Teimuraz Rlonti qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni qarTuli sufra ...

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni109mier sruldeboda. rac Seexeba mReras, simReras, is galobisaganunda warmoSobiliyo.ramdenadac miwaTmoqmedi adamiani `deda-RvTaebis~ kultTanuSualod akavSirebda Rvinos, rogorc Sesawir, ZRvnad misarTmevproduqts, amdenad mas vazis kulturisa da Rvinisadmi mokrZalebulidamokidebulebac unda gasCenoda. puri da Rvino imTaviTve undahqonoda Secnobili RmrTisagan boZebul did sikeTeebad _ `Wamadadsicocxlisa~ da `sasumelad sicocxlisa~.Rvino adamianTa guneba-ganwyobis amaRlebas uwyobda xels daerTad yofnisa da Tavis Seqcevis survils aZlierebda. amaRlebuliganwyoba leqsisa da galoba-simReris warmoTqmis, moWarbebulienergia ki moZraobis, anu cekva-TamaSis survils badebda. TandaTanobiTyalibdeboda Cveva da Semdgom garkveuli wesi purobisa dasafuZveli eyreboda tradiciuli ritualis Camoyalibebas.a. lekiaSvilis azriT, `xalxs Rvino wminda sasmelad warmoedgina,amotomac iyo CarTuli sarwmunoebriv wesebSi RviniT xelis ganbanvada Rvinis mosxureba. sagulisxmoa, rom cxovrebis yovel mniSvnelovanmovlenas: Svilis dabadebas, qorwilsa Tu dasaflavebas, sxvadasxvadReoba-dResaswauls aucileblad Rvinis sma agvirgvinebda.Rvino _ wminda sasmeli _ sxvadasxva wmindanisa da RvTaebis soflisaTu sagvareulo, saTemo Tu saxevo mfarveli `patronebis” Sesawiraviciyo. Sesawirav Rvinos _ zedaSes sagangebo qvevrebSi inaxavdnen” 6 .maRali done qarTuli saritualo yofiTi kulturisa, romelicaTaswleulTa ganmavlobaSi viTardeboda da yalibdeboda, gvafiqrebinebs,rom igi unda Casaxuliyo swored neoliT-eneoliTisxanebSi samxreT kavkasiaSi gansaxlebuli qarTveluri modgmis tomebSi.miwaTmoqmedeba da gansakuTrebiT mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba undayofiliyo is bazisi, romelzec aRmocenda SemdgomSi zednaSeni _uZvelesi qarTuli civilizacia. am procesSi ganmsazRvreli roliiTamaSa vazis kulturam. religiuri da yofiTi saritualo wes-Cveulebebis warmoqmna--Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis safuZvelze aTaswleulTa ganmavlobaSiCamoyalibda maTi aRsrulebis is unikaluri forma, romelsacqarTuli sufra hqvia, kerZod, misi saxeebi, rogoricaayoveldRiuri, saqorwino, religiuri da kalendaruli dReobebis,Talxi, anu samgloviaro sufrebi. es saxeebi pirobiTad SeiZlebalxinisa da Wiris sufrad davajgufoT. Wiri da lxini xom kacTa6 a. lekiaSvili, `Sen xar venaxi~, 1972. gv. 117.

110 Teimuraz Rlonticxovrebis mudmivad urTierTmonacvale movlenebia, romelTa aRniSvnacsufris gareSe ar xdeba. wesi da Tadarigi Wirisa da lxinissufrebisa mkacrad reglamentirebuli da daxvewilia da TanameinaxeTasulier-zneobrivi ganwyobis adekvaturad gamomxatveli.yoveldRiuri sufris erT-erTi da metad mniSvnelovani gamoxatulebaaojaxuri trapezi, romelic Tavisi SinaarsiTa da formiTgansxvavebuli movlenaa. ojaxuri trapezi, anu ojaxis wevrTa Sekrebasauzmisas, sadilisas, samxrisa Tu vaxSmisas SeiZleba qarTulisufris erTgvar intimur da Rrmad Sinaarsian saxesxvaobad miviCnioT.ojaxuri trapezis Tanamonawileni ojaxis wevrebi arian, aqumTavresi momenti ojaxuri intimia.ojaxuri trapezi uaxloes, sisxliT naTesavTa erTad yofnissasixarulo gancdaa, RmrTisagan boZebuli sasmelisa da sazrdelis,anu pur-Rvinis miRebis sixarulia. amdenad, ojaxuri trapezierTgvarad garkveuli saidumloebis momcveli fenomenia. es gancdaSinagani sulieri simSvidiTa da TiTqosda gaucnobierebeli dagamouTqmeli erTad yofnis sixaruliT gvirgvindeba.qarTveli kaci transformirebis gasaocari unariT gamoirCeva.igi dRevandeli globalizaciis niSniT aRbeWdili, cvalebadi daxSirad araprognozirebadi garemos pirobebSic ki cdilobs Seinar-Cunos ojaxuri tradiciebi, kerZod, ojaxuri trapezis uZvelesitradicia, Tumca amis aRsrulebas yovelTvis rodi axerxebs. ojax-Si, sadac urTierToba simSvidis, siyvarulis, ufros-umcrosobis,TavdaWerilobisa da siamtkbilobis principzea dafuZnebuli, er-Tad trapezobis survili Sinagan moTxovnilebad aris qceuli daZaldautaneblad ibadeba.mavani da mavani ikiTxavs: rogorRa movaxerxoT erToblivi trapezi, roca ojaxis wevrebi TiTqmis mTeli dRiT arian gasulnisamuSaod? samwuxarod, es realobaa da amas versad gaveqceviT, magram,roca ki ojaxis wevrebs amis saSualeba miecemaT, sasurvelia,aRasrulon ojaxuri trapezi. sxvagvarad, sufris erToblivitrapezis ignorireba uaryofiT gavlenas upiratesad mozard Taobazeaxdens. ikargeba RvTiur sikeTeTa erToblivad miRebis gancda,trapezTan qcevis etiketis Secnobisa da gaazrebis saSualeba, racxels uwyobs mozard TaobaSi (da ara marto masSi) gankerZoebulobisutaqto da uetiketo Cvevebis Camoyalibebas. isec xdeba, romojaxis wevrebi ikribebian satrapezod da dawyebisTanave irTvebatelevizori, miuxedavad imisa, ra Sinaarsis masala gadmoicema cisferekranze. metrapezeni misCerebian ekrans da erTmaneTs veRaramCneven, lukmas lukmaze angariSmiucemlad ayoleben da veRarc ki

