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daiqvemdebaros Tavisi swori da Tavisufali xalxi. amiT gansxvavdeba aseTi
xelisufleba batonis Zalauflebisagan monaze (1277 b 5-10).
amrigad, moqalaqe aris is, vinc saxelmwifos politikur morvaweobaSi iRebs
monawileobas. magram ra SeiZleba iTqvas xelosnebi, miwaTmoqmedebis Sesaxeb?
isinic moqalaqeebi arian, Tu maTze ar vrceldeba moqalaqis zemoT Semo-
Tavazebuli daxasiaTeba? am kiTxvaze erTi pasuxi ukve viciT. kerZod, rom zog
SemTxvevaSi (demokratiul reJimebSi) isini moqalaqeebi arian da zogierT
SemTxvevaSi (magaliTad oligarqiebSi) ara. amitom aristoteles saboloo
“verdiqti” dasmul kiTxvaze sakmaod damajereblad JRers: “zemoT Tqmulidan
gamomdinare, gasagebia, rom arsebobs moqalaqis ramdenime nairsaxeoba; aseve
gasagebia isic, rom moqalaqed umTavresad iTvleba is, vinc samoqalaqo
uflebebis mflobelia” (1278 a 35-40).
amrigad, Zneli ar aris SevamCnioT, rom moqalaqis aristotelur daxasiaTebebSi
Zlze daaxloebulia erTi mxriv, saxlmwifos da politikuri reJimis
kategoriebi, xolo meore mxriv moqalaqis da saxelmwifo moxelis cnebebi.
berZnuli, polisuri demokratiis an ufro zustad rom vTqvaT, pirdapiri
demokratiis SemTxvevaSi, es asec unda iyos. sxva SemTxvevebSi (aristokratiis,
oligarqiis, Tu tiraniis) SemTxvevaSi, aristoteles SemoTavazebuli gansaz-
Rvreba ar imuSavebs da rogorc Tavad gvafrTxilebs, saWiro gaxdeba moqalaqis
sxva kategoria, magram yvela SemTxvevaSi isTi, romlis moqalaqeoba uflebrivad
iqneba gansazRvruli. magram, Tu moqalaqe upirveles yovlisa uflebrivad
ganisazRvreba polisSi, da Tavisi moRvaweobisas amodis saerTo sikeTis idealidan,
maSin SesaZlebeli xdeba dadgindes misi iseTi cneba, romelic zogadad
gamoyenebadi iqneba yvela tipis politikuri reJimis dros. “moqalaqe, zogadi
azriT — wers aristotele — aris is, vinc monawileobas iRebs batonobasa da
morCilebaSi; yoveli saxelmwifo mowyobis pirobebSi, moqalaqis arseba ar
icvleba. saxelmwifos saukeTeso mowyobis pirobebSi, moqalaqe aris is, visac
SeuZlia da surs morCileba da batonoba imgvarad, rom am dros igi gamodis
saTnoebis Tanaxmad cxovrebis wesidan” (1284 a). Tavad morCilebis fenomenSi,
romelic principulad gansxvavdeba monuri morCilebisagan, aristotele
moqalaqis Rirsebis veraviTar SemzRudvel faqtors ver xedavs, radgan rogorc
mmarTveli da mbrZanebeli, asve mis gadawyvetilebebis Semsrulebeli
moqalaqeebi, orive emorCileba saerTo sikeTisa da sargeblianobis moTxovnebs.
4. saxelmwifoebis formebi
saxelmwifos formebis ganxilvisas ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli sakvlevi mimar-
Tuleba samarTliani saxelmwifoze gadis. platoni saukeTesod da samarTlianad
miiCnevda mxolod idealur saxelmwifos. aristotelesTan viTareba sruliad
sxvagvaria: “rodesac erTi adamiani, an ramdenime, an gnebavT umravlesoba marTavs
sazogadoebrivi sargeblianobis principis Sesabamisad, bunebrivia saxelmwifo
mowyobis aseTi formebi swori formebia, xolo isini, romlebic erTi adamianis,
ramdenimes, an, Tundac, umravlesobis gamorCenaze arian orientirebulni, aseTi
saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis formebi sworidan gadaxrebs warmoadgenen” (1279 a
25-35). SeniSvnidan gamomdinare, arsebobs swori marTvelobis Semdegi formebi:
a) monarqia;
b) aristokratia;
g) politia.
am formebidan gadaxvevas warmoadgens:
a) monarqiidan _ tirania;
b) aristokratiidan _ oligarqia;
g) politiadan _ demokratia.
Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom vargisianoba ganisazRvreba saerTo
sargeblianobis kriteriumis safuZvelze, Zalze saintereso saxes miiRebs
aristoteles mier demokratiis, rogorc araswori formis Sefaseba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom mas miznad aqvs sargeblianoba moutanos uqonlebs, magram realuri
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