giorgi gogolaSvili fiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis Sesaxeb qarTuli ...

giorgi gogolaSvilifiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis SesaxebqarTuli polemikuri kultura... vfiqrobT: Tema vrcelia, rTulida saintereso; winamdebare werili winaswar saubrad miviCnioT;sakiTxi ufro Rrma, detalur msjelobas imsaxurebs... polemikurkulturas mdidari tradicia aqvs da, samwuxarod, vkargavT, vamaxinjebT...mivyveT ufro Tanmimdevrulad... mWevrmetyveleba, ritorika qarTul sinamdvileSi tradiciulidargia. XII saukuneSi gelaTis akademiaSi saswavlo saganTa nusxaSiSvididan erTi ritorika iyo. mogexsenebaT, gelaTis akademiaSi swavlebaagebuli iyo triviumisa da kvadriumis principze. triviumisciklis sagnebi iyo: a) `qveynis sazomloÁ~ (geometria), b) `ricxuni~(ariTmetika), g) `samusoÁ~ (musika); kvadriumis ciklis sagnebi iyo:a)filosofia sami saxis _`saqmiTi, mxedvelobiTi da ganmsityuelobiTi~,b) ritorika sami saxis _ `Tanamzraxvelobisa, mepaeqrobisada dResaswaulobisa~, g) gramatika da d) `varskulavTmricxvelobaÁ~(astronomia).rogorc vxedavT, ritorika sami saxisa iyo: Tanamzraxvelobisagulisxmobda TanamoazreTa msjelobas, dialogs, saubars konkretuliproblemis Sesaxeb am problemis garkvevis, siRrmiseuladgaazrebis mizniT; mepaeqrobisa gulisxmobda gansxvavebuli azrismqoneTa paeqrobas WeSmaritebis garkvevis, dadgenis mizniT; dResaswaulobisadapirispirebas, dialogs ar gulisxmobda; qadagebistipis msjelobas varaudobda...ramdenadac saswavlo sagnad moiazreboda TiToeuli saxe ritorikisa,rogorc Cans, aswavlidnen wesebs, kanonebs mWevrmetyvelebisa...samwuxarod, ar SemogvrCa masalebi imis Taobaze, ras aswavlidnen,riT da rogor; magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT gelaTis akademiis

fiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis Sesaxeb 37seriozulobas (imdroindeli msoflios erT-erT umTavres saganmanaTleblocentrad miiCneva), unda vifiqroT, ritorikis swavlebacjerovan simaRleze idga; ueWvelad gaTvaliswinebuli iqnebodarogorc msoflio gamocdileba, ise qarTveli kacis bunebisTaviseburebac (eTno-fsiqologiur faqtors polemikaSi arsebiTimniSvneloba aqvs)... mokled, es kvlevis Temaa. ramdenadac TeoriuliTu meTodikuri TvalsazrisiT mWevrmetyvelebas seriozulisafuZveli hqonda, unda vifiqroT, rom praqtikuladac polemikurikultura Camoyalibebuli iyo; Cven gvainteresebs, es tradicia rogorgagrZelda qarTulSi, rogor ganviTarda da ra saxiT moaRwiaCvenamde.polemikuri kulturis TvalsazrisiT Tvali gadavavloT uaxloeswarsuls _ XIX saukunes. sazogado interesebiT nakarnaxeviaraerTi paeqroba, diskusia gaimarTa im dros. magaliTisaTvis`mamaTa~ da `SvilTa~ dapirispirebac ikmarebda; anda iakob gogebaSvilisbrZola mraval frontze erovnuli skolis problemebTandakavSirebiT; Tundac iakobisa da akakis paeqroba... Tu rogori iyosimwvave am diskusiebisa, siRrme, mizandasaxuloba da, rac mTavaria,kultura polemikisa, amis klasikuri magaliTia ilia WavWavaZisada akaki wereTlis paeqroba `vefxistyaosnis~ Temaze... SevecdebiTufro axlos gavecnoT am polemikas... maS ase:`vefxistyaosnis~ sakiTxebze kamaToben ilia da akaki... am polemikaSiuaRresad koloritulad warmoCndeba rogorc erTi, ise_ meore.urTierTpativiscema, mopaeqrisadmi angariSis gaweva, erTmaneTisdafaseba... magram WeSmaritebisadmi usazRvro erTguleba; ukompromisoba,sazogado interesebiT nakarnaxevi.mwarea kritika iliasi akakis mimarT:`es metismeti daqveiTeba pegaszed mjdom cxenosnisa~...`es amisTana gza kvlevisa sad miiyvans kacsa?!...~`Cven ver migvignia, risTvis mohsurvebia b-ns akakis rusTavelisase daqveiTeba~.`rusTavelis tipebs im pawia jujrutanidam sinjva-ki ar unda,saidanac marto qarTleli, kaxeli, imereli da sxva calke saxelwodebulikaci dainaxeba, aramed im uSvelebel sarkmlidan, rommTels kacad-kacobas Tvali gadaevlebodes, mis sruls sigrZe-siganesada siRrme-simaRlezed~...