112 Teimuraz RlontiTina ivelaSvilis ganmartebiT, gardacvlili adamianis SesandobradwarmoTqmuli sityvis Semdeg sasmisis dacla tradiciulad dauSvebeliiyo. saflavze gasuli mamakacebi Sesandobaris Tqmisas sasmisidanRvinos odnav mosvamdnen, danarCens ki saflavze daaqcevdnen.dRes gakvirvebas iwvevs amgvari qmedeba. zogierTs micvalebulispativiscema isa hgonia, Tu Sesandobars bolomde gamoclis. samwuxarod,gacnobiereba ar xdeba im mniSvnelovani garemoebisa, romsasmisSi moTavsebuli Rvino micvalebulis wilia, Cven mxolod mcirediunda movsvaT da amiT micvalebulis xsovnisadmi Cveni TanaziarobagamovxatoT.Sesandobaris warmoTqmisas igoneben micvalebulis cxovrebisgzas, mis Rvawlsa da damsaxurebas ojaxisa Tu eris winaSe da Ses-Txoven ufals, raTa Seundos amqveyniuri codvebi da naTelSi amyofosmisi suli.Cvens TanamedroveT imis gacnobierebac uWirT, rogor SeiZlebaSvid (an cxra) Sesandobarsa da sadRegrZeloSi saTqmelis sruladCateva. Cveni azriT, es imitom xdeba, rom Wiris sufram dakarga TavisiSinaarsobriv-garegnuli forma da ufro TavSesaqcev wveulebadgadaiqca, sadac jerjerobiT ar mRerian da ar cekvaven. magram ganaar gvinaxavs dRes iseTi e.w. lxinis sufrebi, sadac arc mRerian daarc ukraven da sadac usagno Wama-smaa gaCaRebuli mxolod? Wirissufrebi swored amgvar sufrebs ufro emsgavseba.sadRegrZeloebis raodenobaze mogaxsenebT. Talxi sufra gardacvlilisSesandobariT iwyeboda (romlis warmoTqmamde purisgatexa wesad ar iyo miRebuli). Semdeg ismeboda gardacvlilis ojaxiswevrebis sadRegrZelo. mesame sadRegrZeloSi ojaxs locavdnen,usurvebdnen gamravlebas, baraqasa da keTildReobas. Semdeg ki warmoTqvamdnenaxlad gardacvlilTa Sesandobars. Semdegi sadRegrZelomSvidobisa iyo. momdevno sadRegrZeloTi ki micvalebulis na-Tesavebsa da mezoblebs dalocavdnen. bolos adRegrZelebdnen maT,vinc gaapatiosna micvalebuli da gauWra saflavi. im SemTxvevaSi,Tu gardacvlili xandazmuli iyo, sufris winamZRols SeeZlo kidevori sadRegrZelo Seesva, mxolod es sadRegrZeloebic aucilebladgardacvlilTan unda yofiliyo dakavSirebuli.ramdenime sityviT gvsurs, SevCerdeT Talx sufraze warmoTqmulSesandobarTa da sadRegrZeloTa raodenobaze. ase gasinjeT, dResTalx sufraze sadRegrZeloTa da SesandobarTa raodenoba cxramet-ocsaRwevs, zogjer aWarbebs kidec. rac ewinaaRmdegeba Talxisufris Sinaarssa da mizandasaxulobas. daCqarebuli rigi Tamadismier warmoTqmuli sityvebisa arRvevs Talxi sufris simSvides,

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni113ufro metic: awuxebs TanamesufreT da Rlis maT yuradRebas. yoveliveamas mohyveba is, rom sufra TandaTanobiT iwyebs dacarielebas,maSin roca Tamada jer Sua gzazea. aRar arsebobs kontaqtiTamadasa da TanamesufreTa Soris. yvela gankerZoebiT saubrobs.amgvari mdgomareoba yovlad Seuwynarebelia, es xom micvalebulisada Wirisuflebis mimarT upativcemulobis gamoxatvaa.ukanasknel xans araerTgzis mogvismenia da wagvikiTxavs erTi metadSeusabamo da alogikuri ram: gardacvlili adamianis mosaxseniebelsityvas `sadRegrZelos~ uwodeben. erTgvarad CrdilSi eqcevaazrobrivad metad datvirTuli sityva _ `Sesandobari~. rogor SeiZlebagardacvlil adamians sadRegrZelo vuTxraT, dRegrZelobavusurvoT. Sesandobari uflis winaSe saTxovaria, raTa man micvalebulsSeundos amqveyniuri codvebi da naTelSi amyofos misi suli.amdenad, am ori natifi terminis erTmaneTSi aRreva mizanSeuwonelia. qarTvelebma viciT xolme Tqma: qarTuli sufra akademiaao. ramoiazreba am lakonursa da brZnul gamoTqmaSi? ratom uwodes qar-Tul sufras akademia? qarTuli sufra, lxinisa iqneba Tu Wirisa,oTx ZiriTad process moicavs, esenia: sufris samzadisi da gawyoba,sufris dasawyisi, Sua sufra da sufris dasasruli. TiToeulimaTganis aRsruleba gamocdilebas, pasuxismgeblobas, sulierida fizikuri Zalebis mobilizebas, daxvewil gemovnebasa da codnasmoiTxovs. sadResaswaulo sufris, nadimis mniSvnelovan, sawyisetaps warmoadgenda nadimis samzadisi. mas uaRresad mowesrigebuliorganizaciuli Tadarigianoba axasiaTebda. didi nadimis gawyobaSiojaxs naTesav-axloblebi da mezoblebi exmarebodnen, rogorc materialurad,ise fizikurad. ase, magaliTad, TemSi damkvidrebuliwesisamebr, mezoblebi Seeweodnen mozeime ojaxs RviniT, xorceuliTada sxvadasxva sanovagiT, monawileobdnen samzadisSi, amdenaderTi ojaxis zeimi Temis zeimad iqceoda.nadimis mSveneba iyo sufruli simRerebi, romlebsac yoveli sad-RegrZelos Semdeg asrulebdnen. TiToeuli simRera mxolod erTxelimRereboda da Tavis SinaarsiTa da intonaciiT TiToeul sadRegrZeloseTanawyoboda. ase, magaliTad, guriaSi pirvel sadRegrZelos,mSvidobis sadRegrZelos, simRera `Cven mSvidoba~ mohyveboda.metad saintereso masalebs gvacnobs T. ivelaSvili samcxe-javaxeTSiarsebuli tradiciis Sesaxeb. sufrulebSi erTmaneTisagangamoiyofoda `sufris gaxsnis~, `lxinSi Sesvlis~, `sufris daxurvis~anu `SemoZaxilis~ simRerebi, romlebic erTmaneTisagan ga-

114 Teimuraz RlontinirCeodnen teqstebis Sinaarsisa da Sesrulebis drois mixedviT:`sufris gaxsnis~ simRerebi religiur-istoriuli Sinaarsisa iyo,`lxinSi Sesvlisa~ _ sagmiro-sayofacxovrebo Sinaarsisa, sufrisdaxurvisa ki _ SemoZaxilis simRerebi. 8maspinZeli mudam cdilobda, stumrisaTvis Sesaferisi da saTnoZRveni mierTmia. amisaTvis is arafers iSurebda, arc fizikurad da arcmaterialurad, oRond ki stumrisaTvis esiamovnebina da stumrobisJami daemaxsovrebina. es maspinZels ojaxis Rirsebis saqmed miaCnda.erTob sapasuxismgeblo ritualia sufris gawyoba, romlisRirseulad aRsrulebas saTanado codna-gamocdileba, gemovneba daesTetikuri sazrisis done sWirdeba.qarTveli kaci dasabamidan zrunavda yofiTi cxovrebis garegnuliformis daxvewisa da srulyofisaTvis, misi es Tviseba qarTulisufris kulturis SeqmnaSic kargad gamomJRavnda. qarTvelma didigemovnebiT Semzadebuli kerZebis garegnuli ieric Taviseburaddaxvewa da Rvinoc Sesaferisi SeurCia. sufraze kerZebis miwodebasachqonda da aqvs Tavisi pewi da momxiblveloba.oriode sityviT ar SeiZleba, ar SevCerdeT adamianTa iseT sapasuxismgebloda sapatio funqciaze, romelsac sufris momsaxureni,anu motrialeni hqvia. motrialeTagan aRsaniSnavia sufraze kerZebisSemomtani adamianebi, upiratesad qalebi, da mamakacebi _ e. w.`meriqifeni~, romelTa movaleobaa sufraze Rvinis Semotana.motrialeTa saqme metad sapasuxismgebloa, mowesrigebulobas,taqts, kerZebis sufraze ganawilebis codnas, TavdaWerilobasa dayuradRebas moiTxovs. sainteresoa sityva `meriqife~-s ganmarteba:`sufraze Rvinis mimwodebeli, damsxmeli, mwde~. 9Cveni azriT, sityva `meriqife~ warmoSobili unda iyos motrialemamakacis umTavresi funqcia-movaleobidan, mas ara aqvs uflebasufris gasrulebamde Rvinis dalevisa, misi qeifis Jami mxolodSemdeg, kerZod, sufris gasrulebis Semdeg dgeba.qarTuli sufrisa da sadRegrZelos Sesaxeb metad sainteresocnobebs gvawvdis frangi mogzauri Jan Sardeni. 10Jan Sardenis aRweriT, saqorwino nadimze damswre ucxoelistumrebi aRfrTovanebulebi iyvnen qarTuli sufriT: `kerZebi saocariwesrigiTa da uxmaurod SemohqondaT. yvela uxmod asrulebdaTavis saqmes. erT magidaze msxdomi sami evropeli ufro mets xmau-8Tina ivelaSvili, qarTuli tradiciuli saqorwilo sufra da Tanamedroveoba,Tbilisi, 1991.9qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, 1990.10Jan Sardeni, mogzauroba sparseTsa da aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebSi (cnobebisaqarTvelos Sesaxeb), 1975.

