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nikolo makiaveli (1469-1527)<br />
XV-XV saukuneebis florencieli politikuri moRvawe da politikuri<br />
filosofiis Teoretikosi, nikolo makiaveli mTeli Tavisi cxovrebiT aqtiurad<br />
iyo dakavSirebuli florenciis respublikasTan, sadac erTi periodi<br />
mniSvnelovani politikuri Tanamdebobebi eWira. respublikis dacemis Semdeg,<br />
makiavelis politikuri karierac dasrulda. mediCebis florenciaSi dabrunebis<br />
Semdeg, 1512 wels, makiaveli kancleris postidan gadaayenes da sxva respublikelebis<br />
msgavsad, saxelmwifo mmarTvelobas Camoaciles. arcTu asakovanma<br />
kacma, makiavelim darCenili cxovreba politkur Teorias miuZRvna da unda<br />
iTqvas, rom am mimarTulebiT is gacilebiT ufro iRbliani gamodga, vidre<br />
praqtikosi politikosis rolSi. makiaveli dRemde iTvleba saetapo mniSvnelobis<br />
avtorad, erTgvar Semobrunebis wertilad politikur TeoriaSi. makiavelis<br />
politikuri ideebi gadmocemulia Semdeg cnobil SromebSi: “mTavari”, “florenciis<br />
istoria”, “komentarebi titus liviusis pirveli dekadis Sesaxeb”.<br />
makiavelis Sexedulebebis gadmocemisas ZiriTadad daveyrdnobiT “mTavars”.<br />
1.politikuri Teoriis sazrisi da misia<br />
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wvlili, ris gamoc makiaveli dafasebulia politiuri<br />
Teoriis avtorTa Soris, aris politikuri Teoriis daniSnulebis<br />
xelaxali gadaazreba aratradiciul konteqstSi. unda, amave dros, gaviTvaliswinoT,<br />
rom makiaveli misi droisaTvis, zogjer specifikuri amocanebisaTvis<br />
werda, rac cxadia, zegavlenas iqoniebda mis Semoqmedebaze. magram<br />
miuxedavad aseTi lokaluri miznebisa, makiavelis gamoTqmuli aqvs araerTi<br />
sayuradRebo mosazreba iseT sakiTxebze, romelTa mniSvneloba yovelTvis Zalze<br />
didi iyo kacobriobisaTvis.<br />
klasikuri politikuri Teoria antikuri tradiciis kvalad amuSavebda<br />
gansxvavebul interpretaciebs adamianis sazogadoebrivi da politikuri<br />
aqtiobis Sesaxeb da yuradRebas amaxvilebda iseT problemebze, rogoric iyo<br />
samarTlianoba sazogadoebaSi, mmarTvelobis saukeTeso <strong>for</strong>mebi, idealuri<br />
saxelmwifo mowoba da a.S. makiaveli zogadad miuyveba iseT klasikur paradigmas<br />
rogoricaa saerTo sikeTe, Tumca, sruliad miuReblad eCveneba is gzebi, romlis<br />
daxmarebiTac klasikuri politkuri Teoria cdilobda mis miRwevas. es gzebi<br />
umeteswilad utopiuri iyo. makiaveli bavSvur warmodgenebad miiCnevda iseTi<br />
saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis <strong>for</strong>mebs rogoricaa, vTqvaT, platonis saxelmwifo,<br />
romelic realurad aravis enaxa, Tumca bevrs ki msjelobdnen masze. mediCisadmi<br />
miZRvnil winasityvaobaSi makiaveli wers mis mier gadmocemul codnaze: “...<br />
romelic Tanadroul cxovrebaze xangrZlivi dkvirvebis da warsulis<br />
gulmodgine Seswavlis Sedegad SeiZina ... (1.92) ... rac amdeni wlis mnZilze<br />
uricxvi simZimilisa, Tu WirTaTmenis fasad Seviswavle da Sevimecne, da, rac ar<br />
Semimkia, arc amivsia vrceli wiaRsvlebiT, arc maRalfardovani Tu mikibulmokibuli<br />
sityvebiT, anda rogoric gnebavT garegnuli samkaulebiT, romlebiTac<br />
ara erTi da ori avtori kazmavs xolme Tavis Txzulebas. radgan me msurda<br />
naSromis mTavari samkauli yofiliyo an Sinaarsis simarTle da Txrobis simkacre,<br />
an — araferi” (1.93).<br />
amgvari midgomisagan gansxvavebiT, klasikuri Teoriebis standartebi<br />
naklovanni arian imis gamo, rom maTi realurad ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia. ra<br />
Tqma unda, romelime mmarTvelma SeiZleba saxelmwifo mowyobis standartebad<br />
zemaRali idealebi SearCios. man SeiZleba xalxs Tavic Seayvaros rogorc<br />
sikeTisa da saTnoebis msaxurma da Semdeg Zalze swrafad daeces, radgan<br />
Zalauflebas, rogorc wesi, inarCunebs ara is, visi gamorCeuli siyvarulic aqvs<br />
xalxs, aramed is, visic ufro metad eSiniaT.<br />
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, makiaveli cdilobs warmosaxviT-sasurveli<br />
politikidan kvleva realuri politikuri sinamdvilisaken Semoabrunos.<br />
realuri politika ki imis irgvliv trialebs, rasac adamiani umetes SemTxvevaSi<br />
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