grigol ruxaZe wmida maqsime aRmsareblis `cxovrebis~ qarTuli ...
grigol ruxaZe wmida maqsime aRmsareblis `cxovrebis~ qarTuli ...
grigol ruxaZe wmida maqsime aRmsareblis `cxovrebis~ qarTuli ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
<strong>grigol</strong> <strong>ruxaZe</strong><br />
<strong>wmida</strong> <strong>maqsime</strong> <strong>aRmsareblis</strong> <strong>`cxovrebis~</strong><br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> kimenuri redaqcia<br />
eklesia hagiografiul Txzulebebs, <strong>wmida</strong> werilsa da <strong>wmida</strong> gardamocemasTan<br />
erTad, yovelTvis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebda.<br />
erTi mxriv, qristianTaTvis wmindanebis moxsenieba ara mxolod<br />
sasurveli saqme, aramed movaleobac aris: `Tanamdeb ars yoveli kaci<br />
qebiTa da galobiTa da pativiTa aRsrulebad saÃsenebelsa maTsa~;<br />
xolo meore mxriv, RmrTisa da moyvasis mimarT gamovlenili maTi<br />
saTnoebis magaliTebi ganamtkiceben msmenels saRmrTo mcnebaTa erTgulebiT:<br />
`msmenelTa moqalaqobisa maTisaTa baZvad maTsa mis saTnoebisa<br />
aRvadginebT, amisTÂs keTil ars da samarTal moqalaqobisa da<br />
moRuawebisa <strong>wmida</strong>Ta mamaTa da mowameTa aRweraÁ da maTi qebiTa da<br />
galobiTa SesxmaÁ~. magram garda am sazogado daniSnulebisa, zogierT<br />
cxovreba-martvilobas gamoarCevs qristianul swavlebaTa gadmocemis<br />
forma da Sinaarsi, roca asketuri, eTikuri an Teologiuri<br />
sakiTxebi SedarebiT vrclad da Tanac wina planzea warmodgenili.<br />
erT-erTi aseTi, saRmrTismetyvelo gansazRvrebebiT mdidari, Txzulebaa,<br />
Cven mier gansaxilvelad SerCeuli `cxorebaÁ da moqalaqobaÁ<br />
aRmsarebelisa marTlisa sarwmunoebisaÁ wmidisa da netarisa<br />
mamisa Cuenisa <strong>maqsime</strong>si~, aRwerili Tevdosi xucesis mier maleve<br />
VI msoflio krebis (konstantinepoli, 680 w.) Catarebis Semdeg da<br />
Targmnili wm. eqvTime mTawmidelis mier ara ugvianes 1005 wlisa. 1<br />
aRniSnuli <strong>`cxovrebis~</strong> kritikulad dadgenili <strong>qarTuli</strong> teqsti<br />
(qaragmebis gauxsnelad), Taviseburi `kimenuri~ redaqcia, 1918 wels<br />
gamoaqveyna prof. k. kekeliZem, 2 romelic, miuxedavad <strong>qarTuli</strong> hagiografiuli<br />
nawarmoebebis ganmeorebiT beWdvis arsebuli tradiciisa,<br />
dRemde bibliografiul iSviaTobad rCeba. erTi ZiriTadi<br />
mizezi Cveni Temis arCevisa, swored am vrceli redaqciisken mkiTxvelis<br />
yuradRebis miqcevis survili iyo. 3
200 <strong>grigol</strong> <strong>ruxaZe</strong><br />
rogorc vTqviT, wm. <strong>maqsime</strong>s <strong>`cxovrebis~</strong> es redaqcia gansakuTrebiT<br />
saRmrTismetyvelo swavlebaTa vrceli da Rrma pasaJebiT<br />
gamoirCeva, magram maTTan erTad zogierT iseT sakiTxsac mimovixilavT,<br />
romlebic, Cveni dakvirvebiT, met analizsa da gamoZiebas<br />
saWiroeben. manamde ki, istoriul garemosTan dasaaxloveblad,<br />
warmovadginoT im istoriul pirTa da geografiul saxelTa sia,<br />
romelnic TxzulebaSi arian moxseniebulni:<br />
iovane da ana _ didebulni da RmrTismoyvareni mSobelni wm.<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong> aRmsarebelisani (T. 2).<br />
herakle keisari _ <strong>maqsime</strong>s dros bizantiaSi mefobda `herakle,<br />
romelman igi sparseTi daipyra da xuasro mefÀ sparseTisaÁ mokla<br />
da zaqaria patriaqi ierusalÀmisaÁ tyueobisagan gamoiyvana da Zeli<br />
patiosnisa juarisaÁ, romeli igi ierusalÀmiT sparseTs xuasros<br />
wareyvana, kualad madliTa qristÀsiTa moiyvana da saunje didZali<br />
sameufosa palatsa dausuena~ (T. 3).<br />
