Jurnali #5.indd
Jurnali #5.indd
Jurnali #5.indd
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Tina ivelaSvili<br />
cota ram axalcixis „meCeTis“ Sesaxeb<br />
qalaq axalcixis cixis arqiteqturul kompleqsSi dRemde<br />
SemorCenil istoriul-kulturul Zegls, e. w. „meCeTs“ metad sain<br />
tereso warsuli aqvs.<br />
adreuli xanidanve axalcixis e.w. rabaTis maRalkldovan borcvze<br />
wamomarTul cixis citadelSi samcxe-saaTabagos mflobelTa, aTabagjayelTa<br />
rezidencia iyo ganTavsebuli sacxovrebeli komp leqsiTa da<br />
eklesia-salocaviT.<br />
Cvenda savalalod, XVI saukunidan samxreT saqarTvelo sparseT-<br />
TurqeTis sajildao qvas warmoadgenda, romelic sabolood TurqeTis<br />
xelSi aRmoCnda da erT-erT umaRles administraciul sammarTvelo<br />
erTeulad _ safaSod gadakeTda.<br />
TurqeTis mier samxreT saqarTvelos dapyrobis Semdeg, qalaqi<br />
axalcixe axlad Seqmnili safaSos centrad iqca, sadac faSebad<br />
ZiriTadad garegnulad gamahmadianebuli jayelebis sagvareulos<br />
warmomadgenlebi iyvnen.<br />
XVII saukunis 80-90-iani wlebidan, usuf faSas dros, portas<br />
daJinebuli moTxovniT axalcixis safaSoSi (da, ra Tqma unda,<br />
qalaq axalcixeSic) qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia-monastr<br />
ebis daxurva-Seviwroeba da calkeuli eklesiis muslimanur<br />
salocavad gadakeTeba daiwyo. vaxuSti bagrationis cnobiT: „usuf<br />
faSas mmarTvelobis dros umetes mooxrdebodnen eklesiani da<br />
aRSendebodnen jamni da daiteveboda zneni qarTulni Tvinier enisa,<br />
da gandiddeboda maT Soris mahmad da neStni xatTa da juarTa<br />
Seimusvroda da imyofeboda dedaTa maTTa samkaulad, romelTagan<br />
iqmnebodenca saswaulni mravalni, garna aravin miupyrobda yursa“[1.<br />
732]. miuxedavad amisa, XVII saukunis meore naxevramde axalcixeSi 24<br />
eklesia funqcioriebda, aqedan 4 _ TviT cixeSi [3.62].<br />
XVIII saukunis meore naxevramde axalcixis cixis citadelSi
cota ram axalcixis „meCeTis“ Sesaxeb<br />
55<br />
oficialuri muslimanuri salocavi rom ar arsebobda, es naTlad<br />
Cans Turqi mogzauris evlia Celebis Canawerebidanac, romelmac am<br />
periodSi moinaxula es qalaqi. misi gadmocemiT, im droisaTvis<br />
axalcixeSi jamed wodebuli sami baniani saxli mdgara, romlebsac<br />
ar hqondaT minareTebi. „axalcixeSi arsebul e.w. jameebs Celebi misi<br />
patronebis saxeliT ixseniebs – xalil aRas jame, gunbaT oRlus<br />
jame, rac imas gvafiqrebinebs, rom isini calkeul piligrimTa<br />
salocavi ufro iyo, vidre sazogadod RvTis msaxurebis centrebi“,<br />
samarTlianad SeniSnavs S. lomsaZe [5.450]. Turqi mogzauri gulistkiviliT<br />
xazs usvams im garemoebasac, rom im droisaTvis<br />
„axalcixeSi jer kidev ar iyo Turquli sagangebo saswavlebeli,<br />
hadisebis saxli da yuranis sakiTxavi saxli~[11. 300].<br />
XVIII saukunis Sua wlebidan stambulidan miRebuli miTiTebiT<br />
safaSos imdroindel mmarTvels ahmed faSa jayels cixis citadelSi<br />
arsebuli sagvareulo qristianuli eklesiis adgilze<br />
muslimanuri salocavis – meCeTis ageba daevala. ahmed faSas islami<br />
