i z o l d a W i l a Z e
i z o l d a W i l a Z e
i z o l d a W i l a Z e
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struqturuli safuZvlebi ganmartavs, rom: ` sawarmo, rogorc<br />
wesi, moixmars aqtivebs im saqonlis sawarmoeblad da momsaxurebis<br />
gasawavad, romleboc daakmayofilebs momxmarebelTa<br />
moTxovnilebebs. Tu saqoneli an momsaxureba akmayofilebs<br />
maT moTxovnilebebs, momxmareblebi mzad arian gadaixadon am<br />
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis safasuri da amiT xeli Seuwyon fuladi<br />
saxsrebis Semosvlas sawarmoSi. fuladi saxsrebi ki, rogorc<br />
universaluri sawarmoo resursi, TavisTavad sawarmos<br />
emsaxureba~(muxli 54).<br />
aqtivebSi avansirebuli Rirebulebis brunvis siCqaris<br />
anu likvidurobis xasiaTis mixedviT, aqtivebi mimdinare anu<br />
moklevadian da grZelvadian aqtivebad iyofa.<br />
mimdinare aqtivebi aris aris iseTi saxis qoneba, romelic<br />
navaraudevia erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaiqceva gacvis saSualebad.<br />
esenia: masalebi, saqoneli, daumTavrebeli produqcia,<br />
mza produqcia, moklevadiano moTxovnebi, fuladi Tanxebi,<br />
erT wlamde vadis nayidi fasiani qaRaldebi. mimdinare aqtivebs<br />
agreTve likvidur,mobilur da sabrunav aqtivebsac uwodeben.<br />
grZelvadiani aqtivi iseTi saxis qonebaa, romelic warmoeba-<br />
Si erT welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi gamoiyeneba da maTSi avansirebuli<br />
Rirebulebis ukan dabrunebas ramdenime weli sWirdeba.<br />
maT agreTve aramobilur an aralikvidur aqtivebsac uwodeben.<br />
grZlevadian aqtivebs miekuTvneba: ZiriTadi saSualebebi,<br />
grZelvadiani investiciebi (grZelvadiani nayidi fasiani qaRaldebi),<br />
grZlevadiani moTxovnebi, aramaterialuri aqtivebi.<br />
aqtivebis dafinansebis wyaroebi warmoadgenen aRricxvis<br />
sagnis meore obieqts. isini ganmartaven ra gzebiTaa SeZenili<br />
sawarmos qoneba. maT Sesaxeb informacia saWiroa, raTa moxdes<br />
mesakuTreTa wilis da valdebulebebis marTva da kontroli.<br />
aqtivebis dafinansebis wyaroebi or jgufad iyofa: valdebulebebi<br />
da sakuTari kapitali.<br />
valdebulebebi warmoadgens sawarmos movaleobassxva subieqtebis<br />
mimarT, gadauxados maT saTanado fuladi Tanxebi.<br />
valdebulebebi, ganvlili movlenebis Sedegia da rogorc wesi,<br />
warmoiqmneba unaRdo angariSsworebis wesiT SeZenili aqtivis<br />
an miRebuli momsaxurebis dros, agreTve sxvisi qonebis gamoyenebis<br />
uflebisaTvis gadasaxdel Tanxebze, sabiujeto gadasaxadebze<br />
da sxv.<br />
sakuTari kapitali aris aqtivebis is nawili, romelic rCeba<br />
valdebulebebis dafarvis Semdeg. mas miekuTvneba: sawesdebo<br />
kapitali, saaqcio kapitali, mogebidan Seqmnili rezervebi,<br />
grZelvadiani aqtivis gadafasebis rezervi da gaunawilebebli<br />
mogeba.<br />
sawesdebo kapitali arsebobs SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis<br />
sazogadoebebSi da sxva samarTlebrivi formis sawarmoebSi,<br />
garda saaqcio sazogadoebebisa. sawesdebo kapitali axasiaTebs<br />
mesakuTreTa wils sawarmos qonebaSi. saaqcio kapitali axasiaTebs<br />
aqcionerTa wils sawarmos aqtivebSi anu pasuxobs kiTxvaze:<br />
sawarmos aqtivebis ra nawilia SeZenili aqcionerebis mier<br />
Semotanili wilis xarjze.<br />
mogebis xarjze sawarmos menejmenti qmnis saxvadasxva saxis<br />
rezervebs, rogoricaa: rezervi warmoebis gafarToebisaTvis,<br />
riskisaTvis, muSakTa premirebisaTvis da sxv. aseTi saxis<br />
rezervebi aucilebelia kompaniis progresuli da dinamiuri<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis, warmoebis mosalodneli dacemis problemebis<br />
gadalaxvisaTvis.<br />
gadafasebis rezervi iqmneba grZelvadiani aqtivebis afasebis<br />
dros. igi gamoiyeneba am aqtivebis Camofasebis kompesaciisaTvis.<br />
gaunawilebebli mogeba aris wminda mogebis is nawili, romelic<br />
rCeba rezervebis Seqmnisa da aqcionerTa dividendebis<br />
gacemis Semdeg.<br />
aRricxvis sagnis mesame obieqtia samerneo operaciebi.<br />
sameurneo operacia aris calkeuli qmedeba, romelsac adgili<br />
aqvs sawarmos safinansoekonomikur saqmianobaSi. erTgvarovani<br />
operaciebis erToblioba qmnis sameurneo procesebs. arsebobs<br />
sami saxis procesi: momaragebis, warmoebis da realizaciis.<br />
momaragebis procesze xdeba sawarmos momarageba saWiro<br />
resursebiT. warmoebis procesze xdeba warmoebis materialuri<br />
da SromiTi resursebis SeerTeba, nedleulisa da masalebis<br />
gardaqmna mza produqtad. realizaciis procesze mza produqcia<br />
gadaiqceva fulad aqtivad. realizaciis procesi aris kompaniaSi<br />
avansirebuli Rirebulebis wrebrunvis saboloo stadia,<br />
romelic aCvenebs finansur Sedegs: mogebas an zarals sameurneo<br />
saqmianobidan. ra Tqma unda, warmoebis procesebi calkcalke<br />
izolirebulad ar arseboben. resursebi erTdroulad samive<br />
stadiaze imyofebian.<br />
amrigad, buRaltruli aRricxvis gareSe ar SeiZleba darCes<br />
mcire Tu didi moculois qoneba, valdebuleba, sakuTari kapitali<br />
da sameurneo operacia. es aucilebelia imsaTvis, rom aR-<br />
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