seberos da dioskore _ monofiziti mwvaleblebi, `romelni igi<br />
uvar hyofdes orTa bunebaTa qristÀsa _ RmrTeebisa da kacebisasa,<br />
da erTsa Sereulsa bunebasa qadagebdes da gankacebasa uflisasa ucnebiT<br />
qmnulad hgmobdes~ (T. 4).<br />
qalkidoni _ aq markiane mefis dros gaimarTa IV msoflio kreba<br />
630 mamaTa, `romelTac SeaCuennes da gankueTnes borotni igi mwvalebelni<br />
_ dioskore aleqsandrieli da eptÂqios mamasaxlisi da<br />
seberos antioqieli da petros apamieli da sxvani igi mimdgomni<br />
maTni, iakob vinme da timoTe, romelsa ewodeboda meli~. krebis sarwmunoebrivi<br />
ganCinebiT, qriste aris `sruli RmerTi da sruli kaci,<br />
uvnebeli RmrTeebiTa, romelman cxovrebisaTÂs Cuenisa ivno bunebi-<br />
Ta miT kacobriviTa, rameTu erTi guami iyo oriTa bunebiTa~ (T. 4).<br />
istÂniane imperatori _ mis dros konstantinepolSi gaimarTa V<br />
msoflio kreba 164 <strong>wmida</strong>Ta mamaTa, `romelTa daamtkices yovelive<br />
pirvelTa maT oTxTa krebaTagan dawesebuli, da seberos SeaCuenes<br />
da orogine da msgavsni misni, da marTali sarwmunoebaÁ ÃmamaRlad<br />
qadages~ (T. 4).<br />
sergios _ <strong>maqsime</strong>s dros patriarqi, anu maSindeli mTavarepiskoposi,<br />
konstantinepolisa, naTesaviT asuri, mSobelTagan iakobit-<br />
Ta Sobili; monoTeliti (T. 6).<br />
kÂroz _ mTavarepiskoposi aleqsandriisa; monoTeliti (T. 6).<br />
iovane _ papi romisa; marTlmadidebeli (T. 6).<br />
sofron _ patriarqi ierusalimisa; marTlmadidebeli (T. 6).<br />
piros _ patriarqi konstaninepolisa, sergis Semdeg daipyra<br />
saydari; esec monoTeliti (T. 7).
kimenuri redaqcia<br />
201<br />
konstantine _ Ze heraklesi, romelic gamefebis Semdeg piros<br />
patriarqma martina sefeqalis TanaSewevniT mowamla da mokla (T. 7).<br />
pavle _ pirosis momdevno patriarqi; esec monoTeliti (T. 7).<br />
xrÂsopoli _ monasteri, sadac <strong>maqsime</strong> moRvaweobda (T. 8).<br />
Tevdore _ iovanes Semdgomi papi romisa; marTlmadidebeli. man<br />
`Sekriba yoveli savsebaÁ eklesiisaÁ, da Sevida samarxosa petressa<br />
Tavisa mis mociqulTaÁsa da moiTxova <strong>wmida</strong>Á barZimi da daawo kalami<br />
cxovels-myofelsa mas sisxlsa TÂsiTa ÃeliTa, da dawera gankueTaÁ<br />
pirosisi da yovelTa TanaziarTa misTaÁ~ (T. 11).<br />
martine _ <strong>wmida</strong> papi, saydarze avida Tevdores Semdeg (T. 11). man<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong>s STagonebiT 150 episkoposTa kreba moiwvia romSi, romelzec<br />
`SeaCuennes sergios da piros da kÂroz da pavle mwvalebelni da<br />
maTi igi wvalebaÁ, da ori bunebaÁ qristÀsi da ori nebaÁ da ori<br />
saqmÀ ÃmamaRlad qadages~ (T. 12).<br />
kosta _ mefe bizantiisa, Ze kostantinesi da Ziswuli heraklesi,<br />
romelmac <strong>wmida</strong> martine da netari <strong>maqsime</strong> romidan kostantinepolSi<br />
dasasjelad Camoiyvana da Semdeg orive gadaasaxla (T. 13).<br />
Tevdosi _ episkoposi kesaria-biTviniisa, romelic mefis davalebiT<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong>sTan mosarigebel molaparakebas awarmoebda, magram<br />
uSedegod (T. 21).<br />
monasteri wm. arsenisa _ mdebareobs cixe himaris maxloblad,<br />
sadac dahmarxes <strong>wmida</strong> gvami <strong>maqsime</strong> aRmsarebelisa (T. 31), romelic<br />
90 wlisa aResrula (T. 19).<br />
agaToni _ netari papi romisa; saydarze avida wm. martines Semdeg.<br />
man Caatara kreba 124 episkoposTa, romelzec `wvalebaÁ igi<br />
erTisa nebisa metyuelTaÁ SeaCuenes, da orni nebani da orni saqmeni<br />
qristesni da orni bunebani qadagnes da daamtkices~ (T. 32).<br />