garegnulad hqonda miRebuli, farulad ki kvlav qristiani iyo.<br />
amis dasturia Tundac is faqti, rom didxans, dapyrobidan TiTqmis<br />
ori saukune, cixis citadelSi idga misi sagvareulos kuTvnili<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesia. taZris meCeTad gadakeTebis Semdeg, misi<br />
ojaxisaTvis yoveldRe farulad tardeboda wirva-locva SemorCenil<br />
karis eklesiaSi. amis naTeli dasturia cixis citadelis SigniT, e.w.<br />
„meCeTis“ CrdiloeTiT, SemorCenili eklesiis naSTebi.<br />
ahmad jayels, rogorc safaSos mmarTvels, ufleba ar hqonda<br />
stambolidan miRebuli miTiTeba ar Seesrulebina, magram man<br />
sakmaod originaluri gadawyvetileba miiRo. Zveli qristianuli<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis saZirkvelze konstantinopolSi arsebuli,<br />
Turqebis mier gadakeTebuli, magram dResac qristianulad<br />
moRaRade aia sofias taZris msgavsi, salocavis ageba ganizraxa. man<br />
specialurad mowveuli italieli arqiteqtoris xelmZRvanelobiT,<br />
1747-1752 wlebSi konstantinopolis sofiis taZris gegmiT, im<br />
droisaTvis mTel aRmosavleTSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani arqiteqturuli<br />
Zegli aRmarTa. d. koJoriZis miTiTebiT: „igi augiaT<br />
sakrebulo taZris adgilze Tlili qviT da gadaxurviT aguris<br />
gumbaTiT~[3. 98]. c. lafaCi Tvlis, rom „meCeTis mSeneblobis periodSive<br />
gaCnda eWvi misi arqiteqturuli stilis Taobaze. Senobis<br />
dasrulebisTanave aRmoaCines, rom igi konstantinopolis aia sofias<br />
stilSi Sesrulebuli nagebobaa, ramac Zalze aRaSfoTa haji ahmed<br />
(axmad) faSas mowinaaRmdegeni, rac Semdgom misi sikvdiliT dasjis
56 Tina ivelaSvili<br />
erT-erTi sababi gaxda“[4. 28].<br />
Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, marTalia, taZris gumbaTze TurqeTis<br />
simbolo – liTonis namgala mTvare iyo aRmarTuli, magram igi mainc<br />
arqiteqturulad da CanafiqriT adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis saZirkvelze agebul mcire zomis<br />
aia sofias ganasaxierebda. aRniSnulma salocavma gansakuTrebuli<br />
yuradReba adridanve miipyro. cota mogvianebiT, XX saukunis<br />
dasawyisSi p. sankovski marTebulad Sen iS navda, rom es taZari evropuli<br />
xuroTmoZRvrebis TvalsaCino nimuSs warmoadgenda[12].<br />
meCeTad gadakeTebuli aia sofias taZari konstantinepolSi.<br />
Cvens xelT arsebuli masalebis mixedviT, taZaris mSeneblobis<br />
periodSi arqiteqtorma SigniT aRmosavleTis mxares qristianuli<br />
salocavis Sesabamisi sakurTxevelic gaakeTa. Zeglis gasrulebis<br />
Semdeg, ahmad faSam RamiT safaris monastris winamZRvari gadmoiyvana<br />
da salocavi farulad akurTxebina. axalcixis faSebi qarTveli<br />
muslimebi, magram faruli qristianebi iyvnen. maT salocavi cixis<br />
citadelSi hqondaT da iq Sesvla yvela mahmadians ar SeeZlo. es<br />
salocavi eklesias ufro hgavda, vidre james. masSi mxolod faSebi<br />
loculobdnen mahmadis wesze, saxlSi ki Cumad, ojaxTan erTad, karis<br />
eklesiaSi qristianul wirva-locvas eswrebodnen.