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni115robda, vidre am nadimze myofi as ormocdaaTi kaci. am saucxoo wesrigisSemdeg, yuradRebas yvelaze metad WurWleulobis simravleiqcevda~. aq iyo daaxloebiT asoci fiala, Tasi, xelada da yanwi,samoci sura, Tormeti azarfeSa, TiTqmis yvela azarfeSa vercxlisaiyo. surebi an sada oqrosi iyo an mominanqrebuli oqrosi. Tasebida xeladebi zogi oqroTi iyo daferili, zogic kidev oqroTivemoxatuli. zogs Zvirfasi qvebi da vercxlis moWediloba amSvenebda.yanwebic Zvirfasi Tasebis msgavsad iyo mozarniSebuli.`stumari RvTisaao~, – ase miaCnda qarTvel kacs da mas RvTisaganmovlenil moyvasad aRiqvamda. amitomac cdilobda, yovelive saukeTesomieZRvna misTvis _ daego tabla keTili, mierTmia saukeTesoRvino da yovelive, rac ki ebada; moelxina igi, emRera, gaexalisebina,siyvaruliTa da optimizmiT aRevso, edRegZelebina misTvissamSoblo, ojaxi, samoyvro da sanaTesao, samezoblo da samegobro,moegonebina winaprebi, am cxovrebidan wasuli adamianebi, daelocaojaxi, Tanamecxedre, Svilebi, SviliSvilebi, SvilTaSvilisSvilebida Tavadac gaexara stumrobis madliT.gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Rvino qarTuli sufrisumniSvnelovanesi da umTavresi elementia. gansakuTrebiT undaSevCerdeT kaxur Rvinoze, romelic marTlacda mSvenebaa qarTulisufrisa da TvalisCinia qarTuli meRvineobisa. kaxuri Rvino didadmoswondaT yvelgan da yovel droSi. am Rvinos uxvad gamoiyenebdairanis Sahis kari, didi raodenobiT gahqondaT kaxuri Rvino ruseTisimperiaSi.raoden uxvadac ar unda yofiliyo gawyobili qarTuli sufra,Tuki Rvino SedarebiT mdare an uvargisi iyo, qarTveli kaci aseTsufraze ver ilxenda. qarTveli kaci yovelTvis momTxovni iyo Rvinisxarisxisadmi, amitomac cdilobda, sastumro Rvino yovelTvisgamorCeuli daeyenebina. es mas pirovnuli da ojaxuri Rirsebissaqmed miaCnda.saocari Tviseba axasiaTebs qarTul, kerZod ki, kaxur TeTrmSral Rvinos. am RviniT adamiani kargad ilxens, xarobs, laRobs,sxvasac alxens da amxiarulebs, simRerasa da cekva-TamaSSi kargadsvams da kargad inelebs. ai, rogor Seafasa kaxuri Rvino aleqsandrediumam (mamam) 1859 wels TbilisSi Jurnal `ciskris~ radaqcia-Si gamarTuli purobidan miRebuli STabeWdilebis Semdeg: `RmerTma...qarTvel msmelebs kaxuri Rvino misca, ese igi is saucxoo Rvino,romelic ar aTrobs, anu ufro sworad, TavSi ar uvardeba msmels~. 11imasac aRvniSnavT, rom aleqsandre diumas nadimze uxvad Seusvams11al. diuma, `kavkasia~, `merani~, Tbilisi, 1970. gv. 342.

116 Teimuraz Rlontikaxuri Rvino.mainc saidan modis es andamati kaxuri Rvinisa? qarTul RvinosyovelTvis WaWaze ayenebdnen. kaxuri Rvino ki gamorCeulia imiT,rom is duRdeba da vargdeba srul WaWaze gazafxulamde, amdenad,iRebs yovelive saukeTesos yurZnis mtevnisagan da gamoirCeva maRalibioenergetikuli, dieturi da samkurnalo TvisebebiT. rocaRvinis moxmarebis esTetikur mxareze vlaparakobT, ar SeiZleba, argavixsenoT tradiciuli qarTuli sasmisebi. qarTveli kaci dReniadageZiebda natifsa da daxvewil formebs saRvine WurWlisas. amiTigi did yuradRebas aqcevda Rvinis moxmarebis garegnul mxaresac.rac uTuod silamazesa da momxiblvelobas aniWebda sufras. samwuxaroa,rom dResdReobiT bevri qarTuli tradiciuli sasmisimxolod samuzeumo eqsponatad qceula da qarTul sufraze maTTvisadgili veRar mogvinaxavs. esenia Tixis, rqis, xis, spilenZis,vercxlisa da oqros sawde sasmisebi: WinWila, Tasi, fiala, kaTxa,koCxo, feSxumi, sirCa, Cxuti, sarioSi, Carqa, tarkoSi, mowame, kula,modkoSi, xiwili, yaryara, xakana, marani da sxv.nairferi da daxvewili sxvadasxva formis WurWeli TanameinaxeTaTvals xiblavda da maTSi esTetikur SegrZnebebs aRZravda. argadavaWarbebT, Tu vityviT, rom natifi gemovnebiT nakeTebi sasmisida masSi moTavsebuli kamkama Rvino formisa da Sinaarsis erTgvariharmoniuli Serwyma iyo.saqveynodaa aRiarebuli qarTuli tradiciuli sufris dauwereliwesebi da kanonebi. Rvinis smisa da molxenis, ufros-umcrosobisaTu magidis wevrTa, TanameinaxeTa Tanasworuflebianobisdaxvewili niuansebi, am unikaluri movlenis gvirgvini ki sufriswinamZRvari _ Tamada gaxlavT. sityva `Tamada~ ar gvxvdeba arcsulxan-sabas (XVII-XVIII ss), arc niko CubinaSvilis (XIX saukunis30-iani wlebi) leqsikonSi. es sityva ara aqvs moxseniebuli daviTCubinaSvils arcerT `rusul-qarTul leqsikonSi~ (1846, 1886da 1901 ww.). amdenad, gasagebia, rom `Tamadoba~ ar aris aRniSnulivladimer dalis `cocxali velikorusuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~(1882 w.).pirvelad sityva `Tamadoba~ gvxvdeba daviT CubinaSvilis miersankt-peterburgSi 1887 wels gamocemul `qarTul-rusul leqsikonSi~.es faqti miuTiTebs imaze, rom am periodisaTvis sityva `Tamada~ar iyo damkvidrebuli rusul saliteraturo enaSi.`rusuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ sityva Tamada pirveladganmartes b. volinma da d. uSakovma 1940 wels (is aRniSnulia rogorcqarTuli enidan rusul enaSi Sesuli sityva). amave dros unda