kostantine _ Ze kostasi; Tavis or ZmasTan erTad mefobda. man<br />
`gulisÃma yo cTomilebaÁ igi mamisa TÂsisaÁ da wvalebaÁ~ da konstantinepolSi<br />
moiwvia VI msoflio kreba 168 <strong>wmida</strong>Ta mamaTa: `da<br />
qadages ufali iesu qristÀ mÃsneli da macxovari Cueni oriTa<br />
bunebiTa da oriTa nebiTa da oriTa saqmiTa _ RmrTeebisa da kacebisaÁTa,<br />
ara ganyofilebiTa pirTa da guamTaÁTa, aramed orTa bunebaTa<br />
srulebiTa, rameTu arca erTi bunebaTa misTagani iyo TÂnier nebisa<br />
da saqmisa, rameTu romelni uar hyofen orTa nebaTa da saqmeTa, igini<br />
bunebaTaca uar hyofen da TviTebaTa maTTa~ (T. 33).<br />
am CamonaTvalSi bizantiis imperatorebisa da mefeqalaqis<br />
mRvdelT mTavrebis aRmsareblobas Tu mivaqcevT yuradRebas, erTi<br />
Tvalis gadavlebiTac kargad Cans, rom wm. <strong>maqsime</strong>s garemocva, mTeli<br />
misi sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi, monoTelituri iyo. gamonaklisia
202 <strong>grigol</strong> <strong>ruxaZe</strong><br />
mxolod herakle keisari, romelTanac <strong>wmida</strong> <strong>maqsime</strong>s urTierToba,<br />
Cveni azriT, gaurkveveli Cans.<br />
herakle mefe da <strong>maqsime</strong> aRmsarebeli<br />
`esmoda mefesa yovelTagan Rirsisa mis <strong>maqsime</strong>s sibrZne da mecnierebaÁ<br />
da friadi RmrTis-moyuarebaÁ, mouwoda TÂsa... da misca<br />
mas pativi, sameufoTa mwignobarTa mTavrobaÁ~ (T. 3). _ sakmarisi<br />
cnobaa imis gasaTvaliswineblad, Tu rogori ndoba hqonda mefes<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong>s mimarT, romelsac aseTi warCinebuli pativi mianiWa. miuxedavad<br />
amisa, `cxovrebaSi~ (ara marto Cvens redaqciaSi) araferia<br />
naTqvami Rirsi <strong>maqsime</strong>s poziciis Sesaxeb, roca herakle mefe misTvis<br />
ucnob saRmrTismetyvelo sakiTxze pasuxs yvela cnobili adgilobrivi<br />
eklesiis meTaurisgan iTxovda.<br />
movlenebi ase viTardeboda. iakobitTa mTavarepiskoposis, uke-<br />
Turi aTanases SekiTxvaze _ «nebisaTÂs da saqmisa, viTar ityÂ,<br />
ori jer-ars Tqumad qristÀsTÂs anu erTi?» _ pasuxis misaRebad<br />
herakle keisari jer sergios konstantinepolels daekiTxa, Semdeg<br />
kÂroz aleqsandriels da bolos romis paps, iovanesac miswera<br />
werili. sergiosisa da kÂrozis azriT, «erTi nebaÁ da erTi saqme<br />
jer-ars Tqumad qristÀsTÂs» (T. 6.), xolo papi ioanes mixedviT,<br />
aRviarebT «orsa nebasa da orsa saqmesa, rameTu ara ars bunebaÁ<br />
unebeli da usaqmoÁ». am sakiTxis Taobaze sofron ierusalimelma<br />
kreba moiwvia, «SeaCuenna metyuelni erTisa nebisani» da krebis<br />
gadawyvetileba herakle mefes epistoleTi Seatyobina.<br />
`esma raÁ ese yoveli mefesa, Sewuxna da ver gulisÃma hyofda,<br />
Tu romelTa sityuaÁ daamtkicos~. aseTi orWofobis dros, gana<br />
SesaZlebelia, rom qristiani mefe misi mwignobarTmTavris azriT<br />
ar dainteresebuliyo, sanam mcdar gadawyvetilebas miiRebda? _<br />
samwuxarod, pasuxs Cven versad vpoulobT, xolo mefe `hgonebda,<br />
Tu keTilsa rasme iqms. dawera brZanebaÁ, raÁTa arca erTsa nebasa<br />
da saqmesa ityodian, arca orsa~ (T. 6). am brZanebas, romelsac samecniero<br />
literaturaSi `ekTezisis~ (`sawamebelis~) saxeliT moixsenieben,<br />
ori uaryofiTi mxare hqonda: a) sarwmunoebrivi, radgan<br />
igi ar aRiarebda arcerT konfesiur gansazRvrebas, anu is arc<br />
marTlmadidebluri (dioTelituri) iyo da arc monoTelituri; b)<br />
politikuri, radgan gadauWreli saRmrTismetyvelo sakiTxis konservacia,<br />
anu Tavisufali gansjis akrZalva dogmatur Temaze davis<br />
dros, mis gaqrobas ar iwvevs da, adre Tu gvian, igi eklesias axal<br />
da ufro mwvave problemad ubrundeba.