38 giorgi gogolaSvili`es nawili leqciisa metismetad ugemuri ram gamovida da msmenelTaTvismetad mosawyeni iyo~...`Cvenis fiqriT, Semcdari dedaazri warimZRvara b-ma leqtormawin~...diax, is, vinc rusTaveli daaqveiTa, mcdari gza airCia kvlevisa,pawia `jujrutanidam~ sinjavs rusTavelis poemas, ugemur leqciassTavazobs mkiTxvels, mcdar dedaazrze damyarebuls _ akaki wereTelia,ilias azriT.miuxedavad amgvari Sefasebisa, yuradReba mivaqcioT iliasdamokidebulebas akakis pirovnebisadmi _ rogor mimarTavs, rogormoixseniebs:`b-ma akaki wereTelma sajaro leqcia...~`b-n akakis azrsa...~`pativcemul leqtors kvaldakval mivyveT...~`b-ni leqtori Tavis rTuls da mZime saqmes...~arc erTxel akaki wereTeli epiTetis gareSe araa moxsenebuli;miT umetes, mxolod gvariT. Tumca, erTganaa mxolod epiTetis gareSeleqtorad moxsenebuli, isic dadebiT konteqstSi: `leqtormamware marTali amjobina tkbilsa tyuilsa...~ufro metic: araTu augad moxsenieba, upativcemulo damokidebulebapirovnebisadmi, aramed akakis damsaxurebis, Rvawlisa da talantisiliaseuli Sefasebac uSurvelad gvaqvs am werilSi:`es azri, rom rusebsac acodinos kacma _ ra Rirsebisaa is sulieriganZi, romelic samkvidrod da sasaxelod uanderZa Cvenmawarsulma Cven ersa, _ metad mosawoni azria da didis TanagrZnobisda madlobis Rirsica Cvens mier...~`amitomac metis-metad bednier azrad vsaxavdi b-n akakis azrsa...~`am akidozed bevri marTali margalitebi aasxa leqtorma gonebamaxvilobisa,lamazis Sedarebebisa, rogorc akakis bednieris ni-Wis ambavi mogexsenebaT...~`Cvenis fiqriT, am sazomiT, am sawyaoTi unda Sedgomoda b-ni leqtoriTavis rTuls saqmes...~faqtia: pativiscema pirovnebisadmi, Tumca Seuguebloba miuRebelazrTan. sxvagvarad: pirovnulma pativiscemam, pirovnebisadmikeTilganwyobilma damokidebulebam sazogado interesi ar undadaazaralos; WeSmaritebisaTvis ar unda gvaRalatebinos.es werilic ilia WavWavaZisa erTgvari gakveTilia, magaliTiaimisa, Tu rogori unda iyos pirovnuli damokidebuleba sazogadointeresiT nakarnaxevi.

fiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis Sesaxeb 39gavixsenoT principi iliasi, safuZveli kritikuli ganwyobilebisa,Tavis pirvel kritikul werilSi rom gadmosca: `iqnebaTavad erisTavma gviwyinos es pirmouferebeli statia. ara gvgonia.Cven yvelani qarTuli enis xmarebaSi codvilni varT da CveulebaurTierTis codvebis Cvenebisa ar iqneba momatebuli. maS, rogorunda gavswordeT, Tu Cveni simrude ar gvecodineba? netavi oriodekaci iyos saqarTveloSi, rom Cveni boroteba erTianad asweros dadagvanaxos... aba, is iqneba namdvili saqebari mamulis-moyvare~.diax, mamulismoyvareoba, mware simarTlis Tqma tkbili tyuilisnacvlad; moyvrisadmi pirSi Zraxva...im pirvel werilSi ilia ganacxadis saxiT warmogvidgens Tavisazrs: `sxvisa ara viciT da Cven-ki mSobel mamasac ar davuTmobdiTCven mSobliur enis miwasTan gasworebas~.mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba _ sameba da erTarsebaa iliasaTvis;mamulismoyvare _ am samebis erTguli da uangaro msaxuri. mamulismoyvareobasdafaseba unda; mamulismoyvaris damcireba erovnuliinteresis Selaxvaa; ai, es ar unda epatios vinmes, TviT akakisacki, _ esaa ilias azri:`Cven rusTavelis saxeli metismetad did saxelad migvaCnia damogvitevon, rom mis saxels da didebas advilad veravis davuTmobT~,_ ase daasrulebs ilia werils da `mogvitevono~, upirvelesad,akakis miemarTeba; da miemarTeba umTavresad mkiTxvels, raTakritika akakis azrisa akakis pirovnebis augad ar miiCnios; rom amiTakakis damsaxureba eris winaSe, mamulismoyvaris Rvawli mamuliswinaSe ar daamciros; gavixsenoT: cota adre (es kritikuli werili`vefxistyaosnis~ gamo iliam 1887 wels gamoaqveyna) aucilebladmiaCnda: `... pativiscema erisaTvis garjili kacisa, sajarod madlisgadaxda misi, visac erisaTvis samsaxuri ram gauwevia, Sroma daudvia,sityviT Tu saqmiT Seswevnia Tavis mamulsa da Tanamemamulesa...~_ akakis Sesaxebaa saubari!...erTgan ilia Tavis momaval kritikosebs winaswari madlobiTmimarTavda: `Tu RmerTi gagviwyra da uxeirod mogviva rame, misSeniSvnas sixaruliT da madlobiT miviRebTo~. am SegnebiT akrtikebsilia sxvasac... da kerZod, akakis.esec gakveTilia, magaliTi saSviliSvilo...mizani da ganwyoba iliasi naTelia.akaki pasuxs wers; calke wignakad ibeWdeba imave 1887 wels. werilsase daasrulebs: `raca vTqvi _ gulwrfelaT iyo gamoTqmuli.da axla didi siamovnebiTa da natvriT veli im dros, rodesac imavsaganze bat. WavWavaZe warmoTqvams Tavis sakuTar azrs, darwmuneb-