cota ram axalcixis „meCeTis“ Sesaxeb<br />
57<br />
1828 wels general paskeviCis mxedrobam axalcixe alyaSi moaqcia,<br />
simboluria is, rom general grigol orbelianis artileriis<br />
cecxlma meCeTad gadakeTebuli qarTuli taZari ki ar daaziana, aramed<br />
mxolod mis gumbaTze aRmarTuli Turquli simbolo – namgala mTvare<br />
zrialiT Camoagdo, ramac Turqebi suliT xorcamde SeZra.<br />
faqtia, adreuli xanidanve (IX saukunidan mainc) arsebuli<br />
qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia da Semdeg (XVIII saukunis meore<br />
naxevridan) masze daSenebuli viTomda meCeTi mxolod 1772 wlodan<br />
1828 wlamde (sul 76 wlis manZilze) garegnulad funqcionirebda<br />
rogorc faSaTa (da ara saerTod muslimanTa) karis oficialuri<br />
salocavi. paskeviCis mier axalcixis aRebis Semdeg cixeSi rusuli<br />
jari Cadga da maSinve e. w. meCeTi, yovelgvari gadakeTeba-gadmokeTebis<br />
gareSe, rogorc marTlmadidebluri eklesia garnizonis salocav<br />
taZrad iqca. 1850 wels ruseTis imperatoris brZanebiT egzarxosma<br />
isidorem igi deda RmrTismSoblis miZinebis saxelze akurTxa[9. 37]<br />
da am saxiT funqcionirebda 1921 wlamde – mTeli 93 weli. aRaras<br />
vambobT imaze, rom igi „meCeTad~ gadakeTebamde aseulobiT wlebis<br />
ganmavlobaSi samxreT saqarTvelos uZlieres mmarTvelTa erT-erTi<br />
mniSvnelovani qristianuli salocavi iyo. arqiteqturuladac<br />
eklesiis stilze agebuli taZari mxolod gumbaTiT hgavda muslimanur<br />
salocavs.<br />
rabaTis cixis salocavi, e.w. „meCeTi~ restavraciamde.
58 Tina ivelaSvili<br />
restavrirebuli rabaTis cixis salocavi, e.w. „meCeTi~<br />
(albomidan: „axali saqarTvelo~, Tb., 2012).<br />
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, es salocavi „meCeTi~ gankuTvnili<br />
iyo mxolod safaSos mmarTveli faSebisaTvis. saerTod, axalcixis<br />
gamuslimanebuli mosaxleobisaTvis salocavi ara cixis citadelSi,<br />
aramed mis gareT, galavans SigniT arsebuli abanoebis gverdiT iyo<br />
moTavsebuli. amis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebs vxvdebiT axalcixur<br />
qronikebSi. ioane nebaZe aRwers ra 1828-1829 wlebSi axalcixeSi<br />
datrialebul ambebs, aRniSnavs: „5 agvistosa (mariamobiT) 1829-sa<br />
welsa, maSin cixeSi iyo naCalnikaT bebuTovi, gvariT somexi, romelmac<br />
mzakvrobiT gansca axalcixe aWaris ahmed faSasa, romelic daesxa<br />
Tavisis aWaris jariT xorcielsa anu yvelieris kviraSi, Tebervlis<br />
wina dReebSi 1829-sa welsa axalcixes, moaoxra qalaqi, warstyvevna<br />
vidre oc sulamde da mravalnica mihvles axalcixis mcxovrebTagani<br />
cixis winaT yofils meCeTSi, sadac SiSisa gamo Sekrebil iyunen,<br />
rameTu cixis karebi iyo daxSul da daketil da akrZalul iyo<br />
Sesvlad mun.... aWareli rom daesxa axalcixes, xalxi cixis gareT<br />
meCTSi Seikriba. maSin Cvenebic (misi ojaxi da sxva qristianebi –<br />
T. i.) iq Sevidnen, deda Terezina, misi da mariami (deida) da amis<br />
qali sara, da meca, Cemi ori Zmac.... maSin axalcixelebi silaiT anu<br />
saomris iaraRiT morTulni iyvnen, da meCeTidam anu TaTris jamidgan<br />
ebrZodnen aWarlebs, magram aWarlebman meCeTis rkinis SeWedili<br />
karebi daZlies, gaaRes da Semocvivdnen SuaRamisas....bolos gastexes
cota ram axalcixis „meCeTis“ Sesaxeb<br />
59<br />
xalxman meCeTis rkinis fanjara da gacvivdnen cixis kedlebisaken da<br />