kimenuri redaqcia<br />
sarwmunoeba da aRsareba<br />
203<br />
mefis ekTezisSi qristianisTvis principulad miuRebeli is iyo,<br />
rom brZaneba dadumebas moiTxovda da ara sarwmunoebis aRsarebas.<br />
analogiuri moTxovna kosta mefisgan wargzavnilma troile patrikmac<br />
wauyena Rirs <strong>maqsime</strong>s: `gulsa Sina Sensa gaqundin viTarca gnebavs,<br />
aravin gayenebs. <strong>wmida</strong>man <strong>maqsime</strong> Tqua: ufalman da macxovarman<br />
Cvenman ara egre brZana, raÁTa gulsa Sina oden gaqundes sarwmunoebaÁ,<br />
aramed esreT ityÂs: `romelman ara aRmiaros me winaSe kacTa,<br />
arca me aRviaro igi winaSe mamisa Cemisa zecaTaÁsa~ (mT. 10,33), da<br />
<strong>wmida</strong>Á mociquli ityÂs: `gulsa grwamsca simarTled, da piriTa<br />
aRiarebdi sacxorebelad~ (rom. 10,10), `rameTu aR-Tu-iaro piriTa<br />
SeniTa ufali iesu da grwmenes guliTa SeniTa, viTarmed RmerTman<br />
aRadgina igi mkudreTiT, scxonde~ (rom. 10,9). aw ukue vinaÁTgan Tavadi<br />
ufali Cueni iesu qristÀ da yovelni winawarmetyuelni da mociqulni<br />
esreT ityÂan, raÁTa sityÂT da gonebiT da ÃmiTa maRliTa<br />
aRviarebdeT saidumlosa mas marTlmadideblobisasa, didsa mas da<br />
didebulsa da yovlisa soflisa ganmacxovelebelsa, ara jer-ars<br />
yovladve dadumebaÁ qadagebisaÁ mis, rameTu ara warwymdes cxorebaÁ<br />
maTi, romelni dumden~ (T. 23).<br />
bolo dros Cvens samwysoSic gaxSirda gamonaTqvami, romelic<br />
swored aRmsareblobis erTgulebis ganelebasa da mis Sesaxeb dadumebas<br />
unda moaswavebdes: iseTi Jami dadga, kacma marto sakuTari<br />
Tavis gadarCenaze unda ifiqroso. Cveni azriT, igi gansakuTrebiT miuRebelia<br />
moraluri TvalsazrisiT, radgan is ara marto pirovnebis<br />
egoizmze, aramed sazogadoebrivi problemebisadmi indiferentizmzec<br />
metyvelebs. Tu kacs guli ar Sestkiva moyvasis, eklesiisa<br />
da samSoblos gansacdelze, anu Tu mis siyvaruls gancdis obieqti<br />
ara aqvs da yvelaferze dums, maSin igi ubralod mas aRar hqonia da<br />
usiyvarulod romel qristianobaze SeiZleba saubari?<br />
qristianuli siyvaruliT aRsavse gulma aTqmevina nikoloz<br />
baraTaSvils: `arc kaci varga, rom cocxali mkvdarsa emsgavsos,<br />
iyos sofelSi da soflisaTvis ara izrunos~. qristiani movalea,<br />
ara mxolod Sinaganad atarebdes mzes simarTlisa, aramed gareganadac<br />
asxivebdes mis naTels da SeeZlos brZola im usamarTlobisa<br />
da borotebis winaaRmdeg, romelTa damkvidrebas dRes codvis dakanonebiTa<br />
da tradiciebis aRmofxvriT cdiloben. magaliTad, paradi<br />
rom sazeimo daTvalierebas niSnavs da mas erebi imitom atareben,<br />
rom esa Tu is RirsSesaniSnavi da istoriuli movlena idResaswaulon,<br />
yvelasTvis naTelia, magram dRevandel saqarTveloSi arse-
204 <strong>grigol</strong> <strong>ruxaZe</strong><br />
buli Zalebi, sxva mraval ubedurebasTan erTad, daJinebiT cdiloben<br />
sodomuri aRlumis gamarTvas, romliTac undaT dagvimtkicon,<br />
rom Cven zneobrivi da kulturuli eris saxe davkargeT da mxolod<br />
pirutyvuli yofa Segvefereba. Tumca maT aviwydebaT, rom Cvens mravalmxriv<br />
reformirebul erSi, romelic ukve yofna-aryofnis zRvarze<br />
dgas, mainc cocxlobs didi rusTveli: `sjobs sicocxlesa<br />
naZraxsa sikvdili saxelovani!~ am mxriv serb xalze SegviZlia vTqvaT,<br />
rom man 2011 wels gamocda gmirulad Caabara, roca sodomuri<br />
aRlumis SeiaraRebul adeptTa winaSe qedi ar moidrika. <br />
eklesia da saxelmwifo<br />
eklesia, dRemde meored mosvlisa, nebismieri saxelmwifo wyobilebis<br />
pirobebSi iarsebebs. amitom qristians moeTxoveba codna<br />
imisa, Tu romeli samoqalaqo kanonis morCileba SeiZleba da romlisa<br />