40 giorgi gogolaSviliuli unda iyos, rom me didi siamovnebiT Cemi sakuTari yuriT movismenmis saubars da Semdegac didi dakvirvebisa da mofiqrebisSemdeg davafaseb SeZlebisdagvaraT da cxra Tavian deviviT isrebsar gavtyorcni Zlevamosili ueWvelobiT. amas moiTxovs, rogorcrusTavelis didi vinmeoba da bat. WavWavaZis Rirseba, ise Cemi saku-Tari Tavis pativiscema~.mivaqcioT yuradReba: polemikisaTvis, diskusiisTvis akaki sampirobas wamoayenebs:1. sapolemiko, sadiskusio sagnis, Temis Rirebuleba (`rusTavelisdidi vinmeoba~).2. mopaeqris Rirseba, unda Rirdes masTan kamaTi (`baton WavWava-Zis Rirseba~).3. sakuTari Tavis Rirsebisa da pasuxismgeblobis SegrZneba (`sakuTariTavis pativiscema~).sapasuxo werili akaki wereTlisa am principebis mixedviT aigo.saerTod, visac akakis polemikuri werilebisaTvis Tvali gadauvlia,dameTanxmeba, rom sakmaod mkacri, daundobeli, enamwarea akaki_ rogorc polemikosi. ilias mimarT toni sxvagvaria, uRrmesipirovnuli pativiscemiT gamsWvaluli. ramdenime amonaridi amisdasturad:`bat. WavWavaZis sityvas, rogorc sagulisxmosa da yuradsaRebs,calybad migebeba ar Sehferis da Cvenc Cveni SeZlebisa da gvaraTsimdabliT, gulwrfelaT mivegebebiT~.`batoni ilia WavWavaZe gamobrZanda moZRvraT...~`vwuxvar, rom amas vambob pat. ilia WavWavaZeze, magram ra vqna,rom ar SemiZlia Seviwamo is, rac ar miTqvams...~`Tavis werilebs ilia WavWavaZe ise aTavebs, rogorc SeSvenissaxelganTqmul kacs...~aseTi STabeWdilebac rCeba: maxvili da `mware~ sityvis di dostats,akakis, zogjer TiTqos kalami gaeqceva Cveulebisamebr, magramaxsendeba, rom iliasTan aqvs saqme da droze daiokebs survils...magram saTqmels mainc ambobs, oRond qaragmulad, TiTqosmkiTxveli ambobs, sxva ambobs da ara akaki wereTeli!...amonaridi akakis sapasuxo werilidan: `xandaxan araTu frazebisada sityvis, erTi marcvlis CamatebiT an gamoklebiTac SeiZlebaazri Sescvalos kacma. ai, Tu ginda es magaliTi aviRoT: me vambob:`batoni WavWavaZe ar yofila leqciaze da rac warmosTqva mis Sesaxeb,gulwrfelad mosvlia da ara sxvagvar ram krimanWulobiT dasxv. es rom vinmem Sescvalos am gvariT: `bat. ilia WavWavaZe ar yofilaleqciaze da rac warmouTqvams mis Sesaxeb, gulwrfelobiT

fiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis Sesaxeb 41ar mosvlia, garna sxvagvarkrimanWulobiT da sxv. es Cemi braliiqneba?..~saintereso faqtia: akakis werili ar dabeWdila; ilias leqciaar mousmenia; sxvis naambobs, informacias daeyrdno da kritikisqarcecxlSi gaatara akakis naazrevi. sapasuxo werilSi akakimisamarTebs daazustebs, ambis mimtans daakisrebs upirveles pasuxismgeblobas.`sazogadoT Cems leqciebze me ar vegulebodi im zogierTebs,romlebisTvisac saWiro gaxda ganmeorebiT ubnoba, magram axla kiWavWavaZis werilebiT Cans, rom Turme CiCinic yofila saWiro! amasme ver Sevhkadreb sazogado msmenelebs da miT ufro WavWavaZes...`saCiCino~ mimaCnia mxoloT is mcire gundi zogierTebisa, romelTacCemi sityvebi TaviseburaT gaiges da romlis ayoliTac bat. iliaWavWavaZem samsjavroze gadmodga fexi banis saTqmelad~.amas akaki werilis dasawyisSi ambobs. amiT TiTqos iliaspirovnebisadmi bodiSi moixada, raRac tvirTisagan Tavi gaiTavisufla,meti Tavisufleba SeiZinao da meti pilpili gauria saTqmels;mware da daundobeli xdeba:`nametani gamWriaxoba igive gulTamxilaobaa, magram gulTamxilavmamxolod is unda amoikiTxos sxvis gulSi, rac iq weria da arais, rac TviTon surs, rom Caweros...~`es kilo bat. WavWavaZesac kargad SeuTvisebia, rom miT ufroxelmarjveT gvtyorcnos isari, magram is ki aviwydeba, rom israTnamdvili sabuTi unda ixmaros da ara misganve Sewamebuli!..