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni117aRvniSnoT, rom arabul, Turqulsa da sparsul enebSi sityva `Tamada~ar Cans.daviT CubinaSvili `Tamadobas~ ganmartavs, rogorc `Tumajobas~,`TumaCianobas~, ufrosobas, an Tavobas, magaliTad, Rvinis sma-Si. Cven ar SevCerdebiT imaze, Tu ra gziT SeiZleboda `Tumajoba~`Tamadobad~ qceuliyo, magram xazs gavusvamT erT udavo faqts: `Tamadoba~qarTul samyaroSi dabadebuli sityvaa da igi uTargmneladaris Sesuli Cveni mezobeli xalxebis enebSi.ioseb kvicianis cnobiT, svaneTSi mowinave mTibavs `TamaTas~ uwodebdnen.12 n. bregaZis monacemebiT raWa-leCxumSi mowinave, saukeTesomemindvre muSas dRis bolos, vaxSamze, sufris winamZRoloba dasaklavis Tavi ekuTvnoda. 13 cnobilia agreTve is, rom raWaSi pirvelmomkels Tabagarad ixseniebdnen. rogorc vxedavT, saukeTeso muSaszog kuTxeSi Tabagari, zog kuTxeSi ki `TamaTa~ erqva.zemoT motanili metad saintereso monacemebis Semdeg eWvs aRarunda iwvevdes sityva `Tamadis~ interpretaciis es SesaZlo varianti.am sami sityvis _ `Tamadis~, `TamaTasa~ da `Tabagaris~ ur-TierTmsgavsi funqciuri datvirTva, Sinaarsobrivi gaazreba didialbaTobiT migvaniSnebs imaze, rom sityva `Tamada~ `TamaTas~ da`Tabagaris~ identuri sityva unda iyos. metad sainteresoa CvensdRevandelobaSi SemorCenili Cveuleba TamadisaTvis Semwvari goWisTavis mirTmevisa, msgavsad raWuli Cveulebisa.yovelive zemoTqmuli kidev erTxel gviZlierebs im azrs, romsityva `Tamada~ qarTul wiaRSia warmoSobili. ra sadRegrZeloebi ismeboda tradiciulad qarTul sufraze darogoria dRevandeli qarTuli sufris Tadarigi? akaki wereTeligvidasturebs, rom qarTvel mefeebs hqondaT Cveuleba, mSvidobianobisJams saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis warmomadgenlebTan erTaddidi lxini gadaexadaT, sadac qarTvelebi `ilxendnen da gahkiodnenerTxmad mravalJamiersa~. 14 poeti aseve gvidasturebs imas, Tu raodenzneobriv-eTikuri iyo qarTvelTa lxini: qarTvelebma `mTvralobada sadRegrZelo saTiToo ar icodnen, Cveni lxini rom enaxaT,sircxviliTac daiwodnen~.ratom unda damwvariyvnen sircxvilisagan Cveni winaprebi `sa-TiToo sadRegrZelos~ mosmenisas? Tavmdabluri buneba qarTveli12gulnara sturua, `Cveni sufra qarTuli~, Tbilisi, 2006.13n. bregaZe, mTis miwaTmoqmedeba dasavleT saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 1969.14ak. wereTeli, `Tornike erisTavi~.

118 Teimuraz Rlontikacisa ar moiazrebda Rvawlisa da damsaxurebis gandidebasa da gafetiSebas.keTili da saqveyno, saero saqmeni TavmodrekilobiTa dasimdabliT sruldeboda. amdenad, warsulSi miuRebeli unda yofiliyosufrasTan erTmaneTis qeba-dideba, `Tumca maTSi meti iyo,saqebi da sasaxelo~.rogorc ukve aRvniSnavdiT, pirovnuli sadRegrZeloebi ar iyoqarTuli istoriuli tradicia. pirovnuli sadRegrZeloebis sufrazewarmoTqmis wesi SedarebiT gvian iRebs saTaves da sabWourepoqaSi mkvidrdeba, sufris tradiciuli wesiT warmarTvis ignorirebisfonze. iyo dro, roca yovelive erovnuli, tradiciuligamovlineba samarcxvinod da CamorCenilobad iTvleboda.sasiamovnod unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom e.w. `fundamenturisadRegrZeloebi~, romlebic ucvlelad iyo SenarCunebuli saukuneTamanZilze, dResac SenarCunebulia, esaa xerxemali qarTulisufrisa. esenia: uflis sadidebeli, mSvidobis, nefe-patarZlis,kaTalikos-patriarqis da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis,xelisuflebis (magaliTad, guriaSi), adre ki `mefe-dedoflis~sadRegrZelo ismedoba, samSoblos, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuligmirebis, winaprebis, megobrobis, dedmamiSvilebis, siyvarulis, momavaliTaobis (Svilebi, SviliSvilebi, SviliSvilisSvilebi), sanaTesao-samoyvrosi,ritualis mizezisa (qorwineba, dReoba, Zeoba, religiuridResaswauli da sxv.), sufris gasrulebis win tradiciuladismeboda da ismeba Tamadis sadRegrZelo, xolo sufra gasruldebayovladwminda RmrTismSoblis sadidebeli sadRegrZeloTi.metad sainteresoa grigol orbelianis poema `sadRegrZelo~--Si 15 aRwerili sadRegrZeloebi, romlebic unda miviCnioT im sadRegrZeloTanawilad, romlebsac warmoTqvamdnen Cveni winaprebi tradiciulad.es sadRegrZeloebia: daRupuli meomrebis, winaprebis,xelmwifis (warsulSi _ qarTvel mefe-dedofalTa), mamulis, megobrobis,siyvarulisa da momavali gamarjvebisa, _ sul Svidi sadRegrZelo.magram ras unda niSnavdes poemis dasawyisSi motanili sityvebi:`Zmano, morigis savse fialiT, Cvenca movusxdeT cecxlsaanTebuls...~ es xom niSnavs imas, rom lxinisas morigi fialis winsxva sadRegrZeloebic warmouTqvamT meomrebs? ar unda dagvaviwydes,rom grigol orbelianis mier aRwerili lxini meomarTa lxinia.saqorwino lxins albaT cota sxva JReradobiT warmarTavdapoeti, aq warmoTqmuli sadRegrZeloebi qorwinebis, Zeobis, sxvasaritualo sufrebzec warmoiTqmeboda. unda vifiqroT, rom zemoaRniSnulsadRegrZeloebs konkretuli sufris Sinaarsis da miz-15 gr. orbeliani, `sadRegrZelo, anu omis Semdgom Rame lxini erevnis siaxloves”.

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni119andasaxulobis Sesaferisi sadRegrZeloebi daemateboda, magali-Tad, nefe-dedoflis, Zeobis, religiuri Tu saero dResaswaulebismiZRvniTi sadRegrZeloebi, sanaTesao-samoyvro-samezoblos sadRegrZeloebi.qarTuli tradiciuli sufris mimdinareoba, `nadimsa Sina winamZRvris~,anu Tamadis mier warmoTqmuli sadRegrZeloebis Tadarigi,azriTa da gamoxatvis formiT saRmrTo liturgiis umTavresiaspeqtebidan sazrdoobs da formirdeba.SevexebiT ramdenime mniSvnelovan moments saRmrTo liturgiidan.saRmrTo liturgia RmrTis sadidebeli locvebiT iwyeba, qarTul sufrazecxom pirveli sadRegrZelo uflis sadidebelia. am sadRegrZelossufraze mSvidobis sadRegrZelo mohyveba. gavixsenoT kvereqsebi_ mokle locvaTa wyeba, romelsac wirvisas diakoni warmoTqvams.didi da mcire kvereqsebi iwodeba `mSvidobian~ kvereqsebad, radganTiToeuli maTgani iwyeba mowodebiT: `mSvidobiT uflisa mimarT vilocoT~.mniSvnelovani momentia wirvisas micvalebulTa moxseniebada locva maTi sulebis codvaTa mitevebisa da naTelSi myofobisaTvis.gardacvlil axlobel adamianTa mogoneba xom qarTulisufris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia. saRmrTo liturgiisas asevemoixsenebian da dailocebian cocxlebi, mrevlis wevrebi da maTi axloblebi,kaTalikos-patriarqi, mitropolitni, mTavarepiskoposnida episkoposni, yovelni samRvdeloni. aseve ismis qarTul sufrazesruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis, mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposis,biWvinTisa da cxum-afxazeTis mitropolitis, uwmindesisada unetaresis, didi meufis ilia II, patiosan mRvdelTa dasaqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sadRegrZelo.`viyuarebodeT urTierTars, raTa erTobiT aRviarebdeT mamasada Zesa da wmindasa sulsa, erTarsebasa da ganuyofelsa~, _ ismissakurTxevlidan wminda mowodeba. qarTul sufraze xom dResac ismebasiyvarulis sadRegrZelo, rac uZvelesi tradiciaa. gavixsenoTgrigol orbelianis poema `sadRegrZeloSi~ warmoTqmuli siyvarulissadRegrZelo! siyvaruli xom Tavad RmerTia da swored amRvTiuri siyvaruliT aris gaJRenTili TiToeuli sadRegrZelo da,saerTod, Tavad sufra.kaxeli kaci ityvis: `modi, puri gavtexoTo~, rac nadims, `pur--Rvinobas~, serobas, lxinis trapezs niSnavs. puris gatexvis wes--Cveuleba Rrmad qristianuli movlenaa: `miiReT da WameT, ese arsxorci Cemi TquenTvis da mravalTaTvis gantexili misatevebeladcodvaTa~, da Semdeg: `suT amisgan yovelTa, ese ars sisxli CemiTqvenTvis da mravalTaTvis daTxeuli misatevebelad codvaTa~, eu-