_ ara, raTa rogorc uflis, ise sindisis winaSe pirnaTeli<br />
iyos. wm. <strong>maqsime</strong> troile patriks eubneba: `aha esera vity winaSe<br />
RmrTisa da <strong>wmida</strong>Ta angelozTa, ukueTu brZanebaÁ igi mefisaÁ sulisa<br />
Cemisa savnebeli ara iyos, aramed saqmeTagan iyos sawuTrosa amas<br />
Tana ganqarvebadTa, aRvasrulo brZanebaÁ mefobisa misisaÁ~ (T. 23).<br />
xolo sulis savnebeli, udavod, mxolod im saqmeSi monawileoba<br />
SeiZleba iyos, romelic RmrTis mcnebaTa sawinaaRmdegoa; mcnebebSi<br />
ki rogorc sarwmunoebrivi, ise zneobrivi Sinaarsi igulisxmeba,<br />
radgan isini erTmaneTis gareSe ar arseboben.<br />
zemoT ganxiluli sakiTxidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba daibados<br />
kiTxva: gana adamianisTvis sulis savnebeli SeiZleba iyos saqme,<br />
romelSic TviTon ar monawileobs? _ zogadad, ra Tqma unda, ara,<br />
magram Tu TviT es saqme ara pirovnuli, aramed sazogadoebrivia da<br />
amdenad masSi armonawileoba gulgrilobas niSnavs TanamoqalaqeTa<br />
Rirsebisa da erovnuli tradiciebis Seuracxhyofisadmi, maSin am<br />
mdgomareobidan uvnebeli rogor gamova? _ es igive dadumebuli<br />
aRmsareblobaa, radgan saqveyno saqmidan gandgoma brZolis velidan<br />
gaparvas niSnavs da mas erTaderTi Sesaferi saxeli _ Ralati _<br />
hqvia.<br />
saqarTvelo samasi aragvelis qveyanaa da gamocdilebiT viciT,<br />
rom arsTa gamrige gamarjvebul brZolebs ki ara, Tavdadebul<br />
gmirebs iTvlis da ukanasknel samsjavroze gvirgvinebs ara saku-<br />
___________<br />
<br />
miuxedavad masStaburi sxvaobisa, igive SeiZleba iTqvas TbilisSi, ama wlis maisSi<br />
sindisdamwvarTa mier gamarTul sarepeticio miniparadTan dakavSirebiTac, roca<br />
qarTvelebma SeZles win aRdgomodnen am umsgavsobas.
kimenuri redaqcia<br />
205<br />
Tari sicocxlis SenarCunebisTvis, aramed misi gawirvisTvis ganamzadebs.<br />
sxvaTa Soris, mSveneba erovnuli sulisa, lado asaTiani,<br />
warmoSobiT wm. <strong>maqsime</strong> <strong>aRmsareblis</strong> eqsoriobis sanaxebidan rom<br />
iyo da arc Tu ise Sors idga misgan tanjuli xorciTa da sulis<br />
silamaziT, ase gamoxatavs rwmenas samSoblos samsaxurisadmi: `ra<br />
qarTveli xar da ra vaJkaci, Tu mamuls Tavi ar anacvale ~.<br />
mokled rom vTqvaT, sakuTari qveynis dacva da kanonmorCileba<br />
qristianis movaleobaa, magram mas ara marto sulis savnebel br-<br />
ZanebaTa mimarT daumorCilebloba, aramed maTgan sxva TanamemamuleTa<br />
dasacavad brZolac marTebs.<br />
winaswarcnoba da ganCineba<br />
axla ki brZolis velidan RmrTismetyvelebaSi gadavinacvloT<br />
da gavarkvioT, Tu rogor ganasxvavebs wm. <strong>maqsime</strong> aRmsarebeli<br />
RmrTis winaswarcnobasa da winaswargangebas erTmaneTisagan.<br />
vfiqrobT umjobesi iqneba, Tevdosi kesaria-biTvinielisa da Rirsi<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong>s kiTxva-migebidan (T. 21), romelSic zemoxsenebuli sakiTxi<br />
aris ganxiluli, jer Tezisebi amovwe roT, raTa saboloo gansaz-<br />
Rvrebis miReba gagviadvildes.<br />
_ `viTarca igi mecnierebaÁ misi winaÁswar ars, egreTve ganCinebaÁ<br />
dasabamiTgan ars~. _ e. i. rogorc RmerTma yvelafris Sesaxeb<br />
yovelive winaswar icis, aseve mismieri ganCinebac (gansazRvreba,<br />
gadawyvetileba) pirveliTgan, imTaviTve arsebobs.<br />
_ `winaÁswarcnobaÁ Ãelmwifebasa Sina Cuensa myofTa saqmeTa<br />
da sityuaTa da gulis-zraxvaTaÁ ars, xolo ganCinebaÁ mowevnad-<br />
TaTÂs Cuen zeda Cuenda unebelad iTqumis~. _ e. i. RmerTi winaswarmcnobia<br />
im gagebiT, rom man Cveni nebidan gamomdinare saqmeebi,<br />
sityvebi da azrebi winaswar icis, xolo ganCineba ewodeba yovelive<br />