~`Tu me marTla ver movaxerxe Cemi azris naTlad da gasagebaTgamoTqma da sabuTebic xeiriani ver movitane, maSin jer unda isCemi sabuTebi gaerCia, daemtkicebina maTi uvargisoba bat. WavWavaZesda mere Tavis sakuTari sabuTebiTa da ufro sagulisxmo loRikiTgamoelaSqra~.rasac akaki ambobs, anabanuri WeSmaritebaa polemikisa. mwaresayvedurs ver ascda ilia; ver uSvela misamarTebis dazustebam.grZnobs amas, rogorc Cans, akaki. examuSeba kidec amgvari sayvedurebiilias mimarT da TviTonve cdilobs, ilias amgvar qcevasaxsna mouZebnos, gamarTleba:`aq rasac brZanebs bat. WavWavaZe, yvela kargia, magram saidamwarmoudgenia is, rom viTom Cemi azri da Cemi naTqvami iyos eseebiyvela da ara sakuTari misi ocneba?... me fiqradac ar momsvlia, rasacbat. WavWavaZe ase guldagul mwamebs. da ram aiZula? ver gaigo?SeuZlebelia! ganzraxviT gadaasxvafera? ra safiqrebelia! aba, ra?is, rom, uTuod, rodesac me dabla vidodi, is aRma hfrenda maSin:

42 giorgi gogolaSviliar mismina, ar ugdo yuri Cem saubars da ganagonebs miendo!..~iSviaTi magaliTia da didi gakveTili polemikuri kulturisa;sakuTari naazrevis sisworis mtkicebis cda, mopaeqrisa Tu saku-Tari Tavis pativsicema, Tavmdablobis momentis wina planze wamoweva,sakuTari pativmoyvareobis Selaxvis xarjze oponentis pirovnuliRirsebis xeluxlebloba:`egeba Cemi naTqvami bundovani iyo da gaugebari, radganac me vervaxerxeb keca-kecaT saubars da yovelTvis ubralo sityvebiT, mdabioleqsebiT gamovTqvam Cem azrs?..~Tumca mTlad zusti ar unda iyos Cemi komentari _ sakuTaripativmoyvareobis Selaxvis xarjze-meTqi. roca akaki oponentisRirsebas ufrTxildeba da icavs, amiT sakuTar Tavs scems pativs,sakuTar Rirsebasa da avtoritets icavs!me erTi magaliTi moviyvane klasikuri polemikisa. aseve SeiZlebagvemsjela akakisa da iakobis, akakisa da vaJas, iakobisa da sxvaTapaeqrobebze... principebi dazustdeba, gamdidrdeba... magaliTisaTvises vikmaroT...tradicia myaria... rogor grZeldeba tradicia? Rirseulad? _vnaxoT... polemika berZnuli warmoSobis sityva yofila; saomars, mtrulsniSnavs Turme dednis enaze; Cveni leqsikonebi am sityvas ase ganmartaven:kamaTi raime mecnieruli, literaturuli Tu politikurisakiTxebis ganxilvisas; paeqroba...dRevandel qarTul sinamdvileSi gaxSirebuli polemika ufro metaddedniseul mniSvnelobas uaxlovdeba, vidre leqsikonebSi akademiuradwarmodgenil ganmartebas... am Temaze gvsurs saubari... diax,gaxSirda polemika. sajaro Sexvedrebze, presasa Tu televiziaSiaraerTi dapirispirebis mowmeni gavmxdarvarT. sportuli termini rommoviSvelioT, ar eridebian akrZalul ileTebs: lanZRva, gineba (pirdapirimniSvnelobiT), pirovnuli damcireba-Seuracxyofa, winaparTacodvebis gaxseneba, genetikuri monacemebis Zieba da misTanani...xSirad iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, mopaeqres saqme ar ainteresebs;misi mTavari mizani mowinaaRmdegis damcireba, Seuracxyofa,abuCad agdebaa... da aseTi ram xdeba zogjer seriozul gamocemebSic... rogorc vTqviT, polemika `mepaeqrobis~ ritorikaa. kritikuliazris gamoTqma aris saTave konkretuli polemikisa. ilias Segoneba

fiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis Sesaxeb 43_ `netavi oriode kaci iyos saqarTveloSi, rom Cveni borotebaerTianad asweros da dagvanaxos... aba, is iqneba namdvili saqebarimamulis-moyvare~ _ didbunebovan adamianTa (mamulismoyvareTa)poziciaa. umetesoba Znelad egueba kritikul azrs. es TavisTavadpolemikuri kulturis deficitis gamovlenaa. kritikuli azrisadmidamokidebulebaSi sam moments mivaqcevT yuradRebas: erTi,roca kritikis obieqti ar miiCnevs saWirod polemikis gamarTvaskritikosTan, kritikuli azris usagnobis anda kritikosis arakompetenturobisgamo, meore _ kritikul azrs samarTlianad miiCnevsda amitomac ar Tvlis saWirod gamopasuxebas, anda eTanxmeba kritikossda ganmartavs Secdomis mizezs, da mesame _ WeSmaritebisdasadgenad kritikis adresati saWirod Tvlis polemikas.am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa is gakveTilebi, romelic iakobgogebaSvilma Cagvitara: vin aris Rirsi polemikisa da vin ara, rodisRirs paeqroba da rodis _ ara da