120 Teimuraz Rlontibneba macxovari mociqulebs da amiT saTaves udebs evqaristiulisaidumlos aRsrulebas: qristes xorcad da sisxlad gardaqmnilipuri da Rvino kacTaTvis sulisa da xorcis sakurneblad iqceva.puris gatexvis wesi uflisadmi Tayvaniscemisa da siyvarulis niSnadunda miviCnioT. roca qarTveli kaci puris gatexviT iwyebs trapezs,es imas moaswavebs, rom sufra misTvis wminda da amaRlebuliritualia.qarTveli kacisaTvis sadRegrZelo im amaRlebuli, wmida da wrfelidamokidebulebis gamomxatveli iyo mis mimarT, visac adRegrZelebdnenRviniT _ RvTiuri siTxiT – RvTiuri madlis misaRebad. amis dasturiaerT gurul xalxur simReraSi gamoTqmuli ganwyoba: `CxavrisRviniT gadRegrZeleb, madli Segewevao~ (`Cemo naTlidedao~).ra madli unda igulisxmebodes guruli simReris sityvebSi? TumTlianobaSi gaviazrebT simReris zemoaRniSnul sityvebs, SevamCnevTramdenime saintereso aspeqts, kerZod, stumari naTlidedas sTxovsCxaveris, rogorc saukeTeso guruli vazis jiSis Rvinos, romliTacdalocavs naTlidedas da romelsac dRegrZelobasTan erTad madlicmiecema. radgan Rvino RvTiuri siTxea, igi RvTiuri madliTaa aRbeWdili,da swored es RvTiuri madli miecema naTlidedas naTliisdalocviTa da dRegrZelobiT, sadRegrZelo xom igive dalocvaa.qarTuli sufra rom qristianuli dvritiTaa naqargi, amaze kargadmetyvelebs unikaluri wesi: sufris dawyeba RvTis sadidebelisityvebiT da damTavreba RvTismSoblisadmi aRvlenili locviT. eswesi mTels mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis mimdevar qristian erTagan mxolodqarTvelTa Sorisaa gavrcelebuli.qarTuli sufris kidev erT saintereso niuanss unda gavusvaTxazi. cnobilia, rom qarTveli sadRegrZelos fexze adgomiT svams,amasTanave, tradiciulad fexze dgeba is, visac adRegrZeleben. xomar mogvagonebs es movlena marTlmadideblur wess mlocvelTafexze dgomisa?qarTvelis kidev erTi Cveulebis Sesaxeb: qarTveli kaci Rvinosarasodes ar Sesvams sadRegrZelos warmoTqmis, anu dalocvis gareSe.sufroba, nadimi, lxini qarTvelTaTvis mniSvnelovani yofiT--zneobrivi rituali iyo rogorc warmarTul, ise qristianulepoqebSi. ara erTi literaturuli wyaros moSvelieba SeiZlebaimis naTelsayofad, Tu rogor ilxendnen da nadimobdnen qarTvelebiZvelad.`qarTlis cxovreba~ (t. IV):`tablasa zeda sWamdian da nadimobdnen ... smidian Rvinosa ...~ (gv. 24);`lxinTa lxinoba da WirTa Wiroba ...~ (iqve);

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni121`nadimobdnen mefeTa Tana da urTierTana....~ (iqve);`umetesi didi iyo dResaswauli armazisa da Semdgomad Tayvaniscemisahyvian nadimni da gancxromani didiTa WamiTa da RvinissmiTa.....~ (iqve);XI-XII saukuneebis mijna _ `amiran darejaniani~:`...gardaxda puroba......dedofalma moaxsena: Tquen yrmani xarTda RmerTma aTas wel cocxlen mefoba Tqveni...~ (gv. 88);`... puri vWameT da Rvino vsviT, merme aavso Wiqa erTman, ze adgada egre Tqva: adiden RmerTman sefedavle igi darispanisZe....~ (gv.105);`.... da Rvinos smides mravalgan da yvelani sefedavles mzesa ficevdesda locvides...~ (gv. 105);`kvla aasvo Wiqa da me momca da egre miTxra: `daloce Senca sefedavledarispanisZe da maSin Sesvio ....~ (gv. 206).XII saukune _ `vefxistyaosani~:`Seiqmna sma da puroba, msgavsi maTisa Zalisa, sxva gaxareba ase-Ti ars unaxavi Tvalisa, jami da Wiqa-yvelai, ferozisa da lalisa,arvisi brZana mefeman, arca gaSveba mTvralisa” (476);`kvlaca dajda mxiaruli, moimata sma da mRera, kvla gagrZeldanadimoba barbiTi da CangTa Jrera~ (482);`sma, puroba, gaxareba qmnes, jalabi gaadides, viTarca qorwilobaxams, egeTsa gardixdides~;dedofali tarielisa da nestan-darejanis qorwilze ase mimar-Tavs meqorwileT: `uloceTa dRegrZeloba, ese RmerTsa SevedreniT~. mainc ra momajadoebeli Zalaa iseT ritualSi, romelsac qar-Tuli lxini hqvia? ra aris qarTuli lxini tradiciuli gagebiT?upirvelesad, amaRlebuli kategoriis ubrwyinvalesi nimuSi, amqveyniericxovrebis silamazis WeSmariti gamovlineba ufaqizesi harmoniiTada eqspresiiT, dinamiurobiTa da aRmafreniT. cxovrebiseulisibrZniTa da sidinjiT; imavdroulad, zRvardaudebeli, usamanoda ujebiro poeturi sulis aRtaceba, sulierisa da xorcielisganspetakebuli mTlianoba; udidesi zeciuri da miwieri siyvarulisadmiziareba; purisa da Rvinis, rogorc RmrTisagan boZebuliudidesi sikeTis gancda-gacnobiereba.qarTuli lxini Tavisi arsiT maRalzneobrivi, fsiqologiurimuxtis matarebelia, amave dros igi warmoadgens fizikurad dasulierad janmrTeli adamianebis Tavyrilobas, sadac TanameinaxeniTavad arian lxinis _ am didi sanaxaobis, didi Tavyrilobis