sacodavaT exvewebodnen cixeSi ayvanas“[6. 322–323].<br />
saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Sebdeg,<br />
axalcixis rabaTis cixeSi wiTeli armiis sasazRvro jaris nawili<br />
ganTavsda. ra Tqma unda, rogorc im periodSi yvela religiurma<br />
salocavma, citadelSi mdgarma deda RmrTismSoblis miZinebis<br />
saxelobis eklesiamac funqcionireba Sewyvita, magram sabednierod<br />
dangreva-ganadgurebas gadaurCa. XX saukunis meore naxevarSi,<br />
rodesac aq dabanakebulma garnizonma dislokaciis adgili Seicvala,<br />
gamoTavisuflebul cixis teritoriaze mxareTmcodneobis (amJamad<br />
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis samcxe-javaxeTis istoriuli) muzeumi<br />
ganTavsda.<br />
amave saukunis 80-ian wlebSi e. w. meCeTs, rogorc istoriul<br />
Zegls, „Cautarda sarestavracio samuSaoebi. moxda gumbaTis yelis<br />
konstruqciuli gamarTva,moewyo TunuqiT gadaxurva. restavracia<br />
Cautarda interiersa da fasadebis dazianebul nawilebs.<br />
sarestavracio samuSaoebis dasrulebis Semdeg, ganTavsda<br />
saeqspozicio darbazi – epigrafikuli Zeglebis gamofena.meCeTis<br />
interiers gansakuTrebul monumentalobas aniWebs didi zomis<br />
aguris gumbaTovani gadaxurva“[4. 28].<br />
qalaq axalcixis cixis citadelSi arsebuli adreuli Sua<br />
saukuneebis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvruli da kulturuli Zeglis e.<br />
w. „meCeTis“ mimarT garkveulad dainteresebuli wreebis mxridan<br />
yuradReba am bolo wlebSi gansakuTrebiT gacxovelda. dRevandel<br />
TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli adreuli Sua saukuneebis msoflio<br />
mniSvnelobis mqone qarTuli kulturisa da xuroTmoZRvrobis<br />
unikalur ZeglTa savalalo mdgomareobis (faqtobrivad fizikurad<br />
ganadgurebis) gamo, rodesac qarTulma mxarem maTi konservaciarestavraciis<br />
survili gamoTqva. samagierod TurqeTis mesveurebma –<br />
Cvenma „keTilma mezoblebma“ baTumSi azizes saxelobis meCeTis ageba<br />
da axalcixeSi e. w. „ahmadis meCeTis“ restavracia-aRdgena moiTxoves,<br />
ramac qarTuli sazogadoebis samarTliani aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia.<br />
TiTqmis weliwadze metia, rac presis furclebze saqarTvelos<br />
xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mxridan ara erTxel gamoqveynda<br />
mwiri informacia dRevandeli TurqeTis (sinamdvileSi saqarTvelos<br />
istoriulad ZirZvel) teritoriaze arsebuli msoflio kulturis<br />
mniSvnelobis unikaluri qristianuli (marTlmadidebluri) xuroTmoZRvrebis<br />
Zeglebis, aRdgena-restavraciasTan dakavSirebiT TurqeTis<br />
xelisuflebasTan molaparakeba-SeTanxmebis mimdinareobis
60 Tina ivelaSvili<br />
Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, es arafrismTqmeli informaciebi, raRac seriozuli<br />
garigebis (romelsac xalxs umalaven) gadafarvis mizniT<br />
ibeWdeba. es rom asea, iqidanac Cans, rom rodesac sruliad<br />
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia<br />
meorem oficialuri weriliT mimarTa TurqeTis premier-ministrs anCis<br />
eklesiaSi anCisxatis dabrunebis Sesaxeb, Cveni „keTili da megobari<br />
qveynis“ xelisuflebam igi pasuxis Rirsadac ki ar CaTvala. es ki<br />
imaze metyvelebs, rom qarTuli istoriuli Zeglebis (bana, oTxTa,<br />
xancTa, Satberdi, iSxani da a. S.) ara Tu restavracia-aRdgena, aramed<br />
dReisaTvis SemorCenili saxiT konservaciac ki maT interesebSi ar<br />