imas, rac Cven momavalSi unda SegvemTxves da igi Cvens nebaze ar aris<br />
damokidebuli.<br />
_ Tevdosi episkoposis SekiTxvaze: `romelni saqmeni arian<br />
Cuensa Ãelmwifebasa da romelni arian Cuenda unebelad, da viTar<br />
romelnime winaÁswarmcnobelobasa RmrTisasa miaCemen da romelnime<br />
winaÁswargangebasa?~ <strong>wmida</strong> <strong>maqsime</strong>m upasuxa: `Ãelmwifebasa Sina<br />
Cuensa arian yovelnive, romelnica nebiTa CueniTa iqmnebian, gina<br />
Tu keTilni saqmeni gina Tu borotni, xolo unebelad Cuenda arian<br />
yovelni mowevnadni Cuen zeda Wirni da gansacdelni, anu maTni<br />
winaaRmdgomni, rameTu arca snebaÁ Cuensa Ãelmwifebasa ars, arca<br />
simrTelÀ, daRacaTu mizezni snebisa da simrTeli sani mravalT-gzis
206 <strong>grigol</strong> <strong>ruxaZe</strong><br />
Cuengan iqmnebian; uwesoebaÁ da ukrZalve lobaÁ Wamad TaÁ mizezi ars<br />
senTaÁ, da krZalviT da wesierad ÃumevaÁ momatyuebel ars simrTelisaÁ;<br />
aramed mowevnani igi senTani gareSe nebisa Cuenisa arian da<br />
simrTele arave Cuensa Ãelmwifebasa ars, da sxuanica soflisa<br />
saqmeni, simdidrÀ anu siglaxakÀ, didebaÁ anu SeuracxebaÁ da sxvani<br />
msgavsni amaTni. xolo viTarca igi vTqu, viTarmed simrTelÀ<br />
da sneulebaÁ ara Cuensa nebasa da Ãelmwifebasa zeda ars, garna<br />
mizezni maTni Cuen zeda arian, egreTve saxed ars sulierica, rameTu<br />
sasufevlisa caTaÁsa mizezi ars damarxvaÁ mcnebaTa qristesTaÁ da<br />
jojoxeTisa momatyuebel ars gardaslvaÁ mcnebaTa misTaÁ~.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, yoveli saqme _ keTili Tu boroti,<br />
`romelnica nebiTa CueniTa iqmnebian~, iseve winaswar icis RmerTma,<br />
rogorc Cveni qmedebiT anu mizeziT gamowveuli Sedegebi _ sneba Tu<br />
simrTele, simdidre Tu siglaxake, magram Cvens nebaze damokidebuli<br />
saqmeni mxolod RmrTis winaswarcnobas miewerebian, xolo ara Cveni<br />
nebiT, aramed Cveni mizeziT ganpirobebuli saqmeni RmrTis ganCinebiT<br />
anu winaswargangebiT iqmnebian. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom<br />
winaswari gangeba RmrTis mier adamianisTvis winaswargansazRvrul<br />
xvedrs ar niSnavs, piriqiT, es aris adamianis Tavisufali qmedebis<br />
kanonzomieri Sedegi, romelic uzenaesi samarTlianobiT aris daculi<br />
da daSvebuli.<br />
rac Seexeba, RmrTis mier daSvebuli gansacdelis mniSvnelobas,<br />
miuxe davad imisa, rom `mravalsaxe ars ukue da mravalguari mowevnaÁ<br />
gansacdelisaÁ~, <strong>wmida</strong> <strong>maqsime</strong> ase ganmartavs: `gamosacdelad<br />
moslvaÁ WirTa da urvaTaÁ <strong>wmida</strong>TaÁ ars da marTalTaÁ, raÁTa gamoCndes<br />
gansacdelTa mier keTili da axovani gonebaÁ maTi sofelsa<br />
Sina da cnan kacTa dafaruli igi saTnoebaÁ maTi; ...egreTve yovelTa<br />
<strong>wmida</strong>Ta, romelnica Wirni SeemTxÂnes amas sawuTrosa, amiT esevi-<br />
TariTa gangebulebiTa SeemTxÂnes, raÁTa WiriTa miT da uZlurebiTa<br />
ÃorcTaÁTa daTrgunon ampartavani igi da gandgomili veSapi,<br />
romel ars eSmaki. ese ukue saxÀ, viTarca vTqu, <strong>wmida</strong>TaÁ ars, xolo<br />
codvilTa da braleulTa kacTa zeda movlen gansacdelni odesme<br />
Sesan dobelad codvaTa, ukueTu madlobiT Seiwynaron da odesme<br />
damaye nebelad codvaTa; da kualad ganwirulTa zeda da winaaRmdgomTa<br />
RmrTisaTa moiwevian gansacdelni, raÁTa ixilon sxuaTa da<br />
ganekrZalnen~.<br />
maSasadame, gangebiT mowevnul gansacdelTa xuT mizezs asaxelebs<br />
<strong>wmida</strong> <strong>maqsime</strong> aRmsarebeli: <strong>wmida</strong>Ta gamoCenisaTvis, eSmakTa<br />
daTrgunvisaTvis, codvaTa SendobisaTvis, codvaTa dayenebisaTvis,<br />
codvilTa sasjelisaTvis da maTTa mxilvelTa gankrZalvisaTvis.