122 Teimuraz RlontiSemqmnelni da aqtiuri monawileni.is, rom lxini, puroba, nadimis rituali qarTveli kacis cnobierisamyaros ganuyofeli da ganmapirobebeli ram iyo dReniadag, amascxadad gvidasturebs SoTa rusTaveli tarielis sityvebiT: `Sevidi,Sevqmni nadimi niadag lxinsa Cveulman~. nadimis Seqmna moiazrebs yovelives,rac ki nadims qmnis da ayalibebs, rogorc mravalaspeqtianSemoqmedebiT process. striqonis pirveli nawili swored misi SemoqmedebiTibunebis gamomxatvelia. mas ZaluZs Seqmnas nadimi. TavadSoTa rusTaveli xom `qmnas~ ganixilavs rogorc SemoqmedebiTprocess: `romelman Seqmna samyaro~. amdenad, nadimis Seqmnac SemoqmedebiTiqmnadobis Sedegia. striqonis meore nawili ki: `niadaglxinsa Cveulman~ pirdapir migvaniSnebs imas, rom dRidan gaCenisaqarTveli kacisaTvis lxini, gaxareba misi xasiaTis ganuyofeli daTanamdevi Tviseba iyo.sulxan-saba orbeliani gangvimartavs: `lxini _ sixaruliTgaxareba~. ra sixarulzea miniSneba? ra sixaruliT vxarobT Cvenlxinis Tanaziarni? ras niSnavs Tavad `sixaruliT gaxareba~? logikuridaskvniT, lxini aris imgvari TavSeyra adamianebisa, romlebiceswrafvian urTierTTan Sexvedras, rac aniWebs maT sixaruls,sixaruls kvlav erTmaneTis xilvisa, moferebisa, mosiyvarulebisa,yovedRiuri cxovrebiseuli Wir-borotis droebiT daviwyebisa, ur-TierTis gamxnevebisa, dRegrZeloba-dalocvisa. 16`Rvino axarebs gulsa kacisasa, sacxebeliTa mxiarul-yofadpiri da puri gulsa kacisasa ganamtkicebs~ (fs. 103,15).amdenad, Rvino adamianTa guneba-ganwyobis amaRlebas uwyobsxels da erTad yofnisa da Tavis Seqcevis survils uZlierebs, amaRlebuliganwyoba leqsisa da simReris warmoTqmis, moWarbebulienergia ki moZraobis, anu cekva-TamaSis survils badebs, TandaTanobiTyalibdeba Cveva da Semdeg garkveuli wesi purobisa da safuZvelieyreba tradiciuli ritualis Camoyalibebas.ai, rogor gvixasiaTebs iakob mansvetaSvili qarTveli glexkacislxins iliaobis dResaswaulze saguramoSi: 17 `ager cota mo-SorebiT gugunebs mZlavri, Ronieri, Sewyobili simRera glexebisa.amaTac kargad gadaukravT, yanwebi Tumca ara aqvT, magram jamebs kimadianad acarialeben. miyvars amaTi Sveba-lxena. pataraobiTganvevar amas SeCveuli, sofelSi bevrjel vyofilvar amis mnaxveli. glexiTu lxinobs, lxinobs srulis guliTa da suliTa, Tu mxiarulobs_ mTeli misi arseba xarobs, Tu TamaSobs, mReris, hgrZnob,16sulxan-saba orbeliani, `sityvis kona”.17i. mansvetaSvili, mogonebani, 2006.

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni123rom yvela ZarRvi, yvela aso sxeulisa umReris, uTamaSebs. am drosis yvelafers iviwyebs, mxolod Tavis grZnobas emorCileba, sxvafiqrs Tavidgan icilebs, Rvinosac advilad itans. iqneba es janissiRones, simrTeles unda mieweros? SesaZlebelia, magram isic kiunda iTqvas, rom glexs lxinSi, qeifSi moZraoba uyvars: mReris,TamaSobs, cangalas Camouvlis, ferxuls gaabams, Widaobas gahmar-Tavs, da amasobaSi yvelas advilad itans, saWmelsac kargad irgebsda sasmelsac~.qarTuli xasiaTis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebis _ sila-Ris CamoyalibebaSi xom ar unda hqondes gadamwyveti mniSvnelobavazis kulturas da masTan uSualod dakavSirebul qarTuli lxinisfenomens? gulRiaoba da sixaruli RvinosTan, sufris ritualTandakavSirebuli da maTgan uSualod momdinare zneobriv-esTetikurimaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebia. aris Tu ara laRi adamiani, romelsacSeuZlia gaixaros lxinisgan miRebuli sixaruliT?qarTul yofiT samyaroSi lxini Camoyalibda, rogorc sulier--zneobrivi amaRlebis, moyvasisadmi siyvarulis, erTianobisakenswrafvis gamoxatuleba. vfiqrobT, rom qarTveli kacis stumarTmoyvrulibunebis, misi xasiaTis CamoyalibebaSi vazisa da Rviniskulturas ganmsazRvreli roli eniWeba.ai, rogor gvixasiaTebs wminda ilia marTali (WavWavaZe) venaxismniSvnelobas qarTveli miwaTmoqmedis yofa-cxovrebisa da msoflmxedvelobisCamoyalibebaSi: `venaxi xom erTis dRisa da wlissaqme ar aris, igia nayofi didis xnis jafisa da Sromisa, igia Tavni,nelnela mogrovili mama-papis oflis Rvrisa da TiTqmis utyviistoriaa mTelis ojaxis ekonomiur yofa-cxovrebisa da naSrom--naRvawisa. aqauri glexkaci Sehxaris venaxs jer rogorc TavisTavadZvirad Rirebuls qonebas da mere rogorc mama-papis naSrom-naRvawissaxsovars da naSTsa. es qonebrivi da zneobrivi Rirseba venaxisa,erTad SeerTebuli, ueWvelia kargad unda zemoqmedebdes aqaurglexkacobis avkargianobaze, misis xorcisa da sulis moZraobaze~. 18Tamamad SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom ar gveguleba sxva ufro lakoniurad,Rrmaazrovnad da yovlismomcvelad daxasiaTebuli saxismetyvelebaqarTveli mevenaxe miwaTmoqmedisa. mainc rogoria mevenaxeoba-meRvineobiszegavlena `aqauri glexkacobis avkargianobaze,misis sulis da xorcis moZraobaze?~ ra niSniT xasiaTdeba qarTvelimevenaxe-glexkacis `sulisa da xorcis~ moZraoba?`sulisa da xorcis moZraobis~ upirvelesi cnobieri da gamomxatveliniSani aris stumarTmoyvruli buneba qarTveli kacisa.18i. WavWavaZe, Txz. t. VI, 1956. gv. 203.

124 Teimuraz RlontistumarTmoyvareobis adaTi xom arsobrivad `pur-Rvinis~, trapezisgarSemo gvirgvindeba, trapezi ki warmoadgens RmrTisagan boZebulimadlis ganawilebas stumarTa mimarT da am ritualiT miRebuliamaRlebuli ganwyobilebis Seqmnas, rac TviT am madlis gamcemsumravlebs RvTiur madls. venaxi, Rvino, puri da stumaric xom Rmr-Tisagan movlenili sikeTeni da didi madlia. tradiciul qarTulsufras TandaTan SemoeZarcva brwyinvale Sesamoseli da erTgvaradgaxunda, magram dRes qarTuli sufra TandaTanobiT aRidgens Cveulqristianul iersaxes _ Sinaarsobrivadac da formiTac.qarTveli kacisaTvis beRelSi puri da qvevrSi Rvino ZiriTadisarCo-sabadebeli iyo, rac misi Rirsebisa da kacur-kacobis niSaniciyo:`arc aravis yma vyofilvar,arc aravin ymad myolia,Zveli puri, Zveli RvinowliT-wlobamde gamyolia~.kargad gvixsnis pur-Rviniani kacis xasiaTs erTi xalxuri leqsic:`wuwk kacze pur-Rvinianiasi gafreniT metia~.am xalxur leqsSi ori mTavari aspeqti moiazreba: 1. logikuriavifiqroT, rom wuwk adamians ar axasiaTebs is Tvisebebi, racniSneulia pur-Rviniani adamianisaTvis _ stumarTmoyvareoba, xelgaSliloba,gulgaSliloba, moyvasis siyvaruli, silaRe, RvTiurmadlTan ziareba. 2. pur-Rviniani kaci `asi gafreniT~ meti yofilawuwk kacTan SedarebiT. `asi gafreniT metobaSi~ Rrma simboluriminiSneba unda moiazrebodes: amgvari xatovani gamoTqma migvaniSnebs`pur-Rviniani~ kacis amaRlebulobaze, romelic zecisaken,anu uflisken mimswrafia. sityva `asi~ mTqmels Seudarebeli upiratesobisgamosaxatavad aqvs gamoyenebuli. eWvgareSea, rom `pur--Rviniani~ kacis cneba qristianuli cnobierebis erTi naTeli gamonasxivia.am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania qarTul yofiT samyaroSiSemorCenili saaxalwlo dalocva: `Tqveni kodebi yofila savsewminda fqviliTa, Tqveni qvevrebi yofila savse wiTeli RviniTa~.`pur-Rvinianoba~ adamianis fsiqologiuri portretis erTgvaradganmsazRvreli fenomeni gaxlavT. ras gulisxmoben, roca adamianzeityvian: `pur-Rviniani~ kaciao! _ imas, rom es kaci purism-Wameli, anu bevris mWameli da bevris msmeli iyo? _ aramc da aramc!_ maS, ra aris arsebiTi terminSi `pur-Rviniani~?`pur-Rvino~ niSnavs: 1. saWmel-sasmels; 2. Wirisa da lxinis sufras,purobas; 3. pursa da Rvinos _ uzenaesis mier adamianisadmi

