTul enaSi ise lamazad da moxdenilad<br />
Cajda, rom es saxeli mogvevlina, rogor hidronimTa<br />
ise istoriul-geografiul toponimebad. kerZod erT-er-<br />
Ti `kalmaxis wyali~ saTaves iRebs TurqeTis sazRvrebidan<br />
samxreT saqarTveloSi, aseve `kalmaxis wyali~ hqvia mdinares,<br />
romelic saTaves iRebs `eSmakis cixidan~ da agaras-<br />
Tan erTvis mtkvars marcxena napiridan.<br />
aseve kalmaxi udebs saTaves istoriul cixes _ kalmaxs,<br />
romelzec samcxe-saaTabagos aRwerisas, vaxuSti<br />
dasZens: `Woroxs moerTvis TorTomis mTidan gamomdinare<br />
wyali, am xevzed ars cixe kalmaxisa, romeli aRaSenes<br />
pitiaxSTa, did-Seni, magari da Seuvali. iyo saerisTao<br />
taosi~ (qarTlis cx. T. IV. 1973. gv. 683) kalmaxis cixe Semdeg<br />
kalmaxis saerisTaos centrad iqca: `Semdgomad erisTavman<br />
kalmaxisaman da grigol erisTavman awvies bagrat~. kalmaxis<br />
cnobili erisTavi da patroni aris sula kalmaxeli.<br />
oraguli<br />
iqTiologebi 28 saxeobis oraguls gamoyofen. CvenTan,<br />
saqarTveloSi oragulis ori saxeoba iyo gavrcelebuli<br />
_ kaspiis zRvidan da Sav zRvidan Semomavali. kaspiis zRvis<br />
anu mtkvris auzis oraguli TiTqmis yvela did da patara<br />
mdinareSi Sedioda: did da patara liaxvSi, mejudaSi,<br />
froneSi, lexuraSi, qsanSi, aragvSi, alazanSi da sxvagan.<br />
oraguli md. iorSi ar icoda, razec sainteresod wers va-<br />
Ja-fSavela, jer kidev Tamar mefis droindeli ambebidan:<br />
`mdinare iors, Tumc aragvis tolia, wvrili TevziT mdidari,<br />
magram radganac oraguli ar icis iors aragvis extibar<br />
ar aaqvs. _ kurTxeul Tamar mefes sdomebia Zalad<br />
gaeCina iorSi oraguli. amitom dedal-mamali oraguli<br />
Causmeinebia Tanac boloSi faceri Caudgams, magram oragulebi<br />
isev ukan dabrunebulan da facerSi Cacvinulan.<br />
ratom ar unda icodes iorma oraguli? _ kvirobda bewina.<br />
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