Sedis. aqedan ki aSkarad Cans, rom „Cveni keTili megobari qveynis“<br />
mizani mxolod erTia, kerZod: saqarTvelos (gansakuTrebiT samxreT<br />
da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) mTel rig regionebSi viTomda arsebuli<br />
Turqul-islamuri salocavebis e. w. „aRdgena,“ axlis aSeneba da<br />
amoqmedeba (nawilobriv mizans kidec miaRwia).<br />
mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis aRSfoTebis Sedegad baTumSi Tu<br />
„azizies meCeTis“ ageba ase Tu ise droebiT mainc SeCerda, amas ver<br />
vityviT axalcixeSi e. w. „ahmedis meCeTis“ „restavraciis“ Sesaxeb.<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom misi, rogorc muslimanur salocav meCeTad<br />
aRdgena-restavracia (vizualuri dakvirvebiT ase Cans), yovelgvari<br />
ganxilvis, sazogadoebrivi azris gaTvaliswinebis, eqscesebis gareSe<br />
Catarda. aRaras vambobT TviT cixis „aRdgenis“ Sesaxeb, radgan es aris<br />
ara misi istoriuli saxiT aRdgena, aramed Turqul stilSi (yaidaze,<br />
rogorc adgilobrivi mosaxleoba ambobs) xelaxali aSeneba.<br />
axalcixis rabaTis cixeze 2011 wlidan daiwyo gamalebuli grandiozuli<br />
sarestavracio Tu aRmSeneblobiTi samuSaoebi („bo roti<br />
enebi~ amboben, rom am saqmisaTvis aseulobiT milioni dolaria<br />
gamoyofili). bunebrivia, sarestavracio-gadakeTebiTi samuSao e. w.<br />
„meCeTsac~ Seexo. mas gamoucvales gumbaTis sax uravi (sagrZnoblad<br />
aamaRles kidec) da tradiciuli aguris nacvlad (rogorc es<br />
gvianobamde iyo) germaniidan Camotanili ZviradRirebuli yviTeli<br />
feris liToniT gadaxures. mis win ganaTavses sxvadasxva daniSnulebis<br />
obieqtebi (imperatoris fan Caturi, siyvarulis xeivani, gansjis<br />
labirinTi da a. S.). qalaq axalcixis municipalitetis zogierTi,<br />
istoriaSi Cauxedavi xelm ZRvaneli piri siamayiT xmamaRla acxadebs:<br />
„axalcixis cixis (rabaTis) reabilitaciis pirveli etapi<br />
dasruldeba agvistos TveSi. aq ganTavsdeba Semdegi obieqtebi: muzeumi,<br />
medrese, citadeli (sainteresoa, citadeli rogor unda ganTavsdes,<br />
is xom deda cixis Sida galavania – T. i.), meCeTi. eklesia,
cota ram axalcixis „meCeTis“ Sesaxeb<br />
61<br />
imperatoris fanCaturi, faSas mosasvenebeli, siyvarulis xeivani,<br />
gansjis labirinTi, qorwinebis saxli, sastumro, kafe-restornebi,<br />
maRaziebi, auzebi, afTiaqi, Sadrevnebi, turistuli biuro da bevri<br />
sxva ram“[8].<br />
rodesac paskeviCma axalcixis rabaTis cixe aiRo, citadelis<br />
SigniT moTavsebuli iyo mxolod e.w. meCeTi, romelsac aRmosavleTidan<br />
garkveuli manZilis daSorebiT mcire zomis Sadrevani amSvenebda,<br />
medrese biblioTekiT, faSis sacxovrebeli rezidencia da ojaxis<br />
faruli salocavi – karis eklesia. aq Cndeba kiTxva: Tu am Zeglis<br />
istoriuli saxiT aRdgena xdeba, maSin citadels SigniT e.w. meCeTis,<br />
medreses, mcire zomis Sadrevanis, faSaTa sacxovrebelisa da faruli<br />
eklesiis garda ra unda iq sxvadasxva saxis xeivnebsa Tu qorwinebis<br />
saxls, viRacis fantaziiT mogonil labirinTebs da jerjerobiT<br />
gaurkveveli daniSnulebis wvrilman nagebobebs? gamodis, rom misi<br />
istoriuli saxis aRdgena ki ara, aramed Segnebuli waSla xdeba. igive<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas citadelis kedlebze wamomarTul sxvadasxva formis<br />
gaurkveveli daniSnulebis araproporciul koSkeb-qongurezec.<br />