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni125naboZeb umTavres sakveb produqtebs, `Wamads sicocxlisa~ da `sasumelssicocxlisa~.rogoria `pur-Rviniani~ adamiani? _ 1. pur-Rvinis (puris Wamis,qeifis) damfasebeli, mestumre xalisiani da momlxeni; stumarTmoyvare,xelgaSlili da gulgaSlili adamiani. 2. RvTiuri madliTcxebuli, Rvinis madlTan naziarebi, znesruli, suliT maRali.rogorc vxedavT, `pur-Rvino~ qarTul yofierebasa da cnobierebaSiRrmad damkvidrebuli terminia. maS, ratom vambobT dRes `pur--marils~ nacvlad `pur-Rvinisa~? rogorc Cans, es termini qarTulsinamdvileSi rusuli samyarodan Semovida, radgan `pur-marili~pirdapiri Targmania rusuli `Хлеб-соль~-isa.wmida mamaTa ganmartebiT, `marils~ wmida saxarebaSi Rrma simbolurimniSvneloba aqvs da uwinaresad gamomxatvelia suliwmidismadlisa, romelic sulTmofenobis Jams gardamovida wmindamociqulebze da, amdenad, qristes eklesia dafuZnda. sulTmofenobamdeiesu qriste mociqulebs eubneba: `Tquen xarT marili queyanisaÁ,ukeTu marili igi ganqardes, raÁTa-me daimarilos? arRaraSemZlebel arn merme, aramed gangdebad gare da daTrgunvad kacTamier~ (mT. 5, 13). _ ufals `marilis~ konkretuli mniSvneloba aqvsmxedvelobaSi: igi mociqulebs, da ukve Semdgom _ mRvdelmsaxurT,im uzenaes saeklesio msaxurebaze mianiSnebs, romlis meoxebiTacmrevli RvTis sityvas eziareba, rwmenaSi Zlierdeba da iseve gadaur-Ceba gaxrwnas, warwymedas, viTarca keTilad Semarilebuli xorci.rogorc Cans, purobis saxeldebis rusulenovani (Zvelslavuri)`Хлеб-соль~, anu `pur-marili~ or qristianul saeklesio-saRvTismetyveloxat-simboloze SeCerda: `purze~, romelic jvarcmuliqristes xorcis simboloa, da `marilze~, romliTac eklesiismsaxurTa RvTivmoniWebuli misia gamoixateba. ase rom, rusuli`pur-marili~, mTlianobaSi, eklesiis, anu qristes sxeulis SinaarsisSemcveli saxelia.purobis qarTul tradiciul saxels _ `pur-Rvino~ aseve sagangebosaRmrTismetyvelo datvirTva aqvs da gamomxatvelia qristesxorcisa da sisxlisa, anu eklesiis Svid saidumloTagan umniSvnelovanesisa_ ziarebis wmida saidumlosi. Tavad ufali brZanebs:`romeli Wamdes Ãorcsa Cemsa da sumides sisxlsa Cemsa,.. igi CemTana dadgromil ars... aqundes cxorebaÁ saukunoÁ~ (in. 6; 54, 56).ase rom, qristiani qarTvelis cnobierebaSi saxeli `pur-Rvino”uSualod ukavSirdeba qristesmieri cxonebis saidumlos _ im WeSmaritgzas, romelsac saukuno sicocxlisaken mivyavarT.eqvTime TayaiSviliseuli mogoneba erTxel kidev gvidasturebs,

126 Teimuraz Rlontirom `pur-Rvino~ (da ara `pur-marili~) qarTul samyaroSi warmo-Sobili terminia. `gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebis bolos yofilikavSirgabmulobis saministros SenobaSi (rusTavelis prospeqtze,T.R.) moTavsebuli iyo e.w. sastumro _ `muxranskis~ nomrebi. is sastumrolamazi iyo, misi qveda sarTuli ekava maSin cnobil restoran_ `pur-Rvino~-s, romelic lixaurel sandro ToiZes ekuTvnoda, iqumTavresad inteligentebi dadiodnen, or kacze mxolod erTi kvartiRvinis moTxovna iyo miRebuli da saqmiani saubari. vigindara aqver movidoda~.eqvTime TayaiSvilis mogoneba metad mniSvnelovani da sayurad-Reboa. upirveles yovlisa, restoranSi amgvari tradiciis arsebobamigvaniSnebs imJamindeli sazogadoebis daxvewil yofiT kulturaze,Segvaxsenebs, rom sufra mxolod saqeifo da TavSesaqcevi saSualebaar iyo, aramed ganmartoebuli saubris saSualebac da adgilic. aqyuradRebas iqcevs Rvinis normirebuli moxmarebis wesi. kvartianiboTli daaxloebiT 1,200 litri moculobisa iyo da hqonda, dRevandelitermini rom vixmaroT, Zalian lamazi dizaini. metad niSneuliais, rom am restoranSi ZiriTadad inteligentebi dadiodnen,vigindara ver gabedavda iq Sesvlas. amasTanave, mravlismetyveliais garemoeba, rom amgvari Sinaarsisa da daniSnulebis restorans`pur-Rvino~ erqva, yovelive es metyvelebs termin _ `pur-Rvinis~tradiciul-simbolur Sinaarsze, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris amgvariadgilis arseboba ki imJamindeli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis daxvewilietiketis arsebobas adasturebs. qarTuli sufra, salxino Tu Talxi, qarTvelobasTan erTad yovelTvisiarsebebs, rameTu vazi da Rvino Cveni yofierebisa da cnobierebisuSreti wyaroa. marTalia, droisa da garemomcveli samyaroscvalebadoba met-naklebad axdens zegavlenas tradiciulwes-Cveulebebze, kerZod, tradiciuli qarTuli sufris ritualzec,magram verasodes moiSleba iseTi arsebiTi niSan-Tvisebebi,rogoricaa stumrobis sixaruli, erTad miReba pur-Rvinis madlisa;ra moSlis qorwils, Zeobas, dResaswaulebs _ religiursa Tusaeros, adamianTa Tanamdevi yovelTvis iqneba aseve Talxi sufra.ase aris da ase iqneba, magram Cven yovelTvis unda gvafiqrebdes is,Tu ramdenad vinarCunebT tradiciul wes-Cveulebebs sufris gawyobisada gaZRolisa, stumris miRebisa da gastumrebisa, amgvari dafiqrebissafuZveli namdvilad gvaqvs dRevandel qarTvelebs.ase gansajeT, saojaxo-saritualo dResaswaulebis aRniSvnam