kimenuri redaqcia<br />
saRmrTismetyvelo gansazRvrebani<br />
207<br />
TxzulebaSi CarTuli saRmrTismetyvelo teqstebi imdenad<br />
mniSvnelov ania, axlo momavalSi rom ar velodeT mis axal gamocemas,<br />
aqve srulad warmovadgendiT. jerjerobiT ki mxolod cnobebiT<br />
Semovifar gloT. wm. <strong>maqsime</strong>s `cxovrebidan~ erT-erTi swavleba, romelic,<br />
faqtobrivad, vrcel mrwamss warmoadgens (T. 26), m. sabininma<br />
`saqarTvelos samoTxeSi~ (1882 w.) Seitana saTauriT `WeSmariti<br />
aRsareba marTlisa sarwmunoebisa Tqmuli Rirsisa mamisa Cuenisa<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong> aRmsarebelisa~, da iqve samarTlianad miuTiTa: `romelsa<br />
zeda sruliad Tanaxma ars saqarTvelos eklesia aqamomde~. aRsarebis<br />
pirveli nawili, romelic uSualod wm. <strong>maqsime</strong>s ekuTvnis, es<br />
aris, daaxloebiT 50 striqonSi Cateuli lakoniurad da sistemuri<br />
saxiT gadmocemuli, ZiriTadi sarwmunoebrivi swavlebani, romelic,<br />
rogorc xati aRmsareblobisa, nebismieri sasuliero saswavleblis<br />
auditorias daamSvenebda.<br />
marTalia, miqael sabininma mTeli es `WeSmariti aRsareba~ Rirsi<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong>s saxels miawera, magram, vfiqrobT, principulad araviTari<br />
Secdoma ar dauSvia, radgan aRsarebis meore Semadgeneli nawili,<br />
Tumca Cven mier ganxilul `cxovrebaSi~, saidanac is aris aRebuli,<br />
isea warmodgenili rogorc VI msoflio krebis dadgenileba (T. 34),<br />
mTlianad Rirsi <strong>maqsime</strong>s RmrTismetyvelebaze aris agebuli, gansakuTrebiT<br />
ki swavleba dioTelitobaze, romlis sistematizatori,<br />
udavod, wm. <strong>maqsime</strong> aRmsarebeli iyo. Txzulebis mixedviT, VI krebis<br />
ZeglisweraSi sxva <strong>wmida</strong> mamebi _ aTanase didi, <strong>grigol</strong> RmrTismetyveli,<br />
leon RmerTSemosili da kÂrile aleqsandrieli _ arian<br />
dasaxelebulni, magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom <strong>maqsime</strong> <strong>aRmsareblis</strong><br />
roli axladwarmoqmnili qristologiuri kamaTis gadawyvetis<br />
saqmeSi IV-V ss-is mamebze naklebmniSvnelovani iyo; Tumca isic unda<br />
aRiniSnos, rom safuZvels wm. <strong>maqsime</strong>s saRmrTismetyvelo gansaz-<br />
RvrebebisTvis swored maTi swavlani qmnidnen.<br />
amasTanave, Cveni wyaros mowmobiT, wm. <strong>maqsime</strong>s saeklesio mosaxsenebeli<br />
dReebi (amaze calke qvemoT visaubrebT) VI krebam daadgina<br />
da `<strong>wmida</strong>Á martine hromisa papaÁ da <strong>wmida</strong>Á <strong>maqsime</strong> aRmsarebeli<br />
ÃmamaRlad adidnes, da saÃsenebelad saukunod netarebaÁ da<br />
qebaÁ maTi ganaweses~ (T. 33). marTalia, am cnobas berZnuli teqsti<br />
VI msoflio krebis oqmebisa ar iZleva, masSi <strong>maqsime</strong>ze saerTod<br />
araferi ar aris naTqvami, magram amis gamo rom <strong>qarTuli</strong> cnobebis<br />
uaryofa ar SeiZleba, Cven sruliad veTanxmebiT prof. k. kekeliZis<br />
safuZvlian varauds: `saqme isaa, rom Zneli da warmoudgenelic ki
208 <strong>grigol</strong> <strong>ruxaZe</strong><br />
aris daSveba imisa, rom VI msoflio krebam, romelic specialurad<br />
iqna mowveuli im eresze samsjelod, romelTanac brZolaSi Tavisi<br />
mraval tanjuli sicocxle <strong>maqsime</strong>m mowameobrivad aRasrula,<br />
sruliad ugulisx mierod auara gverdi mis saxels, romelic ase<br />
mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli monoTelitobasTan da romelic gansjili<br />
da dagmobili iqna misi literaturul-aRmsareblobiTi<br />
moRvaweobis wyalobiT. aqedan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT<br />
arseboba VI msoflio krebis aqtebis iseTi nusxisa, romelic<br />
Seicavda zemomoyvanil cnobebs <strong>maqsime</strong>s Sesaxeb, magram, samwuxarod,<br />
Cvenamde ver Semoinaxa. davuSvaT, aseTi nusxa krebis aqtebisa<br />
arasdros arsebobda da es cnobebi <strong>maqsime</strong>s `cxovrebaSi~ eqvTimes<br />
meSveobiT moxvda; maSin Cven unda vaRiaroT arseboba sxva werilobiTi<br />
wyaroebisa, radgan eqvTimes mis mier naTargmn TxzulebebSi<br />