albomidan: „axali saqarvelo~, Tb., 2012.<br />
ase gamoiyureba zemoT CamoTvlili „Tanamedrove nagebobani~<br />
cixis citadelSi salocavis irgvliv. vfiqrobT, cixis istoriuli<br />
saxis SenarCunebis TvalTaxedviT, udavod mizanSewonili iqneboda<br />
maTi ganlageba citadelis gareT saTvalTvalo koSkis mimdebare<br />
sakmaod vrcel teritoriaze.<br />
„rabaTis cixis restavraciasTan“ dakavSirebiT bolodroindel<br />
presis furclebze araerTi metad saintereso poziciaa dafiq si-
62 Tina ivelaSvili<br />
rebuli. unda iTqvas, rom maTSi samarTlianadaa aRniSnuli: „samcxesaaTabagos<br />
mmarTvelebis jayelebis rezidencia saqarTvelos<br />
dampyrobelma osmaleTma me-17 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi xelyves<br />
da „rabaTis cixed“ (Turqul cixed-T. i.) aqcies, amdenad saakaSvilis<br />
xelisuflebam aRadgina ara jayelebis rezidencia Tavisi pirvandeli<br />
saxiT, qarTuli arqiteqturiT, aramed aRadgina Turquli „rabaTis<br />
cixe“ im saxiT, ra saxiTac igi Turqebma Tavis droze gadaakeTes,...<br />
romelic iyo me-17 saukuneSi osmalTa imperiis istoriul mesxeTze<br />
da, saerTod, saqarTveloze batonobis simbolo~[13].<br />
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, TiTqosda dRevandel TurqeTis teritoriaze<br />
(istoriul saqarTveloSi) ramdenime qarTuli ist oriuli<br />
Zeglis restavraciis sanacvlod saqarTvelos sxv a d asxva regionSi<br />
(kerZod, baTumsa da axalcixis rabaTSi) mus l imanuri salocavebis<br />
– meCeTebis aSeneba-„aRdgenaze~ SeTan x meba Cvens samTavrobo wreebsa<br />
da ucxo qveynis, TurqeTis xe lisuflebas Soris faqtobrivad<br />
sazogadoebisagan farulad mo xda. am dros marto samxreT-dasavleT<br />
saqarTveloSi agebulia da moqmedebs TiTqmis asamde meCeTi-salocavi.<br />
rac Seexeba TurqeTis teritorias, miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
aq araerTi uZvelesi qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia-mo nasteria<br />
SemorCenili, sanTliT rom veZeboT, erT qarTul mo qm ed<br />
patara salocavsac ver vnaxavT. TurqeTs Tavi davaneboT (ras verCiT,<br />
is Tavis saqmes akeTebs), qarTul mxares SevaxsenebT, rom is<br />
qarTuli istoriuli kulturis Zeglebi, romlebic istoriuli<br />
bedukuRmarTobis gamo amJamin-deli TurqeTis „teritoriazea,“<br />
msoflios kulturul memkvidreobis saganZurSi Sedis da TurqeTis<br />
xelisufleba, Cvendami yovelgvari pirobebisa da moTxovnebis<br />
wamoyenebis gareSe, valdebulia iuneskosTan SeTanxmebiT da TanadafinansebiT<br />
moaxdinos maTi restacracia Tu ara, konservacia<br />
mainc, radgan am Zeglebis saxiT Seufasebelsa da unikalur kulturul-istoriul<br />
memkvidreobas flobs. igi maTi restavraciaaR<br />
dgenis sanacvlod Cvens qveyanaSi meCeTebis agebas (romlebic,<br />
rogorc aRvniSneT, isedac sakmarisze metia saqarTveloSi) ki ar<br />
unda gvavaldebulebdes, aramed saqarTvelos xelisuflebisagan<br />
qarTveli arqiteqtor-restavratorebis gagza vnas unda iTxovdes.<br />
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom XVI saukunidan moyolebuli<br />
vidre XIX s-is 20-ian wlebamde samxreT saqarTvelo misi cixe–<br />
simagreebiT iran-TurqeTis sajildao qvas (vin – vis) warmoadgenda.<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, am qveynebis arqivebsa Tu wignTsacavebSi aucileblad<br />
iqneba am cixe-simagreTa da religiuri sakulto-salocavebis
cota ram axalcixis „meCeTis“ Sesaxeb<br />