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni127daqiravebul darbazebSi gadainacvla, es exeba rogorc salxino,ise Talx sufrebs. SviliSvilebis da Svilebis (mozardi Taobis)dabadebis dReebsac daqiravebul gasarTob centrebSi marTaven.ras moaswavebs qarTvelTa amgvari qmedeba, roca stumrebs (naTesavebs,moyvrebs, megobrebs) sakuTari saxlisa Tu binis kars vuketavTda sadRac ucxo kedlebSi vepatiJebiT? albaT dagveTanxmebiT,rom amgvar SemTxvevebSi gafermkrTalebulia stumris miRebis,stumrad misvlis sixaruli. riTi vasiamovnebT am SemTxvevaSi mowveulstumrebs, SekveTili, gamayruebeli simRerebiT, taSfanduriT,Tu gverdiT magidasTan Sekrebili ucxo xalxis Jivil-xiviliTa dayayaniT? xdeba ise, rom Cven CvenTvis sapatio da sayvarel adamianebsmartooden saWmelad da Rvinis dasalevad viwvevT. amgvar garemoSira esteTikuri siamovnebis miRebaze SeiZleba vilaparakoT, rocaCveni stumrebi verc mRerian da verc gverdiT mjoms ver agebinebenverafers gauTavebeli kakafoniisa da gniasis gamo. Tuki tradiciulqarTul sufraze stumari Tavad aqtiuri monawilea purobisa_ sadRegrZelos warmoTqvams da mas usmenen, mReris, cekvavs da gulianadmoilxens, Tanamedrove sufraze igi pasiuria, ufunqcioa,daTrgunulia da ar ZaluZs xmierad gamoxatos Tavisi potenciuriSesaZlebloba mWevrmetyvelebisa, enafrTianobisa, simRera-cekvisaTu iumorisa.ukanasknel aTwleulebSi warmoSobili tendencia qarTuli sufrise.w. `avtonomizaciisa~ ukve wesad Camoyalibda. mravalricxovanistumari nawildeba 8-12 kacian magidebze. am gziT yalibdeba`avtonomiuri magidebi~. amasTanave, magidebis SeerTeba erTian magidad(survilis SemTxvevaSi) kategoriulad ikrZaleba. mimtanTaganmartebiT, es ufrosobis gankargulebiT sruldeba.metad damafiqrebelia is, rom am bolo aTeul wlebSi TiTqmiswaiSala zRvari salxino da Talx sufrebs Soris. Talxi sufraSinaarsiT unda asaxavdes im ganwyobas, ra ganwyobac am ritualismonawileTa Soris sufevs (an unda sufevdes). esaa gulistkivili dasinanuli am cxovrebidan ukanasknel gzaze gacilebuli adamianisgamo. adamianebi mosuli arian imisaTvis, rom pur-RviniT SesandobariuTxran micvalebuls, gaixsenon misi cxovrebis gza, misi damsaxurebebi,nugeSon Wirisuflebi, micvalebuls daulocon danatovrebi.es aris arsi Talxi sufrisa, anu qelexisa.Talxi sufra Sesaferisad mkacrad reglamentirebuli kerZebiTunda gaiwyos. ra xdeba dRes? Talxi sufra iseTi kerZebiT arisgawyobili, rac ufro metad salxino sufras daamSvenebda. miuxedavadimisa, rom sufra saaTsa an saaTnaxevarSi sanaxevrod cari-

128 Teimuraz Rlontieldeba, igi ramdenime saaTs mainc grZeldeba. iwyeben anekdotebis,sasacilo ambebis moyolas, icinian, xmauroben, rac ara martoodeniq myofi Wirisuflebis upativcemulobas, aramed gardacvliliadamianis sulis Sewuxebasac niSnavs.aviRoT lxinis sufrebi _ qorwili, Zeoba, dReoba, dResaswauli.ramdeni sufra ginaxavT iseTi, sadac cekva-TamaSi da simReraara yofila, an Tu yofila, Cveni tradiciuli yofisaTvis ucxo dauCveulo. amgvari sufrebi erTgvarad monotonuri, uSinaarso dadamRlelia, miT ufro, Tuki Tanameinaxeni SekveTili musikiT ir-Toben Tavs. rogor SeiZleba rafinirebuli da ulamazesi qarTulicekvebis patroni umartives da CvenTvis uCveulo mixvra-moxvriscekvebs cekvavdes; anda raRa fasi aqvs im qeifsa da molxenas, rocaerT `mravalJamiers~ mainc ver SemosZaxeb da or-samkaciani damkvrelebisdafa-zurniT yurebgamoWedili adgebi sufridan. kargadaris naTqvami erT mSvenier qarTul simReraSi: `pursa Wamen da Rvinossmen, simReras ar ityviano, ar vici visa hglovoben, ar vici,ar iciano~. diax, Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, qarTul simReras gadaeCviada qarTulad mRera ar ZaluZs qarTvelTa erT nawils _ ucxourimusikis (xSirad mdabali xarisxis) hangebs yurmiCveul qarTvelebs.sabednierod, yovelTvis ase rodi xdeba, Tumca erTi SemTxvevacrom iyos, isic uarsayofi da gamosasworebelia. qarTvelTa TaobebiojaxebSi mRerodnen, ojaxebSi swavlobdnen xalxur simRerebs,romlebic maRal sulier da zneobriv sawyisebs uRvivebdnen dauZlierebdnen axalgazrdebs.araerTi ucxoelis sityvebis citireba SeiZleba qarTuli stumarTmoyvareobis,qarTuli Rvinisa da qarTuli sufris Rirsebebisdasadastureblad. ai, rogor gamoxata Tavisi STabeWdilebasafrangeTis `perno-rikaris” jgufis meRvineobis saerTaSorisoganyofilebis direqtorma robin deim me-20 saukunis 90-iani wlebispirvel naxevarSi: `saqarTveloSi Rvinis damzadebis da stumar--maspinZlobis kultura saucxooa. qarTveli xalxi aCvenebs maRaleTikur standartebs, rac dafuZnebulia Zlieri qristianuli ojaxisgavlenaze~. 19ai, kidev erTi burjTagani qarTuli yofa-cxovrebisa, rac saTanadodSeniSna da daafasa uaRresi obieqturobiT damnaxvelma daSemfasebelma ucxoelma _ qarTuli ojaxi!qarTuli ojaxi gansakuTrebuli, Rrmad gamosakvlevi da gansaxilvelifenomenia! SeuZlebelia misi ganxilva zogadad, zedapirulad,magram vinaidan Cven qarTul sufras SevexeT, SeuZlebelia19 Jurnali `vazi da Rvino~, #1-2, 1996.

qarTuli sufrisa da lxinis fenomeni129ar vaxsenoT qarTuli ojaxi, romelic warmoadgens qvakuTxedsqarTveli eris, saqarTvelos arsebobisa. ra kargad SeumCnevia batonrobin deis _ qarTveli xalxis maRali eTikuri standartebidafuZnebulia Zlieri qristianuli ojaxis gavlenazeo. marTlacda,WeSmaritebaa! Zlieri qarTuli qristianuli ojaxi aris saTavesulier-zneobrivi siwmindisa, siyvarulisa, keTilSobilebisa, mamuliSvilobisa,codnisa, darbaislobisa, patiosnebisa, yovelivesikeTisa!nurasodes daviviwyebT, rom saqarTvelos, qarTveli eris dRegrZelobadamyarebulia Zlieri, qarTulad mosaubre, mravalxmazemomRerali, qarTuli saqmis mkeTebeli ojaxebis simravleze. dae,qarTuli sufra aw da maradis yofiliyos qarTuli ojaxebis ma-Ralzneobrivi kulturis saxe, keTildReobisa da urRvevobis zeimi!