haeridan motanili («от ветра главы своея») araviTari damateba ar<br />
Sehqonda~. 4<br />
mosaxsenebeli Rirsisa <strong>maqsime</strong>si<br />
Tevdosi xucesi `cxovrebaSi~ garkveviT aRniSnavs: `aResrula, vi-<br />
Tarca vTqu, RmerT-Semosili mamaÁ Cueni da aRmsarebeli qristesi<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong> TTuesa agvistosa cametsa. xolo aResrulebis saÃsenebeli<br />
misi mas dResaca, da kualad aResrulebis TTuesa ianvarsa oc da<br />
erTsa, odes igi tanjes da dahkueTes <strong>wmida</strong>Á igi enaÁ da Ãeli misi,<br />
rameTu esreT ganaweses <strong>wmida</strong>Ta mamaTa meequsisa mis krebisaTa~ (T. 31).<br />
miuxedavad imisa, 13/26 agvistos Rirsi mamis moxsenieba, am erTerTi<br />
uZvelesi wyaros mixedviT, eWvs ar iwvevs, berZnul svinaqsareb-<br />
Si am dRes dadebulia ara Cveulebrivi xseneba, aramed Rirsi <strong>maqsime</strong><br />
<strong>aRmsareblis</strong> nawilTa aRmoyvaneba, an gadasveneba konstantinepolSi,<br />
xolo mosaxseneblis TariRi aRsasrulis wels, 662-s miuTiTebs. es<br />
Secdoma bolo dromde Cvens saeklesio kalendarSic iyo gaparuli,<br />
rogorc Cans, eladis an ruseTis eklesiaTa mosaxseneblebis gavleniT;<br />
faqti ki isaa, rom wm. <strong>maqsime</strong>s <strong>wmida</strong> nawilTa gadasveneba konstantinepolSi<br />
arasdros momxdara da TviT berZnul wyaroebSic,<br />
garda martooden faqtis aRniSvnisa, araviTari istoriuli sabuTi<br />
nawilTa aRmoyvanebis Taobaze ar arsebobs. 5<br />
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom eladisgan gansxvavebiT, magaliTad, konstantinepolisa<br />
da aleqsandriis berZnuli eklesiebis Tanamedrove<br />
kalendrebSi 13/26 agvistos ara nawilTa aRmoyvaneba, aramed Rirsi<br />
<strong>maqsime</strong> <strong>aRmsareblis</strong> mxolod saxeli, anu aRsrulebis dRe aris<br />
moxseniebuli.
kimenuri redaqcia<br />
209<br />
Cven mier ganxiluli Txzulebis gacnobis Semdeg mkiTxveli TviT<br />
mixvdeba, Tu ramden sakiTxze SeiZleboda kidev yuradRebis gamaxvileba,<br />
magram, Cveni azriT, mxolod ZiriTadi sakiTxebi gamovyaviT<br />
da maT komentirebas SevecadeT.<br />
dabolos, narkvevs <strong>`cxovrebis~</strong> dasasruls aRvlenili SesaniSnavi<br />
locvis sityvebiT davasrulebT: `Ä brZenTa-mTavaro da srulo<br />
filosofosTa Soris, samkaulo monazonTao, didebulo <strong>maqsime</strong>...<br />
moved Cuenda savsÀ madliTa sulieriTa, guaswave viTar jer-ars qebaÁ<br />
da SesxmaÁ Seni, mohfine Cuen zeda madli Seni, da meoxebiTa SeniTa<br />
wargÂZeRu gzasa cxorebisasa, Rirs guyven swavlaTa da moZRurebaTa<br />
SenTa aRsrulebad, rameTu daRacaTu warxued amier sofliT,<br />
aramed cxovel xar winaSe RmrTisa, romlisaTÂsca iRuawe~. amin.<br />
SeniSvnebi:<br />
1<br />
k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> literaturis istoriidan,<br />
VII, Tb., 1961. gv. 16,20.<br />
2<br />
Monumenta hagiographica Georgica, Keimena, I, gv. 60-103, Tb., 1918.<br />
_ manve es vrceli redaqcia arasrulad Targmna rusulad da gamoaqveyna<br />
ufro adre, vidre <strong>qarTuli</strong>: К. Кекелидзе, Cведения грузинских<br />
источников о Максиме Испо ве днике / Труды Киевской Д. Академии,<br />
Сентябрь-ноябрь, 1912. _ Semdgom «Сведе ния» Se tanil iqna<br />
zemoT miTiTebuli etiudebis VII tomSi.<br />
aseve k. kekeliZem gamoaqveyna wm. <strong>maqsime</strong> <strong>aRmsareblis</strong> <strong>`cxovrebis~</strong><br />
metafrasuli, magram moculobiT kimenurze ufro mcire, redaqcia<br />
(etiudebi, III, Tb., 1955), romlis avtoria ioane qsifilinosi (XI s.),<br />
xolo gadmoTargmnilia qarTulad XII s-Si.<br />
3<br />
cnobisTvis aRvniSnavT, rom sapatriarqos gamomcemlobas es<br />
kimenuri redaqcia dasabeWdad ukve gamarTuli aqvs da misi Setana<br />
`saqarTvelos samoTxis~ axal Sevsebul krebulSi aris gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
4<br />
dasx. etiudebi, VII, 1961. gv. 34. agreTve ix.: А. Бриллиантов, О<br />
месте кончины и погребения св. Максима Исповедника, СПБ., 2006. gv.<br />
293.<br />
5<br />
iqve, gv. 33.
Change language