sxva. diax, isev klasikurmagaliTs moviSvelieb, iakob gogebaSvilis magaliTs.erTic vTqvaT: iakob gogebaSvili sworupovari polemisti iyo.odesme albaT Seiqmneba qarTuli polemikuri kulturis istoriada iakobis polemikur xelovnebaze iTqmeba saTqmeli...igoneben, `iakobi iseTi iyo, mokamaTes, rogorc ityvian,rjulamde Cahyveboda, Tu misi azri saeWvod moeCveneboda~ (i. imedaSvili);anda: `kaco, amboben, rasac ityvis, gvelis xvrelSi gaZvrebada aasrulebs kio~ (v. barnovi). `Tavisi sityvis batonic iyoda patronic~ (i. sreseli). ar icvlis azrs, pozicias, Tuki swams,rom marTalia; akaki swerda giorgi wereTels: `Zmao giorgi! gogebaSvilispasuxiT davrwmundi, rom mas veRaras gadaaTqmevineb damec aRar amoviReb xmas, rac unda sweros! amasTanave gTxovT, Turame gamogzavnon imis Sesaxeb, ar dabeWdoT! xom ici, rac unda iyos,iakobisTana kacebi Zvirfasebi arian CvenTvis da safrTxilod mosapyrobi...~es amonaridi akakis pirovnebasac naTlad warmogvidgens,mis polemikur kulturasac... sityvam moitana da mopaeqris avtoritetisdafaseba, gafrTxileba umTavresi pirobaa polemikisa klasikosTaTvis.iakobi wers z. faliaSvilze: `...Tu daswera rame kidev,meoTxe sabodiSosac Sehqmnis da es CemTvisac sasiamovno ar iqneba,radgan Cemi mowinaaRmdege friad niWieri memusike aris da uxeiropolemika mas sruliad ar Sehferis~.giorgi wereTels ukvirs iakob gogebaSvilis Tavgamodeba saku-Tari saxelmZRvaneloebis dasacavad: `bevrma qarTvelma pedagogmaganizraxa misi (`deda-enis~) kritikuli dafaseba, magram aseTmaganxilvam y o v elTvis gamoiwvia gogebaSvilis mxriv sapolemiko

44 giorgi gogolaSviliqarcecxli~-o. iakobi ki sxvas amtkicebs: `sazogadod rom vsTqvaT,oTxs kritikaSi mxolod erTs vaZlevdiT pasuxs~... yvela kritikulwerils arc Tvlida pasuxis Rirsad; albaT, erTi kacis ZalasaRemateboda kidec yvela maTganze pasuxis gacema, arc droisxarjva Rirda: `batonma ivane mesxim dabeWda kritikuli ganxilva`deda-enisa~ da me krintic ar damiZravs winaaRmdeg, Tumca zogierTanaklulovaneba, Cemis azriT, SecdomiT iyo naCvenebi. b-ma mixeilnasiZem gahkila `deda-ena~ da me upasuxod davtove; b-nma dodaSvilma`kvalSi~ laRad gainavarda Cems wignzed da me yuric argavibertye; amave gazeTis klientma umanko saxalxo leqss, `modi,vnaxoT venaxi~, darvinis Teoriis qadageba daswama da Cven arc maSingavwyviteT dumilio~, _ ganmartavs iakobi...vin aris Rirsi pasuxisa, anda rogori kritika imsaxurebs iakobisyuradRebas? wers erTgan iakobi: `warsuli wlis maisSi erTmaaxalcixelma maswavlebelma dabeWda `iveriaSi~ vrceli SeniSvnebi`deda-enis~ Sesaxeb. SeniSvnebi iyo dawerili gulwrfelad, sagnissiyvaruliT, miudgomelad da miufereblad. Cvenc aseTive xasiaTisSeniSvnebi davuwereT `moambeSi~ da sruli TavazianobiT movepyariT~...mTavari moTxovna iakobisa: sapolemiko werili unda iyodawerili gulwrfelad, sagnis siyvaruliT, miudgomelad da miufereblad...pasuxis Rirsia iseTi werilebi, romelTa baasis toniaris rigiani, ikvlevs sapolemiko sagans da erideba pirad kicxvakilvaso:`roca `kvalma~ Cvens winaaRmdeg astexa polemika, b-nni:akaki wereTeli, silovan xundaZe, dutu megreli sruli rigianobiTgvebaasebodnen, sagans ikvlevdnen, pirad kicxva-kilvas eridebodnenda Cvenc swored amisTanave xasiaTi miveciT Cvens pasuxebsao~, _ixsenebs iakobi...iakobisaTvis miuRebelia, Seuwynarebelia piradi damcireba-Seuracxyofa, Tumca zogjer aseTi raimes upasuxod datovebac ariqnebis: `b-nma giorgi wereTelma da dodaSvilma Cveni piradi damcirebamoindomes mkiTxvelis TvalSi da Cven mier TviTon iqmnendamcirebulni sruli samarTlianobiT~, _ wers erTgan. saerTodki iakobs miaCnia, `romeli sawyauliT mogiwyaven xolme, imave sawyauliTmiiReben xolme valsa~... aq, cxadia, gulisxmobs polemikistons, principulobas, ukompromisobas...polemika Tan sdevs iakobis moRvaweobas; albaT, aravis qarTvelmoRvaweTagan amdeni Zala da energia, dro ar dauxarjavs werilobiTdava-kamaTSi, ramdenic iakobs. `rac me dro da Sroma movandomeCemis saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedgenas da xan-gamoSvebiT gaukeTesoebas,aTi imdena dro da Sroma mominda maTi dacvisaTvis sxva da sxva

fiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis Sesaxeb 45ciliswamebisagan~. arasodes Tavad ar iyo iniciatori polemikisa;movusminoT: `umravles SemTxvevaSi Cems winaaRmdeg polemikas sxvebiwamoiwyebdnen xolme, me ki mxolod Tavs vicavdi da am TavdacvisasSetevaze gadavdiodi. garda amisa, Tumca ukanaskneli sityva me mekuTvnoda,rogorc Tavdamcvel mxares, erTob xSirad mas mowinaaRmdegesvuTmobdi xolme; simarTles misdie da Zalmosili, uZleveliiqnebi meTqi _ vetyodi Tavs aseT SemTxvevaSi, da marTlac, iseTimokavSiris wyalobiT, rogoricaa simarTle, erTxelac ar davmarcxebulvar~...`trabaxi mekuTvniso~, _ ambobs erTgan iakobi, magrames ar aris satrabaxo Tavmowoneba... akakim rom polemika Sewyvita,zemoT vTqviT amis Taobaze...niko nikolaZesac hqonda polemika iakobTan. am faqts ase ixsenebsiakobi: `me erTob mkvaxe sityvebiT movixsenie erTi mowinavegazeT `obzorisa~, romlis gamomcemelic nikolaZe iyo maSin; magramSemdegSi, roca polemikis cecxli ganelda, man isargebla Cemirusuli saxelmZRvanelos gamosvliT da dawera statia, romelSicase daaxasiaTa polemikis Sedegebi: `me iseT dartymebs vTavazobdimas, rom kameCsac waaqcevda, magram igi aramc Tu ara waqceula, didsimaRleze aRimarTao~... esaa swored `Rirseuli mtris~ legendisrealuri gamovlineba...simarTle iyo Cemi mokavSireo, werda iakobi da es simarTleaZlevda Zalas... da kidev, mokamaTeebs mouwodebs saliteraturoeTikis dacvisaken... saliteraturo eTika `hgmobda da gmobs, rodesacpiradi boroteba amoqmedebs romelime mwerlis kalamsa~. usiamovnopiradma damokidebulebam SeiZleba WeSmaritebisaTvis aRalatebinoskalmosanso... arada, Cvens literaturul cxovrebaSixSiria amgvari SemTxvevebio, _ Cioda iakobi, _ es ki aris `wyaroyovelis ukadrisobisa da usamarTlobisao~...mxolod sakuTari saxelmZRvaneloebi ar aris iakobisTvis saganipolemikisa. kavkavis qarTuli skolis mniSvneloba iakobs sxvaze ukeTesmoda. amitomac aRSfoTeba ver damala, roca `wera-kiTxvis sazogadoebis~gamgeobam werilobiTi saCivari miiRo kavkavidan `Sesaxebkavkavis skolis daqveiTebisa aRzrdis mxriv~... kavkavis skolasa daiqaur pedagogebs damcvelebic aRmouCndnen: g. lasxiSvili, g. ioseliani,p. goTua, g. naTaZe da sxvebi. `iveria~ da `cnobis furceli~werils werilze beWdaven iakobis winaaRmdeg. aTiode werili gamoqveyndaiakobisa am Temaze. erT-erTi bolo `iklikanturi~ werilispasuxSi iakobi TiTqos ajamebs da ganmartavs am polemikis azrsa damizans; esec Zalze sainteresoa iakobis polemikuri principebis gasaazreblad:`me aravisi dasja ar mwadda da arc aravisi dajildoeba.

46 giorgi gogolaSvilime mowodebuli viyavi xeli momemarTna normaluris weswyobilebisdamyarebisaTvis skolaSi. me amiTi avasrulebdi mxolod Cems movaleobasda Cemi sinidisis brZanebas vemorCilebodi. Tu me es iafad ardamijda da, sxvaTa Soris, SemZRvna axali mtrebi, es Cveulebrivi movlenaaimaTis cxovrebaSi, romelTac devizad aqvT waRmarTi azrebisgaxorcieleba da ara ameba sxva-da-sxva pirebisa~... saintereso azria:polemika mters SegZens maSin, roca mopaeqrisaTvis mTavari araaWeSmariteba; sapirado an raime kerZo interesi roca warmarTavs misqmedebas, Torem roca sazogado interesi aris polemikis sagani damizani, Sedegi sxvagvaria: `akaki wereTelsa da Cems Soris dawyebulixangrZlivi polemika qarTuli enis gramatikuli formebis TaobazeimiT dasrulda, rom Cveni manamde ubralo nacnoboba TiTqmis megobrobadiqcao~, _ wers iakobi... es is polemikaa, akakim rom Tqva,vwyvet kamaTs iakobis didi pativiscemis gamoo...iakobi, rogorc polemikis didostati _ es vrceli Temaa... iakobispolemikuri kultura _ magaliTi unda gaxdes TaobebisTvis...albaT odesme Seiqmneba qarTuli polemikuri kulturis istoria;es paeqrobani Rirs imad, rom iqces saxelmZRvanelod TaobaTaTvis.diax, gvqonda didi da kargi tradiciebi da vkargavT. bolo periodSiver vixseneb msgavs SemTxvevas, sapirispiros – mravlad.oriode magaliTi:90-iani wlebis bolos qarTul sazogadoebaSi mwvaved dadgasaqarTveloSi `Turquli universitetis~ gaxsnis sakiTxi. presisTviscnobili