63<br />
Sesaxeb garkveuli cnobebi daunjebuli. xom ar ajobebda, vidre am<br />
grandiozuli Zeglis „restavracia-aRmSeneblobas“ daiwyebdnen, mis<br />
iniciatorebs, damatebiTi informaciis moZiebis mizniT, mkvlevarTa<br />
or-sam kaciani jgufebi mievlinebina (miT umetes, rodesac proeqti<br />
uxvad aris dafinansebuli) ruseTis, Teiranisa Tu stambolis arqivebsa<br />
da wignTsacavebSi. mopovebuli masalebi Tmogvis, nariyalas, aseve<br />
xerTvisisa da sxva cixe-simagreebis gegma-naxazebTan (vimedovnebT,<br />
rom es monacemebi ZeglTa dacvis departamentSi inaxeba) SeejerebinaT<br />
da erTiani optimaluri gegma-proeqti SeemuSavebinaT, raTa, aRdgenis<br />
Semdeg, mnaxvels TvalnaTliv enaxa aq SemorCenili saukuneTa<br />
STambeWdavi plastebi.<br />
faqtebs ver gaveqceviT, axalcixis cixis citadelSi XVIII sau<br />
kunis meore naxevramde adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli ma r-<br />
T lmadidebluri eklesia idga, romelic cixis mflobelTa aTab<br />
ag-jayelTa sagvareulo karis eklesias warmoadgenda. XVIII<br />
sa uunis Sua xanebSi mis saZirkvelze TiTqosda osmalTa bat on obis<br />
simbolo, magram aia sofias stilSi agebuli salocavi, aRm S e n ebeliviT<br />
Zlieri, samxreT saqarTvelos tragikuli istoriis, mi si<br />
warsulisa da momavlis idumali amsaxveli taZari aSenda, ro melic<br />
gamocanasaviT dgas religiebsa da saukuneebs Soris. Tavis dr oze<br />
sworad daiwera, rom igi, „rogorc marTlmadideblur taZrad Cafiqrebuli<br />
sakurTxevlis mqone nageboba, unda gadacemoda qarTul<br />
marTlmadideblur avtokefalur eklesias“[7.59]. samwuxarod, dRes<br />
sul sxva faqtis mowmeni gavxdiT, es salocavi, ise rom sazogadoebam<br />
amis Sesaxeb TiTqmis araferi icoda, meCeTad restavrirebuli (yovel<br />
SemTxvevaSi garegnulad ase Cans), mrisxaned gadahyurebs mTel qalaqs<br />
da TurqTa avadsaxsenebel samsaukunovan batonobas axsenebs.<br />
dabolos, erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi interesebidan gamomd inare,<br />
swored axalcixeSi, sasazRvro regionSi XI saukunis qarTul<br />
istoriul Zeglze XVIII saukuneSi daSenebuli e. w. „meCeTis“,<br />
rogorc meCeTis restavracia yovlad dauSvebelia. Zeglis Tu marTla<br />
istoriuli saxiT aRdgena xdeba, maSin igi Tavisi pirvandeli –<br />
qarTuli marTlmadidebluri salocavis saxiT unda aRdges.
64 Tina ivelaSvili<br />
damowmebuli literatura<br />
1. vaxuSti bagrationi, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, Tb.,<br />
1973.<br />
2. v. beriZe, samcxis xuroTmoZRvreba, Tb., 1972.<br />
3. d. koJoriZe, ganaxlebuli mesxeTis qalaqi, Tb., 1969.<br />
4. c. lafaCi, axalcixis meCeTis istoriidan, axalcixis saswavlo<br />
universitetis samecniero konferenciis masalebi, axa lcixe,<br />
2011.<br />
5. S. lomsaZe, samcxe-javaxeTi, Tb., 1973.<br />
6. S. lomsaZe, mesxebi, Tb., 2002.<br />
7. k. jayeli, aRzeveba yuTlu arslanisa, Tb., 2005.<br />
8. gaz. „mesxeTis universiteti~, 61. 2012<br />
9. Л. Загурский, Поездка в ахалцихский уезд в 1872г., ЗКОИРГО,<br />
кн, 8, 1873.<br />
10. В. Иванов, Город Ахалцихе, СМОМПК, вып, 7, 1889.<br />
11. evlia Celebis mogzaurobis wigni, Targmani g. fuTuriZisa,<br />
Tb., 1971.<br />
12. gaz. „Тифлисские ведомости,“ 19, 1832.<br />
13. gaz. „asaval-dasavali,“ 2012 wlis 20–26 agvisto, 34 (932).
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