gaxda, rom ganaTlebis saministrom gaaforma xelSekrulebauniversitetis bazaleTSi aSenebis Taobaze. bazaleTi gaxdebasauniversiteto qalaqio, gvpirdebodnen Turqebi. SemohkresgangaSis zari. aqtiurad CaverTeT am polemikaSi. dagrovda uamravisawinaaRmdego argumenti. imJamindeli ministri kbilebiT icavs saministrospozicias, magram icavs `administraciulad~, rogorcxelisufali, Cinovniki; argumentirebul polemikas Tavs aridebs;ver uaryofen Cvens argumentebs... gaimarjva saRma azrma: bazaleTissakiTxi moixsna (universiteti periferiaSi teqnikumis SenobaSiganTavsda...) da manamade `kargi nacnobi~ ministri (erT kaTedrazevmuSaobdiT), dRemde ubrad aris CemTan...sxva magaliTi: saxelmZRvaneloebis biznesi Zalze momgebiani aRmoCndada iakobis `dedaenas~ konkurenti gauCnda. am `dedaenaSi~uaryofili iyo `ai ia~-s principi; pirvel gakveTils `akvariumiT~iwyebdnen. Cven vcadeT iakobis `dedaenis~ dacva; axsna-ganmartebaimisa, Tu ra upiratesoba aqvs iakobis wigns konkurentis saxelmZ-RvanelosTan. ramdenime werili daiwera... ver SeZles sapirispiro

fiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis Sesaxeb 47azris damtkiceba; iyo zepiri SemonaTvalebi da mitanil-motanilixmebi. saxelmZRvanelos avtori (jgufis xelmZRvaneli) dRemdeubrad aris CemTan... samwuxarod, es ar aris erTeuli SemTxveva...es faqtebi iakobis azrma gamaxsena: `akaki wereTelsa da Cems Sorisdawyebuli xangrZlivi polemika imiT dasrulda, rom Cveni manamdeubralo nacnoboba TiTqmis megobrobad iqcao~... es principia patiosanipolemikisa (`patiosani polemika~ _ es terminic unda damkvidrdes,albaT).sabednierod, iSviaTad, magram mainc, aris jansaRi polemikismagaliTebic: m. javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebze~ werili gamovaqveyne`Cvens mwerlobaSi~. Jurnalis redaqtori mwerali rostom CxeiZegansxvavebuli azrisa aRmoCnda da gamomepaeqra. CavTvale, rom Cemipozicia iyo swori da b-n rostoms mivutane sapasuxo werili. redaqtormawerili dabeWda da polemika daasrula: Cveni poziciebimkiTxvelisaTvis naTelia. Cvengan am Temaze saubris gagrZeleba aRarRirs; saTqmeli iTqva; mtyuan-marTali mkiTxvelma gansajoso... esklasikur magaliTebs magonebs...rogorc vTqviT, es erTeuli SemTxvevaa... gauTavebeli, magramara klasikuri, polemikis momswrenic araerTgzis vyofilvarT.ori literaturuli gazeTis redaqtorebi erTmaneTs `Rdinamde Cahyvnen~da imdeni avi da ukadrebeli akadres erTmaneTs, sagani ra iyopolemikisa da mizani _ ra, mkiTxvels daaviwyda kidec... erTmaneTisavis warmoCenis survilma daRala mkiTxveli... realobis grZnobaskargaven, sad Sewydes polemika; zemoT akaki moviSvelieT, giorgiwereTels rom mouwodebda, SevwyvitoT polemika iakobTano; rostomCxeiZis magaliTic gavixsenoT da kidev umniSvnelovanesi _ kafiobisxalxuri tradicia: meleqses roca pasuxi moewoneba, wyvetskafiobas. esec xalxuri tradicia `poeturi polemikisa~...samwuxarod, gauTavebeli, usagno da uazro polemika _ esaaerTi saxe Tanamedrove `mepaeqrobis ritorikisa.~ aris sxva `saxec~ Tanamedrove `mepaeqrobis ritorikisa~: rocakritikuli azri aRizianebs adresats, ver axerxebs argumentirebuluaryofas obieqturi kritikisa, verc egueba da iwyebs lanZrva-ginebasoponentisa. polemika uzneobis relsebze gadahyavs mopaeqres daam gziT cdilobs `WeSmaritebis garkvevas~, Tavisi Tavis gamarjvebuladwarmoCenas. am tipis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT bolodroindelierTi gaxmaurebuli polemika...mokled, faqti aseTia: saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

48 giorgi gogolaSviliwminda sinodSi daisva sakiTxi iakob gogebaSvilis wmindanad kanonizebisSesaxeb; Seiqmna sagangebo komisiac, romelsac unda Seeswavla damoemzadebina sakiTxi sinodis sxdomisaTvis. filologiis mecnierebaTadoqtorma e. WeliZem movlenebs gauswro; sanam sakiTxis Seswavlamoxdeboda, gamosca da mrevlSi gaavrcela broSura `iakob gogebaSviliswmindanad kanonizebis mizanSewonilobasTan dakavSirebiT~.es iyo didi qarTveli moRvawis _ iakob gogebaSvilis _ Rvawlisaraswori Sefaseba... e. WeliZis mizani iyo, xeli SeeSala sakiTxisganxilvisaTvis da wamovida niaRvari ciliswamebaTa da SeuracxyofaTa.movisurve pasuxis gacema. Jurnalma `Cveni mwerloba~ dabeWdaCveni werili `ara cili swamo~... sadac vcadeT dasabuTebaimisa, rom es iyo didi qarTveli moRvawis _ iakob gogebaSvilis _Seuracxmyofeli naSromi, cilismwamebluri braldebani; araswori,gangeb damaxinjebuli wakiTxva i. gogebaSvilis teqstisa; ambiciurida ampartavnuli damokidebuleba kolegebis mimarT. cxadia, eTikisnormebi arsad dagvirRvevia, bolomde koreqtuli viyaviT... Cvenimizani iakobis Rirsebis dacva iyo; SecdomaSi Seyvanili mkiTxvelissimarTleSi garkveva (ra Tqma unda, Cemi azriT). cxadia, velodi,rom Cvens kritikas e. WeliZe upasuxebda, magram... pasuxmayovelgvar molodins gadaaWarba: e. WeliZem dabeWda 90-gverdianisapasuxo wignaki `odes samarTalman dagasamarTlos~. arcerTi kontrargumentiCvens sawinaaRmdegod, arcerTi damatebiTi sabuTi Tavisipoziciis gasamarTleblad; isev Zveli azrebis triali, zogadimsjelobani da... rac mTavaria, ukidegano lanZRva-gineba oponentisa...arc eRireboda am faqtze yuradRebis gamaxvileba, rom er-Teuli SemTxveva iyos aseTi polemika... gaxSirebul teledebatebSies Cveulebrivi movlenaa... axlaxan mTelma saqarTvelom naxa, parlamentSidebatebisas rogor edaveboda deputati prezidents, numayeneb Seuracxyofaso... aseTi mopaeqris mizani erTia: daamcirosoponenti da amiT `daarwmunos~ mkiTxveli (Tu msmeneli) Tavis `simarTleSi~:galanZRuli, Seuracxyofili, damcirebuli mopaeqremarTali rogor SeiZleba iyoso... magram lanZRva-ginebas rom WeSmaritebajer ar gaurkvevia, amaze ar fiqrobs.rogorc Cans, Tavis droze amgvarma qmedebam Seawuxa akaki baqraZeda aTqmevina: `moazrovnea is, vinc arcerT uSver sityvas ar ixmarsda metoqes Tavis simarTles daumtkicebs mxolod argumentebiTa dasabuTebiT. is, vinc lanZRva-ginebas mimarTavs, ar eZebs WeSmaritebas,mas mxolod metoqis damcireba-Seuracxyofa surs. xolo is,vinc WeSmaritebas ar eZebs, ar SeiZleba iyos moazrovne~.arada, polemikis mizani WeSmaritebis dadgenaa!..

fiqrebi qarTuli polemikuri kulturis Sesaxeb kidev erTi aspeqti Tanamedrove polemikisa; esaa is, rasac akakiwereTeli `moaxlur gaqiSpebas~ eZaxis. gavixsenoT: akaki wereTeliivane maCabelTan stumrobda. sityva Seqspiris Targmanze Camovarda.akakim Targmanis ena daiwuna. gagulisda ivane maCabeli, gana SensnawerebSi ki ar aris Secdomebio. Caicina akakim: axla vsaubrobTSens Targmanebze; roca Cemi nawerebis ganxilvaze gadavalT, ra ici,rom ar dageTanxmebio. `es inteligenturi baasi ki ar aris, moaxlurigaqiSpebaao~.`moaxlur gaqiSpebas~ sxva terminiTac aRniSnaven _ `gaRma Sedaveba~.polemikaSi am xerxis gamoyeneba, cxadia, jansaRi polemikiswesebis darRvevaa. amis magaliTic mravladaa. Tundac erTi: iakobgogebaSvilis Taobaze polemikis dros e. WeliZes dasmuli kiTxvebisTvisTavi rom aeridebina, Cemi erTi Zveli werili gaixsena,akaki wereTlis `sulikos~ rom exeba da momedava, araworad gesmisam leqsis arsio... vTqvaT da, marTalia e. WeliZe am SemTxvevaSi, amasiakobis Sesaxeb gamarTul polemikasTan ra kavSiri hqonda? _ raTqma unda, araferi; saubris Temis Secvla dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxisTavis aridebis nacadi xerxia. arada amgvar `moaxlur gaqiSpebas~xSirad mimarTaven Tanamedrove polemikaSi... tradiciuli polemikaki `inteligenturi baasia~...49 vTqviT: Tema vrcelia, rTuli da saintereso; Rirs am sakiTxebzedafiqreba... metic, rom ar daikargos saukuneobiT ganmtkicebulitradicia, rom ar damaxinjdes qarTuli polemikuri kulturis akademiurisaxe, `inteligenturi baasi~ `moaxlurma gaqiSpebam~ romar CanTqas, raRac unda viRonoT.upirvelesad Rrma da seriozuli analizia saWiro sakiTxisa...istoria unda daiweros, principebi unda dadgindes... me Tu mkiTxavT,is tradicia unda aRdges, umaRles saswavlebelSi rom iswavlebodaritorika sami saxis: _ `Tanamzraxvelobisa, mepaeqrobisa dadResaswaulobisa~... skolaSic SeiZleba mWevrmetyvelebis elementebisSetana, elementaruli wesebis gacnoba... arada, sailustraciomasala mravlad gvaqvs _ kargic da avic...nu davkargavT Zvelsa gzasa!..